US Hegemony and the Project of Universal Human Rights PDF
Preview US Hegemony and the Project of Universal Human Rights
US Hegemony and the Project of Universal Human Rights Tony Evans US HEGEMONY AND THE PROJECT OF UNIVERSAL HUMAN RIGHTS SOUTHAMPTONSTUDIES ININTERNATIONALPOLICY Published in association with the Mountbatten Centre for Intell1ational Studies, University ofSouthampton. General Editor: Dilys M. Hill, Reader in Politics, University of Southampton,and Deputy Director, MountbattenCentrefor International Studies Other academic members of the editorial board: Martin Alexander, Ralph Beddard, StevanK. Pavlowitch, John Simpson This series was established in 1986 to encourage the publication of multidisciplinary studies of those public policies with significant international components or implications. Areas of special interest include arms-control and defence policies, environmental policies, human rights, maritime and space issues, third-world development questions and the European Union. US Hegemony and the Project of Universal Human Rights Tony Evans Lecturerin Politics UniversityofSoutharnpton FirstpublishedinGreatBritain 1996by MACMILLANPRESS LTD Houndmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG21 6XS andLondon Companiesandrepresentatives throughouttheworld Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailable fronltheBritishLibrary. ISBN0-333-63796-8 FirstpublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 1996by ST.MARTIN'SPRESS, INC., ScholarlyandReferenceDivision, 175FifthAvenue, NewYork,N.Y. 10010 ISBN0-312-15921-8 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor ©TonyEvans 1996 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionof thispublicationnlaybenladewithoutwrittenpermission. Noparagraphofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedor transnlittedsavewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewith theprovisionsoftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct 1988, orunderthetelmsofanylicencepermittinglinlitedcopying issuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,90TottenhanlCourt Road,LondonWIP9HE. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorisedactinrelationtothis publicationnlaybeliabletocrinlinalprosecutionandcivil claimsfordamages. 10 9 8 7 6 543 2 1 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby AntonyRoweLtd,Chippenhanl,Wiltshire ForAnnie This page intentionally left blank Contents TheMountbatten CentreforInternationalStudies IX Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 The 'Idea' ofHumanRights 1 TheStudyofHumanRights 3 TheInternationalHumanRightsRegime 6 OutlineoftheBook 9 Notes 11 1 UniversalHumanRightsandInternationalRegimes 13 ConceptualModels 15 InternationalRegimesandRules 19 InternationalLawandHumanRights 23 InternationalRegimesandInternationalInstitutions 33 HegemonyandtheHumanRightsRegime 36 Conclusion 41 No~s 42 2 HumanRightsandPost-WarReconstruction 48 WarandtheDemandforHumanRights 51 HumanRightsandtheDumbartonOaksConversations 56 TheUnitedNationsandHumanRights 59 DomesticJurisdictionandUniversalHumanRights 64 Conclusion 66 Notes 67 3 AnInternationalBillofHumanRights 72 TheExpectationsofaNewInternationalNormativeOrder 74 TheColdWarandHumanRightsNorms 79 TheNormativeDebateintheCommissiononHumanRights 83 TheCommissiononHumanRights 86 TheFormoftheBillofRights 89 Conclusion 93 Notes 95 vii viii Contents 4 HumanRightsandHegemony 101 HegemonyandDomesticPolitics 102 DomesticPoliticsandRegimeFormation 105 TheBrickerAmendment 110 IIegemony,BrickerandtheHumanRightsRegime 113 Conclusion 116 Notes 118 5 TheInternationalCovenantsonHumanRights 121 TheBifurcationoftheCovenant 125 Self-determination 132 TheColonialClause 138 Conclusion 142 Notes 144 6 ImplementationandForeignPolicy 148 InternationalImplementationofHumanRights 149 PoliticalImplementationofHumanRights 160 ForeignPolicy,DomesticPoliticsandHumanRights 162 ForeignPolicy,HumanRightsandInternationalAction 166 Conclusion 170 Notes 172 7 ConclusionandSpeculation 176 ASpeculation 182 Notes 190 AppendixI: UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights 192 AppendixII: InternationalCovenantonEconomic, Social, and CulturalRights 199 AppendixIII: InternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights 211 Bibliography 232 Index 241 The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies The Mountbatten Centre for International Studies (MCIS), located in the Department ofPolitics at the University ofSouthampton, conducts many cooperative and individual research programmes and activities. Current areas of research include nuclear non-proliferation, human rights, internationalenvironmentalissues,navalpeacekeeping,EuropeanandAsian security,civii-militaryrelationsandpolicestudies. MCIS activitiesincluderesidential seminarsby itsDefenceStudiesUnit as well as a programme of seminars and public lectures. The Centre is interdisciplinary, relyingforitsresourcebaseonmanydepartments within the University, including History, Law, Education, and Aeronautics and Astronautics. Links have been established with the Centre d'Histoire Militaire ofthe University of Montpellier, the Foundation Pour les Etudes de Defense Nationale,Paris,andtheFacultedesAffairesInternationales,Universitedu Havre. The Centre also participates in the work ofthe team on Political Culture in Eastern Europe at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales,Paris. MembersoftheCentrehaveparticipatedintheworkofthe European ScienceFoundationandtheInternational Congress ofHistorical Sciences. Publicat.ions of the Centre include the Southampton Studies in InternationalPolicymonographandbookseries,thelatterinassociationwith Macmillan, and a monograph and newsletter series produced by the programmeon nuclearnon-proliferation. MCIS wasestablishedin 1990in successiontotheCentreforInternationalPolicyStudies(foundedin 1983). TheMountbattenCentrebearsthe nameoftheEarlMountbattenofBurma (1900-79), whosepapersarehousedattheUniversityofSouthampton. ix
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