Table Of Content

Historic, Archive Document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. \ r USDA Human Nutrition Research and Education FY 994 Activities, 1 Report Congress to USDA Human Nutrition Researcli and Education FY 994 Activities, 1 Report Congress to U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture. USDAHumanNutrition The USDAprohibits discrimination in its programs onthe ResearchandEducationActivities, FY 1994: Reportto basis ofrace, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, Congress. U.S. DepartmentofAgriculture, 58 pp. disability, political beliefs, andmarital orfamilial status. (Notallprohibitedbases applytoall programs.)Persons Thisreport waspreparedunderthe auspices ofthe U.S. withdisabilities whorequire alternativemeans forcommu- Department ofAgriculture's HumanNutrition Coordinating nication ofprogram information (Braille, large print, Committee. USDA agency representatives who assistedin audiotape, etc.) shouldcontact the USDA Office ofCommu- preparing this report were Jacqueline Dupont,Alanna nications at (202)720-2791. Moshfegh, FrankieN. Schwenk,Agricultural Research Service; ElizabethCrosby,Agricultural Marketing Service; Tofileacomplaint, writethe Secretary ofAgriculture, U.S. Judith Putnam, Economic Research Service; Jay Hirschman, DepartmentofAgriculture, Washington, D.C., 20250orcall Food andNutrition Service; MelvinM. Mathias andJan 1-800-245-6340 (voice) or(202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA Singleton, Cooperative State ResearchEducation and is an equal employmentopportunity employer. Extension Service; Sandy Facinoli, NationalAgricultural Library; andLynn Dickey, Food Safety and Inspection Service. Mention oftrade names, commercial products, orcompanies in the publicationis solely forthe purpose ofproviding specific informationanddoes not implyrecommendation or endorsementby the USDA over others notmentioned. While supplies last, single copies ofthis publicationmay be obtained at no cost fromJacqueline Dupont, chairperson, USDAHuman Nutrition Coordinating Committee, BARC- West, Building 005, Room 332, Beltsville, MD 20705. IssuedDecember 1996 1 Contents Abbreviations iii I. Introduction 1 A. Charge 1 B. Legislative 1 1. FoodLabeling 1 C. Changes in Resources orInfrastructure 2 II. Human Nutrition Research Activities 2 A. General 2 B. Normal Requirements forNutrients 4 1. Improving Human Nutrition Requirements forOptimal Health Program Withinthe National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program 4 2. Infants andChildren 5 3. Maternal Nutrition 5 4. AdultNutrition 6 5. The Elderly 6 6. NutrientFunctions 6 C. Role ofNutrition in Promoting HealthandPreventing Diet-Related Disorders 9 1. Body Composition 9 2. Dietary Lipids 9 3. Dietary FiberandCarbohydrates 10 4. Vitamins and Minerals 11 D. Food Composition andNutrient Bioavailability 1 E. Food and Nutrition Monitoring Research 12 1. U.S. Food and Nutrient Supplies 12 2. FoodConsumption Surveys 13 a. Survey Operations 15 b. Survey Systems 15 c. Survey Planning 16 d. DataRelease 16 e. Survey Results 16 f. Research on Determinants ofDietary Status and Survey Methods 17 F. GovernmentPolicies and Socioeconomic Factors 17 G. Food and Nutrition Information andEducation Research 21 1. Establishing Dietary Guidance Policy 21 H. Food Marketing and Demand 25 1. Studies of Food Supplies, Prices, Expenditures, Marketing Costs, Safety, Technology, and Consumer Demand 25 2. Studies on Improving FoodMarketing 28 III. Nutrition Education and Information 28 A. USDA's Responsibility To Ensure the Federal Government "Speaks With One Voice" When Issuing Dietary Guidance 29 B. Programs Initiated orExpanded 29 i — Contents Continued 1. FoodandConsumerServices Programs 29 2. Cooperative Extension System 30 a. General 30 b. The Nutrition, Diet, and HealthBase Program 30 c. National Initiatives 30 d. Special Programs 31 e. Impact 32 f. ProgramHighlights 32 3. Agricultural Marketing ServicePrograms 32 4. National Agricultural Library (NAL) Programs 33 C. Nutrition Education and Information Highlights 34 1. Implementation ofthe Dietary Guidelines forAmericans inthe ChildNutrition Programs 34 2. Nutrient StandardMenu PlanningMethod fortheNational SchoolLunch and School Breakfast Programs 35 3. Breastfeeding PromotionEfforts 36 4. 1890 Institution Capacity Building Grants Program 36 5. Recruitment andRetention ofPublic HealthandCommunity Nutritionists 36 6. National Needs GraduateFellowship Grants Program 38 7. HigherEducationChallenge Grants 38 8. Nutrition Education andTrainingProgram 38 9. Food StampProgram Participants 39 10. OtherNutrition EducationEfforts 39 IV. FundingLevels 39 V. Coordination andAdvisory Mechanisms 48 A. CoordinationWithin the Federal Sector 48 B. Coordination WithinUSDA 49 1. General 49 2. ExtensionTargets Vulnerable Audiences 50 3. Cooperative Regional ResearchProjects 50 4. Economic Research Service andCenterforNutrition Policy and Promotion Cooperation on Food Supply Data 51 C. Coordination Withthe Private SectorandInternational Organizations 52 D. Advisory Groups 52 VL Benefits 53 ii Abbreviations AFDC Aid to Eamilies with Dependent Children AMS Agricultural Marketing Service ARS Agricultural Research Service CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DHHS) CES Cooperative Extension System CNPP CenterforNutrition Policy and Promotion CSFII Continuing Survey ofEood Intake ofIndividuals CSREES Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service CSRS Cooperative State Research Service (USDA) DHHS Department ofHealth and Human Services DHKS Diet and Health Knowledge Survey EFNEP Expanded Eood and Nutrition Education Program ERS Economic Research Service (USDA) ES Extension Service (USDA) PCS Food and Consumer Services FDA Food and Drug Administration (DHHS) FDPIR Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations FGS Food Grouping System ENS Food and Nutrition Service (USDA) FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA) ESP Food Stamp Program HECS Household Food Consumption Survey HNIS Human Nutrition Information Service (USDA) IBNMRR Interagency Board forNutrition Monitoring and Related Research ICHNR Interagency Committee ofHuman Nutrition Research NAL National Agricultural Library NCHS National Centerfor Health Statistics (DHHS/CDC) NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NLEA Nutrition Labeling and Education Act NNMRRP National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program TEEAP The Emergency Food Assistance Program USDA United States Department ofAgriculture WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program forWomen, Infants, and Children iii