UV-curable acrylate metal oxide nanocomposite coatings

119 Pages·2017·2.46 MB·English

UV-curable acrylate metal oxide nanocomposite coatings
Citation for published version (APA):
Posthumus, W. (2004). UV-curable acrylate metal oxide nanocomposite coatings. [Phd Thesis 1 (Research TU/e
/ Graduation TU/e), Chemical Engineering and Chemistry]. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven.
https://doi.org/10.6100/IR575148
DOI:
10.6100/IR575148
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Published: 01/01/2004
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Download date: 18. Mar. 2023
UV-curable acrylate metal oxide
nanocomposite coatings

Willem Posthumus
Druk: Universiteitsdrukkerij Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
Kaftontwerp: Willem Posthumus / Paul Verspaget

CIP-DATA LIBRARY TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN

Posthumus, Willem

UV-curable acrylate metal oxide nanocomposite coatings / by Willem Posthumus. –
Eindhoven : Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2004.
Proefschrift. – ISBN 90-386-2985-0
NUR 913
Trefwoorden: deklagen; mechanische en elektrische eigenschappen /
composietmaterialen / nanocomposieten / acrylic polymers; morfologie / UV-
uitharding / silanen / silica / antimoontinoxide; ATO / tinoxide
Subject headings: coatings; mechanical and electrical properties / composite materials /
nanocomposites / acrylaatpolymeren; morphology / UV-curing / coupling agents;
silanes / silica / antimony tin oxide; ATO / tin oxide
UV-curable acrylate metal oxide
nanocomposite coatings

PROEFSCHRIFT

ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de
Rector Magnificus, prof.dr. R.A. van Santen, voor een
commissie aangewezen door het College voor
Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen
op donderdag 6 mei 2004 om 16.00 uur

door

Willem Posthumus

geboren te Wijnjeterp
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren:

prof.dr. R. van der Linde
en
prof.dr. G. de With

Copromotor:
mw.dr. J.C.M. Brokken-Zijp
Table of contents

Chapter 1

Introduction 9
1.1. General introduction 10
1.2. Nanocomposite coatings 11
1.3. Composition of the nanocomposites studied 11
1.4. Scope of this thesis 13

Chapter 2
Grafting of silane coupling agents on the filler nanoparticles 17
2.1. Introduction 18
2.2. Grafting reactions 19
2.3. Experimental 21
2.3.1. Materials 21
2.3.2. Grafting reactions 21
2.3.3. Kinetics measurements 22
2.3.4. Characterisation and quantification of the grafted MPS 23
2.4. Colloidal stability of the particles 23
2.5. Kinetics study by 29Si-NMR 24
2.6. Characterisation of the grafted particles 28
2.6.1. Quantification of the MPS load 28
2.6.2. Solid state 29Si-NMR 32
2.7. Conclusions 33

Chapter 3

Practical aspects of the coating preparation 35
3.1. Introduction 36
3.2. Colloidal stability – theory 36
3.2.1. Thermal energy 37
3.2.2. Particle-particle interactions 37
3.2.3. Particle-matrix interactions 39
3.3. Colloidal stability – consequences for the systems studied 40
3.4. Consequences of colloidal (in)stability for the preparation of the
coatings 41
3.5. Drying of the coatings 43
3.6. Adhesion 43
3.7. Selection of the acrylate resins 44
3.8. Example of the preparation of ATO filled coatings 45

Chapter 4

UV-curing of the coatings 49
4.1. Introduction 50
4.2. Theory of the UV curing kinetics 51
4.2.1. General kinetics 51
4.2.2. The effects of crosslinking 52
4.2.3. Copolymerisation of acrylates and methacrylates 52
4.3. Experimental 53
4.3.1. Materials 53
4.3.2. Characterisation techniques 54
4.4. Cure of pure acrylates 55
4.5. Copolymerisation of PEGDA and MPS 56
4.6. Influence of the particles on the curing kinetics 58
4.6.1. Absorption of the UV-light by the oxides 58
4.6.2. Curing of silica filled coatings 59
4.6.3. Curing of ATO and tin oxide filled coatings 62
4.6.4. Proposed mechanisms for the retardation of the curing 64
4.7. Conclusions 66

Chapter 5

Electrical resistivity of the coatings 69
5.1. Introduction 70
5.2. Experimental 70
5.3. Results 73
5.3.1. Electrical resistivity of ATO filled coatings 73
5.3.2. Electrical resistivity of tin oxide filled coatings 78
5.4. Models for the resistivity of composite materials 79
5.4.1. Model for type I behaviour 79
5.4.2. Type II behaviour 83
5.5. Conclusions 84

Chapter 6

Mechanical properties of the coatings 87
6.1. Introduction 88
6.2. Experimental 89
6.3. Hardness and elasticity 90
6.3.1. Coatings with a PEGDA matrix 92
6.3.2. Coatings with a TMPTA matrix 95
6.4. Abrasion resistance 97
6.5. Conclusions 99

Epilogue 103
7.1. Aims of this study 103
7.2. Preparation and composition of the coatings 103
7.3. Properties of the coatings 104
7.4. Suggestions for further research 105

Appendix I
Derivation of the curing rate equation 107

Appendix II
Electron tunneling 109

Summary 113

Samenvatting 115

Dankwoord 117

Curriculum Vitae 118

Chapter 1

Introduction

9