User Interface Design of Electronic Appliances

425 Pages·2002·69.59 MB·English

by  Konrad Baumann

User Interface Design for Electronic
Appliances

u
ser Interface Design for
Electronic Appliances
Konrad Baumann and Bruce Thomas
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London and New Уork
FirH pubIished 2001
Ьу Tay]or & Francis
11 Ne\v Fe[[er Lane, London ЕС4Р4ЕЕ
Simulшпеоus]уpubIished in [Ье USA and Canada
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Тау/о, & Francis is аn imprint oft})e Тау/о, & Francis Сrouр
ThiscditionpubIishcdin(ЬсTay]or& Francisc-Library,2002.
© 2001 Тау]от & Francis
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reproduced or uti]ized in апу form от Ьу апу e]ectronic,
mechanica], oro[her means, no\v kno\vn or hereafrer
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\vriting from [Ье pubIishers
Every efforr has Ьееп made ш ensure [Ьа[ [Ье advice and information
in [his book is [rue and accura[e а[ [Ье time ofgoing ш press.
Ho\vever, nei[her [Ье puhlisher nor [Ье authors сап accept
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А cata]ogue record for this book is avai]abIe from [Ье British Library
LiIJrary ofCongress Cata/oging-in.РuIJIiсаtiоll Data
User interface design ofe]ectronic app]iancesIКonrad Baumann and Bruce Thomas.
р. ст.
Inc]udes bibIiographica! references and index.
1. E]ectronic appararus and app]iances-Design and construction. 2. Human
enginctring. 1. Baumann, Konrad, 1966- 11. Thomas, Bruce, 1954
TK7870.u82 2000
621.385'4--Jc21 00-053264
ISBN 041524335 1(PrintEdition)
ISBN0-203-78545-5Mastcrc-book ISBN
ISBN0-203-67786-Х (AdobccRc:ldcrFomtat)
Contents
List of figures viii
List of tables
Х"
List of contributors xvii
Addresses ofcontributors
хх
Foreword Ьу Brenda Laurel
ххт
Acknowledgements
ХХ"
PART I
Introduction 1
1 Background 3
BRUCl: THOMAS
2 Introduction 6
KONRAD BAUMANN
3 [nteraction design process 29
GJ:ORG RAKIORS
PART U
User interface design 49
4 Creativity techniques 51
IRI':Nl: МАУКОММАТI
5 Design principles 77
ADRIAN МАКТН AND IRfNE МАУКОММАТI
6 Design of оп-scrееп user interfaces 108
JRl':NE МАУКОММАТI
Уl Contents
PART Ш
Input devices 129
7 Controls 131
KONRAD BAUMANN
8 Keyboards 162
KONRAD BAUMANN
9 Altemative interaction techniques 173
CHRISTOI'HER ВАВЕКAND KONRAD BAUMANN
10 Speech control 190
CHRISTOI'HER ВАВЕКANDJAN NOYfS
11 Wearable computers 209
CHRISTOI'HER ВАВЕК
PART lV
Output devices 217
12 Visual displays 219
KONRAD BAUMANN
13 Audirory displays 253
ОТНМАКSCHIMMH
14 Tactile displays and speech output 268
LEO I'OLL
PART V
Important issues 283
15 Standards in user-interface design 285
JENNIHR WESTON
16 Usability evaluation 295
BRUCETHOMAS
17 Pleasure with products - New human factors 303
I'ATRICK w. JORDAN
18 National cultures and design 329
I'ATRICK 'N. JORDAN
Contents vii
APPENDICES 343
Summary of guidelines 345
KONRAD BAUMANN
Guide to further reading 355
SUSAN COLl:S
References 366
lndex ofauthors 385
Index ofcompanies and products 389
Jndex ofsuhjects 393
Figures
2.1 (а) Siешапs nlObile; (а) Philips mobile; (с) Sony nlObile 9
2.2 List оЕ fеаtшеs and fllnctions оЕ а corded telephone in the
1970, 10
2.3 List оЕ featнres and fllnctions оЕ а mobile telephone in 2000 10
2.4 Types of clIstomers оЕ elecrronic prodllcrs 10
2.5 Training length for Ьщ drivers in Germany and in the USA 11
2.6 (а) BlIs panel {ос expert bus drivers; (Ь) blls panel for less
ql1alified Ьщ drivers 12
2.7 Gaнss' normal disrriblltion of body size of American soldiers 13
2.8 С. G. jlшg's basic types оЕ hllman character 14
2.9 (Left) FOLlf parts оЕ the brain according to the HBD! nlOdel;
(right) an example оЕ а person's preferred \уау оЕ thinking 15
2.10 User interface variants Еor а food-mапufасtllГiпgmachine 17
2.11 User interface оЕ а micro\vave oven 18
2.12 AlItomation shollld increase over time as qL1ickly as the
overall nllmber of fеаtшеs in а specific appliance does. ln
а prodllct range, high-fеаtшеd prodL1cts ideally shoL1ld not
have а higher lIser interface complexity than 100v-end
prodllcts 19
2.13 The technology life cycle 19
2.14 VisibIe simplicity of small hi-fi lЛ 20
2.15 UI of а car-navigation system 21
2.16 (Left) Combined controls оп а car hi-fi and (right) оп а
home hi-fi 22
2.17 Example of state diagrams 23
2.18 Block diagram, state diagram, characteristic 24
2.19 Analoglle display: for qL1ick rOllgh reading of а variabIe, for
discerning changes in the valL1e 25
2.20 Digital display: (or precise reading of а variabIe 25
2.21 Analogl1e control: for qL1ick adjнstment of а valL1e, gives
tactile feedback abollt the statlls 25
2.22 Digital control + digital display + keypress repetition
fL1nction: nlOderately good (or precise adjнstmentof а valLle 25
Figures
lX
2.23 Analoglle control + digita! display: better {ос qllick and
precise adjllstment оС а vall1e 26
2.24 Analoglle contro! + analoglle variable: for contro! tasks (e.g.
vehicle or plane steering) 26
2.25 Digita! contro! + analogl1e variabIe: for reglllation tasks
\vith srrongly integrating Ьеhаviош оС the variabIe 26
2.26 Analoglle representation оС several variabIes in а diagram:
for qllick overvie\v and сошраrisопоС vall1es 26
2.27 Digital control + digita! binary display: Сor possible
анtошаtiсmode (i.e. setting оС the variable Ьу the appliance) 27
2.28 Analoglle contro! + digital binary control: Сor on-screen
сшsor movement, drag-and-drop, poinring and clicking 27
2.29 Analoglle display + digita! display: Сor t1exibility in different
contexts of ще 27
2.30 Ana!ogl1e disp!ay + digital disp!ay: for maximal tlexibi!ity in
reading а уа!не 27
2.31 Symbo!: for ql1ick grasping of information 28
2.32 Analogl1e activity sign (progress bar): {or processes of known
(or estimatabIe) dшаtiоп 28
2.33 Animation as an activity sign {or processes of l1nkno\vn
dшаtiоп 28
3.1 Tri-partition of the interaction design process 33
3.2 Mirroring perspectives for detennining goa!s, roles and
responsibilities 34
3.3 Transition from the сшrепt sitl1ation to the next sitl1ation 36
3.4 Transition with the domain sitl1ation 37
3.5 Fl1l1 transition story 38
3.6 Кеу stages in the interaction design process 42
3.7 The Llser interface in the task-sitl1ation тodе! 44
3.8 Strl1сtше of пюdе!s 45
4.1 Workshop 55
4.2 Keywords 57
4.3 Trend board 59
4.4 (а) Axes; (Ь) visl1a! mapping 60
4.5 Brainstorming meeting 62
4.6 Role p!aying 64
4.7 Samp!e storyboard 66
4.8 Screen shots taken {rom an animated storyboard 67
4.9 Flowchart 71
4.10 Detai!ed tlo\vcharts 72
4.11 Other types of tlo\vchart 73
4.12 Protype of а car-navigation system 75
5.1 Examp!es offreqL1ent!y Llsed controls оп portabIe app!iances:
(а) CD p!ayer bl1ttons; (Ь) portabIe cassette p!ayer 80
5.2 Example of а po\ver bl1tton оп а portabIe app!iance 81