UXL Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances

1032 Pages·2005·22.14 MB·English

by  Barbara C. Bigelow

U X L Encyclopedia of
(cid:1) (cid:1)
Drugs & Addictive Substances
U X L Encyclopedia of
(cid:1) (cid:1)
Drugs & Addictive Substances
Volume 1:
2C-B (Nexus) to Benzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine
Barbara C. Bigelow, MAT
Kathleen J. Edgar, Project Editor
U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances
BarbaraC.Bigelow,MAT
ProjectEditor RightsandAcquisitions ProductDesign
KathleenJ.Edgar RonMontgomery, PamelaA.E.Galbreath,TracyRowens
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LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA
Bigelow,BarbaraC.
UXLencyclopediaofdrugs&addictivesubstances/BarbaraC.Bigelow,KathleenJ.Edgar.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-4144-0444-1(sethardcover:alk.paper)–ISBN1-4144-0445-X(volume1)–ISBN
1-4144-0446-8(volume2)–ISBN1-4144-0447-6(volume3)–ISBN1-4144-0448-4(volume4)
–ISBN1-4144-0449-2(volume5)
1.Drugs–Encyclopedias,Juvenile.2.Drugsofabuse–Encyclopedias,Juvenile.3.
Substanceabuse–Encyclopedias,Juvenile.I.Title:Encyclopediaofdrugs&addictive
substances.II.Title:UXLencyclopediaofdrugsandaddictivesubstances.III.Edgar,
KathleenJ.IV.Title.
RM301.17.B542006
615’.1’03–dc22
2005017640p
Thistitleisalsoavailableasane-book.
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Table of Contents
Volume 1
AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li
2C-B(Nexus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Adderall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Amphetamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
AmylNitrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Antidepressants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
Barbiturates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
Benzodiazepine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110
Benzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine . . . . . . . . 124
HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct
(CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi
WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii
Volume 2
AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li
Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
CathaEdulis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Codeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Creatine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
DesignerDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
v
TableofContents
Dextroamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Dextromethorphan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
DietPills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Dimethyltryptamine(DMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Diuretics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct
(CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi
WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii
Volume 3
AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li
Ecstasy(MDMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Ephedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Fentanyl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
GBL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
GHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
HerbalDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Heroin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Hydromorphone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Inhalants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Ketamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
LSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct
(CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi
WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii
Volume 4
AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li
Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
vi
U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances
TableofContents
Melatonin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Meperidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
Mescaline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547
Methadone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Methamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Methaqualone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Morphine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624
Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
NitrousOxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct
(CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi
WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii
Volume 5
AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li
Opium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
Over-the-CounterDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
Oxycodone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
PCP(Phencyclidine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
PMAandPMMA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
Psilocybin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
RitalinandOtherMethylphenidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
Rohypnol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831
SalviaDivinorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864
Tranquilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884
HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct
(CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi
WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii
vii
U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances
Alternative Drug Names
45-minutepsychosisseeDimethyltryptamine(DMT)
714sseeMethaqualone
A
A-bombseeMarijuana
A2seeBenzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine
Abyssinianteasee CathaEdulis
AcapulcogoldseeMarijuana
AceseeMarijuana
AcidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
ADAMseeDesignerDrugsandEcstasy(MDMA)
AfricanblackseeMarijuana
AfricansaladseeCathaEdulis
Afrosee2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs
Ah-pen-yenseeOpium
AIPseeHeroin
AirblastseeInhalants
AlliumsativumseeHerbalDrugs
AmpseeAmphetamines
AmysseeAmylNitrite,Inhalants,andTranquilizers
AndroseeSteroids
AngeldustseeDesignerDrugsandPCP(Phencyclidine)
AntifreezeseeHeroin
AntipsychoticsseeTranquilizers
AnxiolyticsseeTranquilizers
ApacheseeFentanyl
AriesseeHeroin
AuntHazelseeHeroin
AuntMaryseeMarijuana
AuntiseeOpium
AuntiEmmaseeOpium
B
BackbreakerseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
BalloonsseeInhalantsandNitrousOxide
BangseeInhalants
ix
AlternativeDrugNames
BarbsseeBarbituratesandTranquilizers
BarrseeCodeine
BatteryacidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
BatuseeMethamphetamine
Beessee2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs
BenniesseeAmphetamines
BenzosseeBenzodiazepinesandTranquilizers
BhangseeMarijuana
BidisseeNicotine
BigchiefseeMescaline
BigdseeHydromorphone
BigHseeHeroin
BigHarryseeHeroin
BigOseeOpium
BlackseeOpium
BlackhashseeOpium
BlackpearlseeHeroin
BlackpillseeOpium
BlackRussianseeOpium
BlackstuffseeOpium
BlacktarseeHeroin
BlancheseeMarijuana
BlindsquidseeKetamine
BlockseeOpium
BlotterseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
BlowseeCocaine
BluecapseeMescaline
BluedollsseeBarbiturates
BlueNitroseeGBL
BluesseeBarbituratesandTranquilizers
BluntseeMarijuana
BoatseePCP(Phencyclidine)
BonitaseeHeroin
BooseeMarijuana
BoomseeMarijuana
BoomersseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)andPsilocybin
BootyjuiceseeEcstasy(MDMA)
BoozeseeAlcohol
BozoseeHeroin
BraindamageseeHeroin
BrewseeAlcohol
BrickgumseeHeroin
Bromosee2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs
BrownacidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
BrownsugarseeHeroin
x
U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances
AlternativeDrugNames
BuddhaseeOpium
BulldogseeHeroin
BundleseeHeroin
BushseeMarijuana
Bushman’steaseeCathaEdulisandDimethyltryptamine(DMT)
ButterburseeHerbalDrugs
ButtonsseeMescalineandMethaqualone
BuzzbombsseeInhalantsandNitrousOxide
BZDsseeTranquilizers
BZPseeBenzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine
C
CseeCocaine
CactusbuttonsseeMescaline
CactusheadseeMescaline
CadillacseeDesignerDrugs
CamelliasinensisseeHerbalDrugs
CapsseePsilocybin
CartridgesseeNitrousOxide
CatvaliumseeDesignerDrugsandKetamine
ChalkseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine
ChamaemelumnobileseeHerbalDrugs
ChamomileseeHerbalDrugs
Chandoo/ChanduseeOpium
CharasseeMarijuana
CharleyseeHeroin
ChatseeCathaEdulis
CherrymethseeDesignerDrugsandGHB
ChewseeNicotine
ChewingtobaccoseeNicotine
ChickenpowderseePMAandPMMA
ChickenyellowseePMAandPMMA
ChiefseeMescaline
ChinagirlseeFentanyl
ChinatownseeFentanyl
ChinawhiteseeFentanylandHeroin
ChinesemolassesseeOpium
ChinesetobaccoseeOpium
ChronicseeMarijuana
CidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
CigarettesseeNicotine
CigarsseeNicotine
CirclesseeRohypnol
Cloud-9see2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs
xi
U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances
AlternativeDrugNames
CoffinnailsseeNicotine
CokeseeCocaine
ComfreyseeHerbalDrugs
ContactlensesseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
CopilotsseeDextroamphetamine
CotiesseeCodeine
CrackcocaineseeCocaine
CrankseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine
CrystalseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine
CrystalmethseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine
CubesseePsilocybin
D
D-ballseeSteroids
D-bolseeSteroids
D’sseeHydromorphone
DaggaseeMarijuana
DancefeverseeFentanyl
DeathseePMAandPMMA
DecaseeSteroids
Deca-DseeSteroids
DelantzseeHydromorphone
DelaudseeHydromorphone
DelidaseeHydromorphone
DemmiesseeMeperidine
Depo-TseeSteroids
DETseeDimethyltryptamine(DMT)
DexseeDextromethorphan
DexiesseeDextroamphetamines
DieselseeHeroin
DietarysupplementsseeCreatine
DilliesseeHydromorphone
DiscobiscuitseeDesignerDrugs
DiscobiscuitsseeEcstasyandMethaqualone
DiscoramaseeInhalants
Diviner’ssageseeSalviaDivinorum
DMseeDextromethorphan
DolliesseeMethadone
DollsseeBarbituratesandMethadone
DopeseeMarijuana
DopiumseeOpium
DorsandfoursseeCodeine
DosesseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
DotsseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)
xii
U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances