Uveitis: A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation PDF
Preview Uveitis: A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation
George N. Papaliodis Editor Uveitis A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation 123 Uveitis George N. Papaliodis Editor Uveitis A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation 123 Editor George N.Papaliodis,MD Director ofthe Ocular Immunology andUveitis Science Massachusetts Eyeand EarInfirmary, HarvardMedical School Boston, MA USA ISBN978-3-319-09125-9 ISBN978-3-319-09126-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09126-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016952816 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeor part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway, andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware, orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationin thisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland I dedicate this book to my daughter Alexandra Papaliodis. I never knew how much I could love anything until I held you in my arms. You are the reason for my existence… Acknowledgements When Springer Publishing approached me about writing a textbook on uveitis, I envisioned this to be a collaborative endeavor involving many of my colleagues and those with an interest in this field. I am deeply indebted to each of my contributing authors who devoted so much time and effort to make this book a success. I am similarly appreciative of Jessica Gonzalez, Kevin Wright, and Rebekah Amos from Springer who assisted in every phase of production of this book. Thank you for your support and patience. On a personal note, I am rarely granted such a public forum to thank the people who have supported me in my career and personal life. I thank Dr. C. Stephen Foster, my former mentor at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI), for introducing me to this incredible realm and allowing me to recognize that I could practice both ophthalmology and internal medicine.IalsothankmydepartmentchairDr.JoanW.Millerwhoentrusted measthedirectoroftheHarvardMedicalSchool/MEEIOcularImmunology and Uveitis Service in 2005. Dr. Miller embodies every professional and personal characteristic I associate with success and I am honored to call her my friend. I am blessed that my parents, Nick and Georgia Papaliodis, encouraged their three sons to never settle for anything less than the best (a common mantra around the Papaliodis household). The ingredients for producing successful children (per my parents) are: unwavering support, infinite love, and great Greek food. My brothers, Louis Papaliodis and Dean Papaliodis, are my best friends, business associates, and constant confidants. No task or challengeistooformidabletoovercomewiththosetwobymyside.Mywife, Sofia Lingos-Papaliodis, has supported and loved me while tolerating my insanely busy schedule between two academic institutions (and writing this textbook)allwhilejugglingthemanagementherownlawfirm,teaching,and raising our rambunctious little toddler. There are no words to adequately describe how fortunate I am to have Sofia as my partner in everything. vii Contents Part I General Principles 1 Introduction.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3 George N. Papaliodis 2 Approach to the Laboratory, Imaging, and Molecular Work-up for Uveitis .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 9 Bradley A. Hansen and Sarkis H. Soukiasian Part II Causes-Infectious Uveitis 3 Bartonella.... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37 Humzah Nasir and George N. Papaliodis 4 Candida . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 41 Sonam Dilwali and George N. Papaliodis 5 CMV Retinitis .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 45 Avni Patel and Lucy Young 6 Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster .... .... .... ..... .... 53 Thomas Flynn and Jessica Ackert 7 Human Immunodeficiency Virus .. .... .... .... ..... .... 63 Nathan Scott 8 Measles.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67 Milka C. Nova 9 Pneumocystis Jiroveci... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 71 George N. Papaliodis 10 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome . .... ..... .... 73 Lindsay Grotting 11 Rubella.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 81 George N. Papaliodis 12 Syphilis.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 85 Miriam B. Barshak and Marlene L. Durand 13 Ocular Toxocariasis..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 89 Sonia Utley and George N. Papaliodis ix x Contents 14 Ocular Toxoplasmosis... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 93 Jay Wang, Eleni Konstantinou and Demetrios G. Vavvas 15 Tuberculosis.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 107 Soumyava Basu and Narsing A. Rao 16 Whipple’s Disease . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 117 George N. Papaliodis Part III Causes-Inflammatory Uveitis 17 Adamantiades-Behçet’s Disease ... .... .... .... ..... .... 121 Alice Lorch and Lucia Sobrin 18 Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy/Serpiginous Choroiditis . .... .... ..... .... 129 Stephanie M. Llop 19 Ankylosing Spondylitis .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 135 Mark Dacey 20 Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy .... .... .... .... ..... .... 143 Eduardo Uchiyama 21 Cogan Syndrome.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 149 Victoria Chang 22 Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis . .... .... .... ..... .... 165 Parvathy Pillai 23 HLA-B27 .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 171 Erik Letko 24 Inflammatory Bowel Disease.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 177 Durga S. Borkar and Nicholas J. Butler 25 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 183 Ann-Marie Lobo 26 Lens Induced. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 189 George N. Papaliodis 27 Masquerade Syndromes . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 191 Emmett T. Cunningham Jr, Carol L. Shields and Jerry A. Shields 28 Medication Induced..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 207 George N. Papaliodis 29 Multiple Sclerosis.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 211 Olga Rosenvald and Dean M. Cestari 30 Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome .. .... ..... .... 217 George N. Papaliodis 31 Punctate Inner Choroidopathy.... .... .... .... ..... .... 219 George N. Papaliodis Contents xi 32 Psoriasis Associated..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 221 Rebecca Hunter 33 Reactive Arthritis/Uveitis Syndrome ... .... .... ..... .... 231 George N. Papaliodis 34 Relapsing Polychondritis. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 235 Jose Daniel Diaz 35 Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 239 Evangelia Papavasileiou, Katarzyna Brodowska and George N. Papaliodis 36 Sarcoidosis... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 243 Kathryn L. Pepple and Russell N. Van Gelder 37 Sympathetic Ophthalmia. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 255 Anna Marmalidou and Chukwuemeka Nwanze 38 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... .... .... .... ..... .... 263 Khayyam Durrani 39 Giant Cell Arteritis ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 271 Jing Zhang 40 Post-traumatic Uveitis and Post-operative Inflammation .... 275 Scott M. Barb 41 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome. .... .... .... ..... .... 285 John B. Miller 42 Uveitis in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)..... .... 291 Safa Rahmani Part IV Treatment 43 Topical Therapies . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 297 George N. Papaliodis 44 Medical Therapy.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 301 Sergio Schwartzman 45 Surgical Therapy: Retisert Implant.... .... .... ..... .... 317 Cynthia X. Qian and Dean Eliott 46 Surgical Therapy: Dexamethasone Biodegradable Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex®)... .... .... .... ..... .... 329 Robert Wang Part V Complications 47 Cataracts .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 337 George N. Papaliodis xii Contents 48 Macular Edema... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 343 Cynthia X. Qian and Lucia Sobrin 49 Management of Glaucoma ... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 355 Louis R. Pasquale Index ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 361
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