Utility Communication Networks and Services: Specification, Deployment and Operation PDF
Preview Utility Communication Networks and Services: Specification, Deployment and Operation
CIGRE Green Books Compact Studies International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) Study Committee D2: Information Systems and Telecommunication Utility Communication Networks and Services Specification, Deployment and Operation CIGRE Green Books Series editor Cigré, International Council on Large Electric Systems, Paris, France CIGRE presents their expertise in compact professional books on electrical power networks.Thesebooksareofaself-containedconcisecharacter,coveringtheentire knowledge of the subject within power engineering. The books are created by CIGRE experts within their study committees and are recognized by the engineering community as the top reference books in their fields. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15383 Carlos Samitier Editor Utility Communication Networks and Services Specification, Deployment and Operation 123 Editor Co-editor Carlos Samitier MehrdadMesbah Pullnet Technology GE Energy Connections ParcTechnològic BC Nord Paris Barcelona France Spain ISSN 2367-2625 ISSN 2367-2633 (electronic) CIGRE Green Books ISSN 2509-2812 ISSN 2509-2820 (electronic) CompactStudies ISBN978-3-319-40282-6 ISBN978-3-319-40283-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40283-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016942499 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Message from the Secretary General All CIGRE members have access to the publications produced by the Working Groups of our Association, in the form of “Technical Brochures” when their work is completed. Between 40 and 50 new Technical Brochures are published yearly, and these brochuresare announced inElectra,CIGRE’sbimonthly journal, andare available fordownloadingfrom“e-cigre”.ThisonlinelibraryofCIGRE(http://www.e-cigre. org), is one of the most comprehensive accessible databases of relevant technical works on power engineering. During1931to1974thetechnicalreportsofWorkingGroupswerepublishedin Electraonly.Assomereportswerebecomingvoluminousitwasdecidedtopublish the largest ones separately, as Technical Brochures. In2000,Electrawasredesigned,andasaresult,itnolongerpublishedthefinal reports of Working Groups. Today only summaries of Technical Brochures are provided in Electra, in both English and French. TheideatovaluethecollectiveworkoftheStudyCommitteesaccumulatedover morethantwentyyears,byputtingtogetheralltheTechnical Brochures ofagiven field,inasinglebook,whichwasfirstproposedbyDr.KonstantinPapailioutothe Technical Committee in 2011. As a result, the first two Green Books were published by CIGRE at the time ofthelast2014sessioninParis.Itisplannedthattheserieswillgrowprogressively at a pace of about one Green Book per year. In2015,theTechnicalCommitteedecidedtoassociateCIGREwitharenowned publisher of scientific books in order to benefit from its know-how and of its visibilityworldwide.AnagreementwassignedwithSpringerattheendofthisyear to co-publish the future CIGRE Green Books. This new Green Book is the first result of this new collaboration, and it is interestingtonote,thatgivenitssize,notasbigasthefirsttwobooks,togetherwith ourpartnerwedecidedtohaveanalternativeformat,theCIGRECompactStudies, to satisfy the need of some Study Committees for a more concise book format covering a specific subject from the scope of a Study Committee. v vi MessagefromtheSecretaryGeneral Before closing this foreword, I want to thank and congratulate the editor, the co-editor and all the authors, contributors and reviewers of this specific issue that gives the reader a clear and comprehensive vision of the past and recent devel- opments of the information and telecommunication technologies applied to the power systems. Paris, June 2016 Philippe Adam CIGRE Secretary General Foreword Since the beginning of Power System deployment, telecommunication services have been a very important component to operate the grid. Their role has evolved driven by two factors, the need to implement new grid operation capabilities, and the evolution of Information and Telecommunication technologies. At the beginning of twentieth century, power utilities required reliable voice communicationstooperatethegrid.Powerlinecarrier,calledinthosetimes“wave telephony”, was the first technology that contributed to the operation of the power grid. When CIGRE was founded, in 1921, there were around 40 PLC voice links in serviceinUSAandEurope.Thedeploymentofthistechnologygrewveryfastand in1929itwas reported that more than1000linkswereinoperationinEuropeand USA. CIGRE identified the need for support for improving and developing commu- nication services and a specific study committee was founded to identify issues of concern,toproposethedevelopmentofnewinternationalstandardsandtoproduce guidelines on the application of new telecom and information technologies. Many new technologies have been introduced since those early times. Study Committee D2 has actively contributed to a smooth introduction of new tech- nologies and new ways to implement and operate these networks. These techno- logical developments pave the way to a better control and operation of the grid, driving to an improvement of the global efficiency of the power system. Theuseoffiberopticscablesonoverheadlinesintroducedaturningpointinthe capabilities of power utilities to develop powerful telecommunication infrastruc- tures.Digitalnetworkswithveryhightransmissioncapacityweredeployedcreating a synergy between technology improvements and new operational service imple- mentationand paving theway tothedevelopment ofnew operational services that offer new opportunities to implement new ways of operation and protection of the grid. The deployment of digital networks over fiber optic infrastructure provides an almost unlimited capacity introducing the false idea that increased network band- width which could compensate any other issue and that a reliable operational service could be provided without any other considerations. vii viii Foreword Study Committee D2 recognizes many other issues that should be considered whenimplementingreliableoperationalservices.Inthepastyears,severaltechnical brochures were produced to develop these new topics. These technical brochures describe different aspects relevant to mission-critical operational service imple- mentation including new opportunities brought about by new technologies as well as their corresponding constraints in such a way to present a complete picture of modern service provision architecture. WhenCIGREGreenBooksserieswerelaunched,studycommitteeD2identified thisasagreatopportunitytospreadourfindingsandbringtogetherseveralworksin ordertoprovideacomprehensiveviewofoperationalserviceprovisioninthescope of present power utilities scenario and considering the incoming Smart Grids deployments. Consequently, it was decided to initiate the production of a Green Book.Thistaskgaveustheopportunitytocompileandupdateexistingmaterialto present it in a smooth and didactic manner. This book is a compact study focused on describing key and specific consid- erationsthatshouldbetakenintoaccounttoimplementoperationalservicesaswell as the architecture alternatives that better suit the fast evolving scenarioof modern powergridandthefutureSmartGriddeployment.Withtheobjectiveofproducing a compact and focused work, technologies and international standards are not described in detail, since those details can be found in many other publications. Iamconfidentthat,byreadingthebook,youwilldiscovereveryrelevantaspect of operational services provision in the scope of power utilities. Specific require- ments and key working principles of every operational service type as well as differentiated implementation aspects are developed through the text providing a comprehensive view of different functionalities and their interactions. This book is the result of the contribution of many specialists from Study Committee D2 and specially of Mr. Mehrdad Mesbah, Convenor of the D2 Advisory Group on Telecom, who did a great job compiling, sorting and updating information to get the text you are about to read. ItisimportanttopointoutthatthisisthefirstCIGRE CompactStudiesbook,a new format and idea that has seen the light thanks to the support and help of my friendDr. KonstantinPapailiou whoverycleverlysaw theneedandadvantagesof this new type of CIGRE books. I would also like to thank Mr. Mark Waldron, the Chairman of the Technical Committee of CIGRE and Mr. Philippe Adam the Secretary General of CIGRE for their support to this new format. I am sure more CIGRE Compact Studies books will follow but meanwhile enjoy this one! Barcelona, June 2016 Carlos Samitier CIGRE Study Committee D2 Chairman Preface Electrical power delivery systems are undergoing tremendous change under the impactofeconomic,environmental,organizational,andtechnologicalfactors.This change spreads across thewhole landscape ofpowergeneration,transmission, dis- tribution, supply and consumption, bringing together these previously distinct domainsintocloselyrelatedprocessesrequiringsubstantialexchangeofinformation. Atthesametime,energyderegulationisbreakingtheuniquegovernment-owned monopolistic “Vertically Integrated Utility” into separate organizations, many of which are privately controlled and operating in a competitive electricity market. This competitive environment implies a permanent quest for cost optimization through optimal usage of assets, new service provisioning processes and enhanced value proposition. It also creates the need for new coordination and control of the system operation and new regulating authorities controlling the reliability and the security of the power supply and its underlying infrastructure. Information exchange is no longer limited to the collect of information in a unique control center and dispatch of commands to the field, but a complex inter-exchangeofinformationbetweenallactorsofthepowergeneration,delivery, supply, and consumption process. These actors include transmission and distribu- tion control centers, regional and national system operators, market platforms and regulating authorities, electrical substations, bulk power plants and energy farms, distributed energy generation and storage plants, service providers, and energy consumers. Such a complex multi-actor environment assures that the produced energy matchestheconsumedenergy,theelectricalpoweristransportedanddistributedin an optimal manner, the power system assets are used in a secure manner and maintained correctly, that energy producing entities are compensated accordingly, and that the power consumer adapts its power consumption to the realities of the generation capability at any time. Informationexchangealsoenablesthesystemtoadapttoanyfaultsoranomalies in the power system in order to avoid grid instabilities and consequent power outages, assuring hence the continuity of power supply. Protection relaying of electrical transmission lines is increasingly interacting across the grid, exchanging informationforhigherdependability,securityandselectiveness,whileevolvingtoa moreadaptiveandmore“grid-aware”behavior.Restoringpowersystemassetsstill ix
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