Table Of Content

USENIX Association Proceedings of the Winter 1992 USENIX Conference January 20 - 24,1992 San Francisco, California For additional copies of these proceedings write: USENIX Association 2560 Ninth Street, Suite 215 Berkeley, CA 94710-2565 USA The price is $30 for members and $39 for non-members. Outside the USA and Canada, please add $22 per copy for postage (via air printed matter). Past USENIX Technical Conferences 1991 Summer Nashville 1987 Winter Washington, DC 1991 Winter Dallas 1986 Summer Atlanta 1990 Summer Anaheim 1986 Winter Denver 1990 Winter Washington, DC 1985 Summer Portland 1989 Summer Baltimore 1985 Winter Dallas 1989 Winter San Diego 1984 Summer Salt Lake City 1988 Summer San Francisco 1984 Winter Washington, DC 1988 Winter Dallas 1983 Summer Toronto 1987 Summer Phoenix 1983 Winter San Diego © 1991 Copyright by The USENIX Association All Rights Reserved. This volume is published as a collective woric. Rights to individual papers remain with the author or the author's employer. UNIX is a registered trademark of UNIX System Laboratories. DEC and Ultrix are trademarsk of Digital Equipment Corp. Ethernet is a trademeark of Xerox Corp. Sun is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. IBM-RT is a trademark of IBM Corp. Other trademarks are noted in the text Printed in the United States of America on 50% recycled paper, 10-15% post-consumer waste. This book is printed on recycled paper. TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Acknowledgements vi Preface vii Author Index viii Wednesday, January 22,1992 8:30 - 10:00 Keynote Session CAffl'r; Eric Allman, University of California, Berkeley Building the Open Road: The Internet as a Testbed for the National Public Network 1 Mitch Kapor, Electronic Frontier Foundation 10:30 -12:00 Libraries Chair: Greg Rose, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center COLA: Customizing Overlaying 3 Eduardo Krell and Balachander Krishnamurthy, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill LIBTP: Portable, Modular Transactions for UNIX 9 Margo Seltzer and Michael Olson. University of California, Berkeley Exploiting the Advantages of Mapped Files for Stream I/O 27 Orran Krieger, Michael Stumm, and Ron Unrau, University of Toronto 1:30 - 3:00 File System Implementations Chair: Andrew Birrell, Digital Equipment Corporation, Systems Research Center The Episode File System 43 Sailesh Chutani, Owen T. Anderson, Michael L. Kazar, Bruce W. Leverett, W. Anthony Mason, and Robert N. Sidebotham, Transarc Corporation An Implementation of Large Files for BSD UNIX 61 Dave Shaver, Eric Schnoebelen, and George Bier, CONVEX Computer Corporation Storage Efficient Reliable Files 69 Walt Burkhard and Petar D. Stojadinovic", University of California, San Diego 3:30 - 5:00 Innovative Applications Chair: Bob Gray, U S WEST Advanced Technologies Multimedia Mail From the Bottom Up or Teaching Dumb Mailers to Sing 79 Nathaniel S. Borenstein, Bellcore archie - An Electronic Directory Service for the Internet 93 Alan Emtage and Peter Deutsch, McGill University X Widget Based Software Tools for UNIX Ill Doug Blewett, Scott Anderson, Meg Kilduff, and Mike Wish, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill USENIX — Winter '92 In Thursday, January 23,1992 8:30 -10:00 Practicum Chair: Rick Adams, UUNET Technologies, Inc. Purify: Fast Detection of Memory Leaks and Access Errors 125 Reed Hastings and Bob Joyce, Pure Software Creating MANs Using LAN Technology: Sometimes You Gotta Break the Rules 439 Stanley P. Hanks, Technology Transfer Associates Realtime Workstation Performance for MIDI 139 Robin Schaufier, Silicon Graphics, Inc. 10:30 - 12:00 Hacking and Cracking Chair: David Rosenthal, SunSoft agrep-A Fast Approximate Pattern-Matching Tool 153 Sun Wu and Udi Manber, University of Arizona, Tucson An Evening with Berferd in Which a Cracker is Lured, Endured, and Studied 163 Bill Cheswick. AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill Hijacking AFS 175 P. Honeyman, LJB. Huston, and M.T. Stolarchuk, The University of Michigan, Center for Irformation Technology Integration 1:30 - 3:00 UNIX Meets the Real World Chair: Pat Parseghian, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill An Information Bus Architecture for Large-Scale, Decision-Support Environments 183 Dale Skeen, Teknekron Software Systems, Inc. Application Software: Product Management and Privileges 197 Bernard Wagner, Ciba-Geigy AG and Bruce K. Haddon, Storage Technology Corporation Applying Threads 209 Jay Littman, Hewlett-Packard 3:30 - 5:00 Hardware Issues Chair: Thomas Ferrin, University of California, San Francisco Open Boot Firmware 223 Mitch Bradley, Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation Loge: A Self-Organizing Disk Controller 237 Robert M. English and Alexander A. Stepanov, Hewlett-Packard How and Why SCSI is Better Than IPI for NFS 253 Bruce Nelson and Yu-Ping Cheng, Auspex Systems USENIX —Winter '92 Friday, January 24,1992 8:30 -10:00 Load Balancing Chair: Steve Johnson. Athenix Process Control and Communication in Distributed CAD Environments 271 Douglas Rosenthal, Wayne Allen, and Kenneth Fiduk, Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation Supporting Checkpointing and Process Migration Outside the UNDC Kernel 283 Michael Litzkow and Marvin Solomon, University of Wisconsin, Madison The OpenSim Approach - Tools for Management and Analysis of Simulation Jobs 291 Matt W. Mutka and Philip K. McKinley, Michigan State University, East Lansing 10:30 -12:00 Fllesystem Performance Chair: Brent Welch, Xerox PARC Multi-level Caching in Distributed File Systems -or- your cache ain't nuthin' but trash 305 D. Muntz and P. Honeyman, The University of Michigan, Center for Information Technology Integration A Trace-Driven Analysis of Name and Attribute Cubing in a Distributed System 315 Ken W. ShirriffandJohnK. Ousterhout, University of California, Berkeley NFS Trying by Passive Network Monitoring 333 Matt Blaze, Princeton University 1:30-3:00 Scheduling Chair: Teus Hagen, OCE Issues in Implementation of Cache-Affinity Scheduling 345 Murthy Devarakonda and Arup Mukherjee, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center Control Considerations for CPU Scheduling in UNIX Systems 359 Joseph L. Hellerstein, IBM T. J. Watson Research, Yorktown Heights Realtime Scheduling in SunOS 5.0 375 Sandeep Khanna, Michael Sebre'e, and John Zolnowsky, SunSoft 3:30 - 5:00 OfT the Beaten Track Chair: Andrew Hume, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill Camels and Needles: Computer Poetry Meets the Perl Programming Language .... 391 Sharon Hopkins, Telos Corporation 3DFS: A Time-Oriented File Server 405 W. D. Roome, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill Faster String Functions 419 Henry Spencer, University of Toronto A History of the COSNIX Operating System: Assembly Language UNIX 1970 to July 1991 429 Alan E. Kaplan, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill USENIX — Winter '92 v A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S PROGRAM CHAIR Eric AUman, University of California, Berkeley PROGRAM COMMITTEE Rick Adams, UUNET Technologies, Inc. Andrew Birrell, Digital Equipment Corporation, Systems Research Center Tom Ferrin, University of California, San Francisco Bob Gray, U S WEST Advanced Technologies Teus Hagen, OCE Steve Johnson, Athenix Pat Parseghian, AT&T Bell Laboratories Dennis Ritchie, AT&T Bell Laboratories Greg Rose, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center David Rosenthal, SunSoft Brent Welch, Xerox PARC TECHNICAL PROGRAM REVIEWERS Keith Bostic, University of California, Berkeley Steve Coffin, 5 WEST Kirk McKusick, University of California, Berkeley Mike Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder Curt Stevens, University of Colorado, Boulder Dave Taenzer, U S WEST PROGRAM COMMITTEE SCRIBE George Neville-Neil, University of California, Berkeley PROCEEDINGS PRODUCTION Carolyn Carr, USENIX Association Evi Nemeth, University of Colorado, Boulder Eric AUman, University of California, Berkeley INVITED TALKS COORDINATORS WORK-IN-PROGRESS COORDINATOR Tom Cargill, Consultant Lisa A. Bloch, Sun User Group Andrew Hume, AT&T Bell Laboratories BOF COORDINATOR TERMINAL ROOM COORDINATOR Kevin C. Smallwood, Purdue University EvePodet, mtXinu TUTORIAL COORDINATOR USENIX MEETING PLANNER Daniel V. Klein, USENIX Association Judith F. Deshamais, USENIX Association vi USENIX —Winter '92 P R E F A C E Welcome to San Francisco for the USENIX 1992 Winter Technical Conference. I believe that USENIX conferences are unusual in that they provide ''something for everyone." This conference is no exception. Papers range from the hard academic variety to pragmatic discussions, with some "fun" work thrown in for good measure. In all cases, the Program Committee looked for practical results. We had the luxury of selecting 33 papers from 104 submissions, albeit coupled with the painful task of rejecting some fine papers that just didn't fit into the program. We hope you find our selections enjoyable and useful. Since my first days with UNIX, networking has changed from being virtually nonexistent to being common. However, it is not yet pervasive: I cannot send email to my sister, who works with Macintoshes at a design firm. This will certainly change soon: our keynote speaker, Mitch Kapor, will talk about how. Thanks to Barry Shein for suggesting Mitch and making the introductions. I have the dubious honor of having chaired two USENIX conferences. This one has been very different than my previous experience, four and a half years ago in Phoenix. The conference has gotten larger and expectations have been raised. For example, the Invited Talks are now a regular feature; in 1987, they hadn't been conceived. We also provided reviewer comments on aU submissions; prior conferences usually provided comments on only a few papers (this turned out to be a lot of woik). However, the good news is that many tasks that were previously on my shoulders have been spread among many people. The USENIX office staff has helped in a hundred ways. I'd like to give particular thanks to Carolyn Carr, the USENIX Publications Manager, who provided tremendous ongoing assistance for these proceedings; her work started weU before the program committee meeting and is still continuing as I write these words. Evi Nemeth from the University of Colorado, Boulder flew to Beikeley to once again help with proceedings production. As with any large endeavor, many volimteers have generously donated their time. My special thanks go to all of them. Eric AUman University of California, Beikeley USENIX —Winter '92 vii A U T H O R I N D E X < Wayne Allen 271 Bruce W. Leverett 4 3 Owen T. Anderson 4 3 Jay Littman 209 Scott Anderson 111 Michael Litzkow 283 George Bier 61 Udi Manber 153 Matt Blaze 333 W. Anthony Mason 43 Doug Blewett 111 Philip K. McKinley 291 Nathaniel S. Borenstein 7 9 Amp Mukheijee 345 Mitch Bradley 223 D. Muntz 305 Walt Burkhard 6 9 Matt W. Mutka 291 Yu-Ping Cheng 253 Bmce Nelson 253 Bill Cheswick 163 Michael Olson 9 Sailesh Chutani 4 3 John K. Ousteihout 315 Peter Deutsch 93 W. D. Roome 405 Murthy Devarakonda 345 Douglas Rosenthal 271 Alan Emtage 93 Robin Schaufler 139 Robert M. English 237 Eric Schnoebelen 61 Kenneth Fiduk 271 Michael Sebr6e 375 Bruce K. Haddon 197 Margo Seltzer 9 Stanley P. Hanks 439 Dave Shaver 61 Reed Hastings 125 Ken W. Shirriff 315 Joseph L. Hellerstein 359 Robert N. Sidebotham 43 P. Honeyman 175 Dale Skeen 183 P. Honeyman 305 Marvin Solomon 283 Sharon Hopkins 391 Henry Spencer 419 L.B. Huston 175 Alexander A. Stepanov 237 Bob Joyce 125 Petar D. Stojadinovid 6 9 Alan E. Kaplan 429 M.T. Stolarchuk 175 Mitch Kapor 1 Michael Stumm 2 7 Michael L. Kazar 4 3 Ron Unrau 2 7 Sandeep Khanna 375 Bernard Wagner 197 Meg Kilduff 111 Mike Wish 111 Eduardo KreU 3 Sun Wu 153 Orran Krieger 27 John Zolnowsky 375 Balachander Krishnamurthy 3 viii USENIX —Winter '92