Use of Microbes for the Alleviation of Soil Stresses: Volume 2: Alleviation of Soil Stress by PGPR and Mycorrhizal Fungi

192 Pages·2014·0.73 MB·English

by  Mohammad Miransari (eds.)

Mohammad Miransari E ditor
Use of Microbes
for the
Alleviation of
Soil Stresses
Volume 2: Alleviation of Soil Stress by
PGPR and Mycorrhizal Fungi
Use of Microbes for the Alleviation
of Soil Stresses
Mohammad Miransari
Editor
Use of Microbes
for the Alleviation
of Soil Stresses
Volume 2: Alleviation of Soil Stress
by PGPR and Mycorrhizal Fungi
123
Editor
Mohammad Miransari
Department of Bookand Article
AbtinBerkehLimited Co.
Isfahan
Iran
ISBN 978-1-4939-0720-5 ISBN 978-1-4939-0721-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-0721-2
Springer New YorkHeidelberg Dordrecht London
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013954016
(cid:2)SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2014
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Preface
In this second volume some more important details related to the ‘‘Use of Soil
Microbes for the Alleviation of Soil Stresses’’ have been presented. My contri-
butions are also significant. Authors from different parts of the world have also
presented their contributions. Complementary to the first volume, the second
volume also contains some applicable details, which can be of theoretical and
practical use for students, researchers, and scientists at different levels and
disciplines.
Mohammad Miransari
v
Contents
1 The Interactions of Soil Microbes, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Fungi and N-Fixing Bacteria, Rhizobium, Under
Different Conditions Including Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mohammad Miransari
2 The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alleviation
of Salt Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef and Mohammad Miransari
3 Biological Control: PGPR and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal
Fungi Working Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Joanna F. Dames
4 Role of AM Fungi in Alleviating Drought Stress in Plants. . . . . . 55
Asiya Hameed, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah,
Abeer Hashem, Ashwani Kumar, Helal Ahmad Lone
and Parvaiz Ahmad
5 Mycorrhizal Fungi to Alleviate Salinity Stress
on Plant Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Mohammad Miransari
6 Impact of Biotic, Abiotic Stressors: Biotechnologies
for Alleviating Plant Stress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
S. Krishna Sundari
7 Siderophore Efficacy of Fluorescent Pseudomonades Affecting
Labeled Iron (59Fe) Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Genotypes Differing in Fe Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani, Mohammad J. Malakouti,
Kazem Khavazi and Mohammad Miransari
vii
viii Contents
8 Plant Physiological Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance Induced
by Mycorrhizal Fungi and Piriformospora indica. . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Mohammad Javad Zarea, Mohammad Miransari and Nasrin Karimi
9 Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Oil Content and Yield
Components as Affected by Co-inoculation with Azotobacter
chroococcum and Glomus intraradices at Various N and P
Levels in a Dry Climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Mohammad Mirzakhani, Mohammad Reza Ardakani, Farhad Rejali,
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad and Mohammad Miransari
10 Mycorrhizal Fungi to Alleviate Compaction Stress
on Plant Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Mohammad Miransari
11 Microbial Inoculums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Mohammad Miransari
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Contributors
Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah Plant Production Department, College of Food and
Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef Faculty of Science, Department of Botany,
South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
Parvaiz Ahmad Department of Botany, S. P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Mohammad Reza Ardakani Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,
Karaj Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
Joanna F. Dames Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnol-
ogy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
Asiya Hameed Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
Abeer Hashem Botany andMicrobiologyDepartment,CollegeofScience,King
Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Kazem Khavazi Department of Soil Microbiology, Soil and Water Research
Institute, Karaj, Iran
Ashwani Kumar Department of Botany, Dr. H.S. Gour Central University,
Sagar, India
Helal Ahmad Lone Department of Botany, A.S. College, Srinagar, Jammu and
Kashmir, India
Mohammad J. Malakouti Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science,
Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Miransari Department of Book and Article, AbtinBerkeh Limited
Co., Rudehen, Tehran Province, Iran
Mohammad Mirzakhani Farahan Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran
ix
x Contributors
Mir Hasan Rasouli-Sadaghiani Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil
Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Farhad Rejali Division of Soil Biology, Soil and Water Research Institute,
Karaj, Iran
S. Krishna Sundari Biotechnology Department, Jaypee Institute of Information
Technology, Noida, India
Qiang-Sheng Wu College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University,
Jingzhou, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
Mohammad Javad Zarea Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
Chapter 1
The Interactions of Soil Microbes,
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
and N-Fixing Bacteria, Rhizobium, Under
Different Conditions Including Stress
Mohammad Miransari
Introduction
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) are soil fungi developing symbiotic associa-
tions with most of the terrestrial plants. In such a mutually beneficial symbiosis,
thehostplantsprovidethefungiwithnecessaryhydrocarbonsfortheirgrowthand
development. The fungi transfer water and nutrients to the host through their
extensivenetworkofhyphaconnectingsoilandhostroots(SmithandRead2008).
For the onset and continuation of symbiosis the presence of the host plant is
mandatory, although the fungal spores may germinate in the absence of the host
plant (Smith and Read 2008; Smith et al. 2010).
Nitrogen- (N-) fixing bacteria, specifically Rhizobium, are able to fix atmo-
spheric N, when in symbiosis with their specific host plant. For the onset of the
symbiosisbetweenthefungiorbacteriaandthehostplant,signalmoleculesshould
be exchanged between the two symbionts activating the genes required for the
development of symbiosis (Gherbi et al. 2008; Marsh et al. 2008; Oldroyd et al.
2009).Suchgeneactivationresultsinmorphologicalandphysiologicalalterations
inthehostplantrootsandeventuallyproducesrootnodulesandfungalhyphawith
the related components (Akiyama and Hayashi 2006; Artursson et al. 2006;
Miransari and Smith 2007, 2008, 2009; Miransari et al. 2007, 2008, 2009a, b).
The presence of a wide range of soil microbes in the plant rhizosphere can
affect both plant performance and the interaction between different microbes
(Sachs et al. 2011). Plant physiology, affecting root exudates and metabolites,
influences the community of soil microbes. The metabolites include primary
(nutrient source) and secondary (signaling molecules) and chemoattractants
(Compant et al. 2010). Accordingly, there is interaction between plant and
microbial communities affecting their presence and diversity. With respect to the
M.Miransari(&)
DepartmentofBookandArticle,AbtinBerkehLimitedCo.,
MalekAve.,NazerAlley,#37,Isfahan,Iran
e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
M.Miransari(ed.),UseofMicrobesfortheAlleviationofSoilStresses, 1
DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-0721-2_1,(cid:2)SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2014