USMLE Step 1 Lecture Notes 2016: Physiology

440 Pages·2015·21.665 MB·English

by  Kaplan

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USMLE®
STEP 1
Physiology
Lecture Notes
2016
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USMLE® is a joint program of the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB) and the National Board of
Medical Examiners (NBME), neither of which sponsors or endorses this product.
This publication is designed to provide accurate information in regard to the subject matter covered as of
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Editor
L. Britt Wilson, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Columbia, SC
Contributors
Raj Dasgupta M.D., F.A.C.P., F.C.C.P.
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine
Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA
Frank P. Noto, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine
Site Director, Internal Medicine Clerkship and Sub-Internship
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
New York, NY
Hospitalist
Elmhurst Hospital Center
Queens, NY
The authors would like to thank Wazir Kudrath, M.D.
for his invaluable commentary, review, and contributions.
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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Section I: Fluid Distribution and Edema
Chapter 1: Fluid Distribution and Edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section II: Excitable Tissue
Chapter 1: Ionic Equilibrium and Resting Membrane Potential . . . . . . . . 19
Chapter 2: The Neuron Action Potential and Synaptic Transmission . . . . . .27
Chapter 3: Electrical Activity of the Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Section III: Skeletal Muscle
Chapter 1: Excitation-Contraction Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Chapter 2: Skeletal Muscle Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section IV: Cardiac Muscle Mechanics
Chapter 1: Cardiac Muscle Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Section V: Peripheral Circulation
Chapter 1: General Aspects of the Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Chapter 2: Regulation of Blood Flow and Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Section VI: Cardiac Cycle and Valvular Heart Disease
Chapter 1: Cardiac Cycle and Valvular Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Section VII: Respiration
Chapter 1: Lung Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Chapter 2: Alveolar-Blood Gas Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Chapter 3: Transport of O and CO and the Regulation of Ventilation . . 169
2 2
Chapter 4: Causes and Evaluation of Hypoxemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
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Section VIII: Renal Physiology
Chapter 1: Renal Structure and Glomerular Filtration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Chapter 2: Solute Transport: Reabsorption and Secretion . . . . . . . . . . .209
Chapter 3: Clinical Estimation of GFR and Patterns of Clearance . . . . . 221
Chapter 4: Regional Transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227
Section IX: Acid-Base Disturbances
Chapter 1: Acid-Base Disturbances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Section X: Endocrinology
Chapter 1: General Aspects of the Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter 2: Hypothalamic-Anterior Pituitary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267
Chapter 3: Posterior Pituitary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Chapter 4: Adrenal Cortex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .279
Chapter 5: Adrenal Medulla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Chapter 6: Endocrine Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Chapter 7: Hormonal Control of Calcium and Phosphate . . . . . . . . . . .327
Chapter 8: Thyroid Hormones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Chapter 9: Growth, Growth Hormone and Puberty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357
Chapter 10: Male Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365
Chapter 11: Female Reproductive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Section XI: Gastrointestinal Physiology
Chapter 1: Gastrointestinal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
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Preface
These volumes of Lecture Notes represent the most-likely-to-be-tested material on
the current USMLE Step 1 exam.
We want to hear what you think. What do you like about the Notes? What could be
improved? Please share your feedback by e-mailing us at [email protected].
Best of luck on your Step 1 exam!
Kaplan Medical
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I
SECTION
Fluid Distribution
and Edema
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