US News and World News Magazine 1991-01-28

76 Pages·6.3 MB·English

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JANUARY 28, 1991
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■ LETTERS
Stakes of war: I was somewhat disturbed least a dozen major countries including
to read in your December 24 cover story, the United States, plus heavy financing
“Life on the Front Lines,” that the chap¬ by Italian and other bankers. It is sheer
lains of the units in the desert have to folly to expose servicemen and innocent
have Velcro crosses and are treated as civilians to the horrors of war just to
“morale services officers.” For a nation destroy this one dictator, while the real
that was founded on religious freedom, war criminals, who traffic in human mis¬
it does not add up when we are afraid to ery for profit, go free. Any Middle East¬
show the world “In God We Trust.” The ern dictator’s power would quickly with¬
first commander of U.S. forces. General er away if the U.N. would get realistic and
Washington, made certain that the enforce a cease and desist order on profi¬
troops received religious guidance and teering in uranium, war chemicals, mili¬
was not afraid to do it openly. In Viet¬ tary technology and arms trading.
nam, where I served two tours, it was John J. Solar
done openly also. I strongly recommend Dyer, Ind.
that the administration change its policy
and let the chaplains do what they do m War in Iraq risks destruction of the
best, without restrictions. The troops remains of ancient Mesopotamia, the
will be the beneficiaries. land between the Tigris and Euphrates
Lt. Col. John M. Sanaker, USA (Ret.) Religion on display. Child holds copy rivers where civilization and writing and
Cambridge, Minn. of the Koran at Muslim rally in Amman. recorded history began. It was home for
humanity’s first cities and earliest tem¬
■ Bravo for the December 24 cover sto¬ ples. This civilization has almost 6,000
ry. The families of soldiers and civilians die the deployment of their spouses. If a years of continuous history. Its most
here in Killeen are having a very tough spouse can’t handle military life, why ancient sites, such as Ur, Eridu and
time, and it started well before the de¬ marry a military member or stay mar¬ Uruk, are close to the frontier near Ku¬
ployment when the government, in its ried? If women are so strong and liberat¬ wait, directly in line of any movement
infinite wisdom, deactivated the 2nd ed, and can handle anything, why not a of forces into Iraq. Many of the most
Armored Division and thereby signed deployment? I’m a military wife, and precious objects are in the museum
an economic death warrant for the when my husband does deploy I’ll miss at Baghdad, perilously near the Iraqi
community. Anyone who thinks that him, but I will stand on my own two feet, defense ministry. The most precious
this is not the case needs to spend just not in a continuous puddle of tears. remains of this civilization could be de¬
five minutes at the unemployment of¬ D. L. B. Langworthy stroyed in high-altitude bombing. We
fice. To say our local economy is devas¬ Glen Bumie, Md. must ask ourselves whether we have the
tated is an understatement. right to jeopardize the survival of this
Laurie Sechrist ■ Your continuing coverage of the Mid¬ irreplaceable cultural and historical leg¬
Killeen, Texas dle East crisis revealed that Saddam acy that is of importance not only to
Hussein, unlike Hitler, has no signifi¬ Iraq but to all mankind.
■ In reference to your December 24 cov¬ cant manufacturing base. His power was Carra Ferguson O’Meara
er story: I am tired of hearing and reading made possible only through the machina¬ Associate Professor of Fine Arts
about the weeping wives of Desert tions of shadowy arms dealers and muni¬ Georgetown University
Shield, those who just can’t seem to han- tions and aircraft manufacturers from at Washington, D.C.
m CROSSTALK are unhappy with events, That is why U.S. News em¬
share your recipe for change. ploys people whose sole con¬
From the letters editor ■ Forty, even four, pages are cern is letters. They see to it
hard to digest, impossible to that every one reaches the
A print. If more people are to appropriate editors, writers
fter 25 years, during ers, the only way to be fair to be heard, all must be brief. and reporters and that every
which I read every one of all who write is to select a rep¬ ■ Criticize (or praise) when question gets an answer.
the 750,000 letters you wrote resentative sampling of the we deserve it—but do so fair¬ They also prepare a detailed
us, this letters editor departs viewpoints found in our mail. ly. Writers and editors have analysis of each week’s mail
U.S. News for a new career. Question No. 2: I’ve sent an obligation to report for senior editorial staff.
But before I leave I want to letter after letter but you events; they are not responsi¬ For readers who want to
respond to your two most have yet to print one. Just ble for the events. And even communicate quickly, we in¬
asked questions. what does it take to get my if your letter is not published, stalled a fax machine (202-
Question No. 1: How could views published? Some hints: keep writing. Editors need to 955-2685). Use thefax, use the
you run that dumb letter from ■ Limit your remarks to cur¬ know what readers think. So mail. Your opinion counts.
Reader X instead of mine? rent events and their report¬ do public officials—many of
Answer: With 12 million read¬ ing and analysis. And if you whom read U.S, News. Robert). Ames
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, JANUARY 28,1991
■ LEHERS The insinuation that the university is
somehow “racist” is not only ill-in¬
News for the ’90s: David Gergen is formed but also offensive to our numer¬
pleased that the U.S. population, up 10 ous black students and alumni of whom
percent in the past decade, will increase we are proud.
Merrill McLoughlin Michael Ruby while Germany’s stagnates and Japan’s Bob Jones University does not re¬
Peter W. Bernstein Christopher Ma, Cliff Hopkinson heads downward, thus giving us an eco¬ ceive any sort of state or federal funds.
Edttor at Large David Gergen nomic advantage [“The Good News of The only redress sought by the universi¬
1990,” Dec. 31,1990-Jan. 7,1991]. Under ty was the right to adhere to, without
Art Director Rob Covey “Outlook 1991” in the same issue, we taxation, our religious beliefs prohibit¬
WNOGeuawltolicosro oiYakt to.B; u BB oCrruiagsaneinn ru ejDssafusec,,f fkWAyA; v iEsUellsgri.yiaSas m.nCt aN, o MnLemtwee awMsyr.eio saHrw snL;a;a o mSSgrcdpisni.eoe gcMnni c aEaReldi Ray&Hm e LSpoiooeorrsc;rd tiWse. ,tG yoB,re leWdrts Rsoryaen ypS YoHtrratee,l oriJsbwoaeihnrtztnd: aaarlpieTzp iehtnoaeglrr d ei tn htio se1 9ae9 “x1cAp oaemnlconte ner1eci0c.t ,ia0on0n 0 hDseprreeeca,i mefos, ”rt oine daricesh¬¬ iuctnaongnnf tosi nirtdtthueearnrnreaa dtcre ie“ alplit ughdbiaoalttui icsn t pghfo erale inecSddyu o”mp mmrae.r omrAriaeeng idemC . ponIotou rwri¬st
new citizen will leave behind an envi¬ Bob Jones University is the only educa¬
ronmental debit making the earth less tional and religious institution in Amer¬
able to sustain life and heal itself. There ica forced to pay taxes.
is no personal health to be had in an Gail Dentel
unhealthy environment —and more of Community Relations Coordinator
our wealth will be spent on insulating Bob Jones University
ourselves from the unhealthy mess Greenville, S.C.
we’ve made. We must control our num¬
bers and the demands we put upon our Mending our ways: I am writing to com¬
environment. mend John Rutledge’s “The Deflation
Larry R. Vander Lind Decade?” in your December 24 issue.
Ashland, Ore. We here in New Hampshire have been
trying to get the Washington crowd to
■ After reading David Gergen’s upbeat understand since June 1989 that the
editorial, my comment was; “Thanks, I credit delivery system was in a free fall
needed that!” of breakdown and collapse. Maybe with
Dorothy M. Grote some further national attention, this
Aberdeen, S.D. broken system will receive some appro¬
priate mending from Washington.
Timely lexicon: I read with considerable Lee B. Harden
dismay your explanation of stewardship Hopkinton, N.H.
as “environmentalists’ catchall phrase
for the host of restrictions they would Double standard: In your article titled
like to place on landowners, dictating “People to Watch” [December 31-Janu¬
how their property can be used” ary 7], you found marital status to be
[“Words to Watch-1991,” December significant for two of the three women
31-January 7]. Of all the words on that you profiled —Texas Judge Edith Jones
page, why did you single out steward¬ and Washington, D.C., Mayor Sharon
ship to trivialize and misrepresent? The Dixon. You also found it important to
stewardship ethic is a prerequisite for a mention that both women have chil¬
livable, sustainable world. Restrictions dren. However, neither children nor
will not work in the long run because marital status was mentioned in any of
they change behavior, not the underly¬ the men’s profiles. While I fervently
ing values that cause that behavior. hope that Cardinal O’Connor is a child¬
True change must come from the heart. less bachelor, am I to assume the same
Stewardship will happen when land- regarding the other men?
owners are convinced that it is in their Christine A. Solie
own and their children’s best interest — Columbus, Ohio
and that it is the right thing to do.
Geojf Dates Clarification: In the article “Where You
Hartland, Vt. Can’t Get Fired” [January 14], Thomas
R. Horton was cited as the only author
Bob Jones controversy: It amazes me to of “Beyond the Trust Gap: Forging a
see a publication well-known for its New Partnership Between Managers
journalistic excellence make a gross and Their Employers.” Credit should
misstatement that reflects a lack of re¬ also have been given to the book’s co¬
search. I am referring to the paragraph author, Peter C. Reid. — The Editors.
in the “Washington Whispers” section
of the December 24 issue in which you Address letters for publication to Letters Editor,
describe Bob Jones University as “a U.S.News & World Report, 2400 NStreet, N.W.,
segregated university.” Bob Jones Uni¬ Washington, D.C. 20037-1196. Send letters by fax
versity is not now, nor was it at the time to [phone]. Include full name, address and
of the Supreme Court case, segregated. daytime phone number. Letters may be edited.
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, JANUARY;
Test your knowledge
of the environment
. . .
1 The annual cost of ill¬ 2. The greatest single 3 Air pollution emissions 4 The Clean Air Act
nesses directly related to contributors to urban air in the last 15 years have: Amendments of 1990 will
air pollution in this coun¬ pollution are: have a major impact on
try is: A) Doubled American business. It pays
A) Coal-burning electric B) Stayed the same special attention to the
A) $500 million utilities C) Dropped substantially issue of toxic air pollu¬
B) $3 billion B) Oil-Burning electric tants. These toxics are
C) $16 billion utilities Answer: C. Many air pollutants emitted by business activi¬
AbDene)s nw$ f5ea0rr: boCif.fl ,lB ieouitnth Der .w Aocucldonrd’ti nhga vtoe CED))) AAM&ustmBom ucfooabmcitlbueirsni negd plants i4hpn$au vrtohcef he tba helseaee sndpt osttulwolbudosta itdyoae nnec tmtaihadialtelstsy .oa rA nenl dcyeuaw acrb e do ut tdiiinnreggys., caeTlsveh edaenin v ncienuorgmms,e bm haeoseru rsocsmfei a aeplil artbii annktg¬¬,
Aottbltfracewgaprliihhrueenxnoeteoacomhdhleenytandninuamiwnu egmo c. tetAla icrscreas hnnenOnip ie,amdt ebesn(d nel rzr woa tneutdmbesieuowhhnu,l t,urhdo nal$e egeiriicnsiunnelcs1ct nila tebht, c6anei erc otntbmsl en ysssaroob cs hu.s uo ),idoso eaio lL.reglltat ldinsrdflp nahrTueubi ,o oee1 hoireenntohfsixnc9tonsus ng eai9ta s e omdrdlo a ia0.m syAxCrim ef dn otsO- ita isdlipopdedbehomeoizsaaeouaom inraoxol$smscaelnlonenicl,es4lhtda xstu uie ae 0 Al a ettic,totegda mod ti,ahbitfaf ione e rooonpi taedond l,oA ran¬t tys x hs r,t ycb¬ e¬te Avvstopp^tctfrs7biireeomeoa5xrooocuunwseh$nuinnuunnpscods i teltn.wciekogefhmadr nrdllnDisn ts eeee- benao,sc scrrsl ieasu aineei:aen,wetr’b r tt sons) v DriieoelehCp o.nxtde .eaflai ndmiocN acnTdlsivfpallul nhoudeualaihoolosfu l ,r njtdwelz yoait boutaanali or,araeutirnar sbnetninga arnuseg lsaoieewenthledatro ss -duo csda(t.e ug.o “ t,omd c slvtC rraslaomeu4tcige mos asram c0ehia pmbtr nohs$spin msrii(c g oe oltio“ontala”eu chrwpedffifs)n c ctasa e iuc ceurihpds rro acaora¬ ro emrlelgba l ¬sd leas¬uo nn ¬ ceiAdw11dnbp1tltlsoeeh9m9oyr9rul vhls iaoe87 u7nttmves2iSihnr70phpc7 lste4e,t sopttbhe.t -niom$ se miceulea e .z,tdldlav do rtrgu,oaoSao rre e dhepotmnbogr2d uneen ersfepo-5ae lloi o p tv tp’pn$mya(2 rh8 dre,“oe hemc 0 0ooihatsmdef hu$dshmdnri uav ,a .rcoi uaflen cgeo cllhornBdyceentyagihoaw odidi r” emuo nbsmmxt s)cethx rynrg wi o rnbiapodti oot lacdoohipaeorenewunloee wesno elo bg ela, bnw ce lut eihlmlgalrhu n-am ta ui 1 rfditrcarstiptoiot9hnsoesiherratrn7tusee a sniniens’b8i,ndman ne7 o t eftsg d.sa0 no eaiei, sn-nns dr d g AccoctbttzlllACBaohoeaiaaerewfnxr))e) ndwsitx,r sic,s eteme c241wai e,r pea,dc32 n8 a lievvmreru isd 9torieamswhm,n: idqi tsmyelCiupsua.saslr c.ai: ibssr’ ocr tytIiTe leihhbones vvshaxlna see otlei insive scsronsd.ocs it eeedda uaTh nmsdemuninshtn,o;sadoa lea c tmybylta ngrlohgu ylr eeecgirodd ues.raeyt ascehrou Tg lo unti: sfbhonu luroeeoNeye gs¬ rnlgw eco i¬ eanisma cpta nenhaeciwd¬lt¬eh
former levels. The new Clean Air one, no matter how near a toxic
Act Amendments of 1990 will sub¬ emission, will face an increased
stantially reduce sulphur dioxide risk of cancer greater than 1 in
emissions, gn)und-level ozone pol¬ 10,000. One means of reducing
lution and toxic air pollutants. toxic emissions, by both industry
and automobiles is switching to
natural gas from other fuels.
’There are no simple answers.. .but there are smart choices.
Watch for the American Gas Association “Discovery Now: Green Alerts” on The Discovery Channel
/i fuming smokestack is the perfect symbol of our national dilemma.
On one hand, it means the jobs and products we need. On the
other, it means pollution. ^ Some think having one without
the other will take a miracle. We think it will take natural
gas. Because gas, the cleanest of all fossil fuels, can
reduce emissions across the board. You name it—
CO, CO2, NOx. SO2, particulates —and natural gas
combustion produces none or substantially
less, But gas is more than clean. It’s
extremely efficient as well. So even
fewer pollutants are created since
less fuel is expended to do a
Job. Which also reduces
costs. 7ind that’s another
argument favoring gas. It
makes the fight against
pollution more affordable.
7\nd, since nature
blessed North America with
vast stores of gas, it’s a fight
we can definitely win. With
energy security and a
better trade balance as a
bonus. ^ Natural gas.
It’s not the only answer.
Just the best one we have
right now.
© 1991 American Gas Association
OUTLOOK
ONE WEEK
Warriors of the
new world order
F
or a brief, shining moment last week, Americans could glimpse a new
world in the making. It came when we least expected, as families who had
known too many wars watched loved ones march into yet another inferno.
A nation waited, anxious, depressed. Then the news came flashing back: Some
600 U.S. planes had flown their first combat missions over the Persian Gulf,
only one had been lost and civilian deaths on the other side seemed minimal.
Riveted to our televisions, we could see for ourselves one change. There be¬
side the airplanes and atop the tank turrets were the faces of clean-cut, plain-
spoken warriors straight off Main Street, U.S.A. No boasts, no bravado, only an
unassuming courage and professionalism.
Hidden from the cameras were other strands of
the stoiy. Offstage, President Bush and his advis¬
‘One could only ers worked round-the-clock to tighten the ties
that bind their delicate coalition, speaking to his¬
wonder if we tory as they worked the phones. We also could
would have lost nreovto sleueti oann di np rmoibcarboleyle wctirllo nniecvse, rb uunt ditesr setfafnecdt twheas
60,551 in devastating. Guided by high-tech precision sys¬
tems, Tomahawk cruise missiles whisked hun¬
Vietnam had dreds of miles to land within a 10-foot diameter,
we fought as we and 2,000-pound bombs were guided by lasers
through pinpointed doorways.
are fighting in Even less visible but no less important was an¬
the gulf other shattering change: the absence — at least for
now —of the cold war. The disappearance of a So¬
viet threat has transformed this crisis. Only with
Soviet cooperation could the United States turn
to the United Nations early on. Only because Western Europe is now safe
could the United States pull half its forces out of Germany to achieve a massive
buildup in the gulf. And last week, only because they no longer fear the Soviets
could Americans Are off their top weapons. In Korea and Vietnam, experts say,
the United States held back its best technology for fear that we would give
away secrets to the Russians. One could only wonder if we would have lost
60,551 Americans in Vietnam had we fought as we are fighting in the gulf.
Could it be true? Could this be the new face of battle? Analysts on
television warily shook their heads, promising far more casualties ahead, and
surely they are right. Missile attacks on unarmed Israelis underscored how gris¬
ly this war may yet be. But in those opening days, a larger truth emerged: For
the first time in history, a concert of nations led by the United States can possi¬
bly bring tyrants to justice. If so, the world will be infinitely safer. If so, the
“new world order” the president envisions may have some chance of
taking hold.
Out of the crucible of war, even a triumphant one, often comes disillusionment.
The gulf will bring its own horrors and disappointments. But as the skies of Bagh¬
dad lit up last week, we could just see the signs of a new dawn. □ BY DAVID GERGEN
At peace with themselves. Bush and
U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, JANUARY 28,1991

CALENDAR U.S. NEWS
Presidential agenda ■ On January
29, at 9 p.m., President Bush is
scheduled to give his third State of
the Union address. If war continues,
Bush may decide to unveil his 1991
agenda in a written message to
Congress, perhaps focusing on
international issues. Domestically,
Bush’s 1991 program will include
crime-control proposals such as a
broader federal death penalty to
cover about 30 crimes; some
observers also predict he will once
again push for a capital-gains-tax
reduction. In February, the White
House will submit new budget Full alert. Guards and dogs snijf out trouble on Capitol Hill.
proposals to Congress. This year.
Bush is expected to veto a number WILL AMERICA BE HELD HOSTAGE?
of measures, perhaps including a
family-leave bill and a civil-rights It is an eerie feeling in a country so long secure within its borders. With much of
bill reintroduced by congressional Saddam Hussein’s military crippled, Americans remain concerned that the Iraqi
Democrats despite Bush’s veto of dictator will use terrorism. Though he would find it far more difficult to do so here
them last year. Senate hearings are than abroad, American government and business officials take the threat seriously.
slated to begin this week on the The White House has canceled visitor tours, security has been tightened on Capitol
family-leave issue. Hill and the FBI has stepped up investigations of Arab-Americans with suspected
ties to Iraqi-backed terrorist organizations. Law-enforcement officials are focusing
concerns about possible terrorist action on the president’s State of the Union
address to a joint session of Congress and on the Super Bowl, scheduled for January
27 in New Orleans. In major population centers, police and private security firms
have beefed up. For the first time, major U.S. airports have gone on full security
alert —and some security officials are blaming the Federal Aviation Administration
for moving slowly to install new baggage-checking equipment. Thermal Neutron
DATABASE Activators, at major airports. However, an unreleased government report, due out in
several weeks, concludes that the equipment is unable to detect even the small
First use of “state of the union” to amount of explosives that blew up Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988. Despite the concerns,
describe what had been the “annual FBI officials emphasize that the real threat remains in Europe, the Middle East and
message”: Harry S. Truman, 1947 Asia (see Page 42).
Only presidents not to give annual
messages: William Henry Harrison, THE SUPREME COURT’S BUS STOP
James Garfield
Longest annual message ever given: In 36 years since the Supreme Court’s Brown v. Board of Education decision, school
Harry S. Truman, 1946, 25,000 words boards have wrestled with how long judicially supervised desegregation must
State of the Union address continue. Now, the high court has declared that busing is not forever, while not saying
requiring the most speech writers: precisely how long is enough. The 5-to-3 ruling allows Oklahoma City to reject busing
Lyndon B. Johnson used 24 in 1964 if it can convince a judge it has done everything “practicable” to eliminate “vestiges of
Bills paPsesrecdet endntuaurgrinee: gv 6eG5toe0eo drg: e3 Bush’s prnaunealw sietn ndghdi eos acntror iti nhmcgeoi unsinraut tb Oiojoekrncdl”tae iharnsgo .yam Teinaahs retCs bwictloyail,cul kwretsm h.o eBbrrodueles dirsneeogndm feeaod eusc parteodrsic itne dh utnhdatr etdhse ocof udrist’tsri fcitrss tt om saejeokr
President who vetoed the most: parents who want busing to resume claim they
Frankiin Roosevelt, 635 (7.2 percent) can prove schools have been unlawfully reseg¬
Of 40 presidents, number who regated in recent years as the city shifted to
served in the military: 27 neighborhood schools. Early tests of the new
Percentage of U.S. firms offering standard are likely in Denver, De Kalb Coun¬
paid parental leave: 5 Unpaid: 44 ty, Ga., and Topeka, Kan., where a girl named
Linda Brown began her landmark school-
ByJoAnnTooley segregation challenge in the early 1950s. Stalled. Oklahoma City busing, 1972
10 ILLUSTRATION: CHARLES WALLER FOR USN&WR U.S.NEWS & WORLD REPORT, JANUARY 28,: