Urothelial carcinoma : methods and protocols PDF
Preview Urothelial carcinoma : methods and protocols
Methods in Molecular Biology 1655 Wolfgang A. Schulz Michèle J. Hoff mann Günter Niegisch Editors Urothelial Carcinoma Methods and Protocols M M B ETHODS IN OLECULAR IO LO GY SeriesEditor JohnM.Walker School of Lifeand MedicalSciences University ofHertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire,AL109AB,UK Forfurther volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651 Urothelial Carcinoma Methods and Protocols Edited by Wolfgang A. Schulz, Michèle J. Hoffmann € and Gunter Niegisch € Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany Editors WolfgangA.Schulz Miche`leJ.Hoffmann DepartmentofUrology DepartmentofUrology HeinrichHeineUniversity HeinrichHeineUniversity Du€sseldorf,Germany Du€sseldorf,Germany Gu€nterNiegisch DepartmentofUrology HeinrichHeineUniversity Du€sseldorf,Germany ISSN1064-3745 ISSN1940-6029 (electronic) MethodsinMolecularBiology ISBN978-1-4939-7233-3 ISBN978-1-4939-7234-0 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017948666 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaLLC2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction onmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation, computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Preface Urothelialcarcinomaisthemajorhistologicalsubtypeofbladdercancerinmostregionsof the world, except where endemic schistosomiasis causes another subtype, squamous cell carcinoma.Outsidethefieldofurology,theincidenceandimpactofurothelialcarcinomaare often underestimated, but in fact, it is the fourth most common cancer in males in many countries,albeitwithalowerincidenceinwomen.Onereasonforthisunderestimatemaybe thatalargefractionofurothelialcarcinomasarepapillarytumorswithalowtendencytoward progressiontoinvasiveandmetastaticcancers.However,whilerarelylife-endangering,these tumorsrequiresurgery,mayprogresstohigherstages,and,notleast,haveanastytendency torecur,thusnecessitatinglong-termmonitoringandtreatment.Moreover,the20–30%of urothelial carcinomas, which are invasive at first presentation or have progressed from papillarytumors,areasdangerousasanycarcinomainothertissues.Despiteradicalsurgery and multimodal cytotoxic chemotherapy, only about half of the patients survive for more than 5 years. Worse, nomajor improvements have beenachieved in the therapy of invasive urothelialcarcinomaover thelasttwodecadesandinparticular,noneofthenovelmolecu- larlytargeteddrugshasyieldedsignificantbenefitinthiscancertypeand,accordingly,none hasenteredroutineclinicalpractice. Obviously,abetterunderstandingofthebiologyofurothelialcarcinomaisafundamen- tal prerequisite to develop more appropriate approaches for therapy. Another evident key issuefor thisheterogeneousdiseaseisthedevelopmentofbiomarkers,especiallyfor moni- toringfollowinginitialtherapyandforprognosticationofitsprogressionrisk.Forurothelial carcinoma, analysis of urine offers a unique access. A third important issue is prevention, which could be improved by further insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Prevention may be neglected in cancer research in general, but this would be particularly ironic in the case of urothelial carcinoma, where specific chemical carcinogens have been knowntobeinvolvedfor manyyears. It has been felt by many that, like progress in its treatment, research on urothelial carcinoma was proceeding at a much too slow pace. Fortunately, now, it has reached a turning point. To some extent, this development owes to the outpour of data from large- scalehigh-throughputinvestigations,asinother tumor types.Nevertheless,largeamounts ofdataobtainedbygenericapproachesprovideonlythebasisforinvestigations.Inorderto translateinsightsintopathomechanismsandapplicationindiagnosticsandtherapy,further dedicatedandspecificanalysestailoredtotheparticulardiseasearecrucial.Asdocumented by this volume, these are forthcoming in urothelial carcinoma. Based on these considera- tions, in addition to standard techniques for the characterization of urothelial carcinoma, methods to investigate mechanisms of carcinogenesis constitute one focus of this volume. Another main focus is on cellular and animal models for urothelial carcinoma and related diseases. The fourth major section comprises molecular analyses from body fluids, but especiallyfromurine.Newapproachestotherapyconstitutethefinalsection. v vi Preface We hope that the concepts and techniques described in this volume will contribute to thecurrentupturninresearchonurothelialcarcinomaandtotheapplicationofitsresultsin clinical practice. Moreover, we are confident that many techniques described here in the context of urothelial carcinoma may be valuable also for colleagues whose research aims at better understanding,prevention,diagnostics,andtreatmentofothercancers. Du€sseldorf,Germany WolfgangA.Schulz Miche`leJ.Hoffmann Gu€nterNiegisch Contents Preface ..................................................................... v Contributors................................................................. xi PART I MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION 1 AnalysisofChromosomalAlterationsinUrothelialCarcinoma ............... 3 DonatellaConconiandAngelaBentivegna 2 AnalysisofPointMutationsinClinicalSamplesofUrothelialCarcinoma ...... 19 MustafaAlamyarandEllenC.Zwarthoff 3 AVersatileAssayforDetectionofAberrantDNAMethylation inBladderCancer....................................................... 29 StellaTommasiandAhmadBesaratinia 4 ImmunohistochemicalAnalysisofUrothelialCarcinomaTissues forProliferationandDifferentiationMarkers............................... 43 MichaelRoseandNadineT.Gaisa 5 MolecularSubtypeProfilingofUrothelialCarcinoma UsingaSubtype-SpecificImmunohistochemistryPanel...................... 53 GottfridSj¨odahl PART II UROTHELIAL CARCINOGENESIS 6 DefiningthePathwaysofUrogenitalSchistosomiasis-Associated UrothelialCarcinogenesisthroughTransgenicandBladderWallEgg InjectionModels........................................................ 67 EvaristusC.MbanefoandMichaelH.Hsieh 7 Algorithmfor theAutomatedEvaluationofNAT2Genotypes ............... 77 GeorgMichael,RicardaThier,MeinolfBlaszkewicz, SilviaSelinski,andKlausGolka 8 DetectionofAPOBEC3ProteinsandCatalyticActivity inUrothelialCarcinoma ................................................. 97 AnandaAyyappanJaguvaVasudevan,WolfgangGoering, DieterHa€ussinger,andCarstenMu€nk 9 OxidativeStressinUrothelialCarcinogenesis:Measurements ofProteinCarbonylationandIntracellularProductionofReactive OxygenSpecies......................................................... 109 PatcharawalaiWhongsiri,SuchittraPhoyen,andChanchaiBoonla vii viii Contents PART III CELLULAR AND ANIMAL MODELS 10 UrothelialCarcinomaStemCells:CurrentConcepts,Controversies, andMethods........................................................... 121 JiriHatina,HamendraSinghParmar,MichaelaKripnerova, AnastasiaHepburn,andRakeshHeer 11 InVitroDifferentiationandPropagationofUrothelium fromPluripotentStemCellLines......................................... 137 StephanieL.OsbornandEricA.Kurzrock 12 SpheroidCulturesofPrimaryUrothelialCancerCells: CancerTissue-OriginatedSpheroid(CTOS)Method ....................... 145 TakahiroYoshida,HiroakiOkuyama,HirokoEndo,andMasahiroInoue 13 TheN-butyl-N-4-hydroxybutylNitrosamineMouseUrinary BladderCancerModel................................................... 155 PaulaA.Oliveira,Ca´rmenVasconcelos-No´brega,RuiM.GildaCosta, andReginaArantes-Rodrigues 14 Patient-DerivedBladderCancerXenografts................................ 169 CarinaBernardoandLu´cioLaraSantos 15 OrthotopicMouseModelsofUrothelialCancer............................ 177 WolfgangJa€ger,IgorMoskalev,PeterRaven,AkihiroGoriki, SamirBidnur,andPeterC.Black PART IV BIOMARKERS 16 QuantificationofMicroRNAsinUrine-DerivedSpecimens .................. 201 SusanneFuessel,AndreaLohse-Fischer,DanaVuVan,KarstenSalomo, KatiErdmann,andManfredP.Wirth 17 QuantitativeRNAAnalysisfromUrineUsingRealTimePCR ............... 227 LourdesMengualandMireiaOlivan 18 DNAMethylationAnalysisfromBodyFluids .............................. 239 DimoDietrich 19 UrinaryProteinMarkersfor theDetectionandPrognostication ofUrothelialCarcinoma................................................. 251 TiborSzarvas,Pe´terNyira´dy,TakashiKobayashi,OsamuOgawa, CharlesJ.Rosser,andHidekiFuruya 20 IsolationandCharacterizationofCTCsfromPatientswithCancer ofaUrothelialOrigin ................................................... 275 VladimirBobekandKatarinaKolostova Contents ix PART V THERAPY DEVELOPMENT 21 EpigeneticTreatmentOptionsinUrothelialCarcinoma ..................... 289 MariaPinkerneil,Miche`leJ.Hoffmann,andGu€nterNiegisch 22 EvaluationofProteinLevelsoftheReceptorTyrosine KinaseErbB3inSerum.................................................. 319 LeandroS.D’Abronzo,Chong-XianPan,andParamitaM.Ghosh 23 TargetingthePI3K/AKT/mTORPathwayinBladderCancer ............... 335 AnujaSatheandRomanNawroth 24 VisualizationandQuantitativeMeasurementofDrug-Induced PlatinumAdductsintheNuclearDNAofIndividualCells byanImmuno-CytologicalAssay......................................... 351 MargaritaMelnikovaandJu€rgenThomale Index ...................................................................... 359 Contributors MUSTAFAALAMYAR (cid:1) DepartmentofPathology,ErasmusMC,Rotterdam,TheNetherlands REGINAARANTES-RODRIGUES (cid:1) DepartmentofVeterinarySciences,UniversityofTra´s-os- MontesandAltoDouro(UTAD),VilaReal,Portugal;Center for theResearchand TechnologyofAgro-EnvironmentalandBiologicalSciences(CITAB),VilaReal,Portugal ANGELABENTIVEGNA (cid:1) SchoolofMedicineandSurgery,UniversityofMilano-Bicocca, Monza(MB),Italy CARINABERNARDO (cid:1) ExperimentalPathologyandTherapeuticsGroup—ResearchCenter, PortugueseOncologyInstitute—Porto(IPO-Porto),Porto,Portugal;Institutefor Biomedicine(IBiMED),UniversityofAveiro,Porto,Portugal AHMADBESARATINIA (cid:1) DepartmentofPreventiveMedicine,USCKeckSchoolofMedicine, UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA SAMIRBIDNUR (cid:1) DepartmentofUrologicSciences,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver, BC,Canada PETERC.BLACK (cid:1) DepartmentofUrologicSciences,UniversityofBritishColumbia, Vancouver,BC,Canada MEINOLFBLASZKEWICZ (cid:1) LeibnizResearchCentreforWorkingEnvironmentandHuman FactorsatTUDortmund(IfADo),Dortmund,Germany VLADIMIRBOBEK (cid:1) DepartmentofLaboratoryGenetics,UniversityHospitalKralovske Vinohrady,Prague,CzechRepublic CHANCHAIBOONLA (cid:1) DepartmentofBiochemistry,FacultyofMedicine,Chulalongkorn University,Bangkok,Thailand DONATELLACONCONI (cid:1) SchoolofMedicineandSurgery,UniversityofMilano-Bicocca, Monza(MB),Italy RUIM.GILDACOSTA (cid:1) DepartmentofVeterinarySciences,UniversityofTra´s-os-Montes andAltoDouro(UTAD),VilaReal,Portugal;Center for theResearchandTechnology ofAgro-EnvironmentalandBiologicalSciences(CITAB),VilaReal,Portugal LEANDROS.D’ABRONZO (cid:1) VANorthernCaliforniaHealthCareSystem,University ofCaliforniaatDavis,Sacramento,CA,USA;DepartmentofUrology, UniversityofCaliforniaatDavis,Sacramento,CA,USA DIMODIETRICH (cid:1) InstituteofPathology,UniversityHospitalofBonn,Bonn,Germany; DepartmentofOtolaryngology,HeadandNeckSurgery,UniversityHospitalBonn, Bonn,Germany HIROKOENDO (cid:1) DepartmentofBiochemistry,OsakaInternationalCancerInstitute, Osaka,Japan KATIERDMANN (cid:1) DepartmentofUrology,TechnischeUniversita€tDresden,Dresden,Germany SUSANNEFUESSEL (cid:1) DepartmentofUrology,TechnischeUniversita€tDresden,Dresden, Germany HIDEKI FURUYA (cid:1) ClinicalandTranslationalResearchProgram,UniversityofHawaii CancerCenter,Honolulu,HI,USA NADINET.GAISA (cid:1) InstituteofPathology,RWTHAachenUniversity,Aachen,Germany PARAMITAM.GHOSH (cid:1) VANorthernCaliforniaHealthCareSystem,University ofCaliforniaatDavis,Sacramento,CA,USA;DepartmentofUrology,University ofCaliforniaatDavis,Sacramento,CA,USA;DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecular xi
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