Urologic Surgical Pathology: Expert Consult 3e PDF
Preview Urologic Surgical Pathology: Expert Consult 3e
Urologic Surgical Pathology T h i r d E d i t i o n Urologic Surgical Pathology David G. Bostwick, MD, MBA Chief Medical Officer Bostwick Laboratories Glen Allen, Virginia United States Liang Cheng, MD Professor of Pathology and Urology Chief of Genitourinary Pathology Division Director of Fellowship in Urologic Pathology Director of Molecular Diagnostics Service Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana United States 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 UROLOGIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY ISBN: 978-1-4557-4327-8 Copyright © 2014, 2006, 1998 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies, and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods, they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. ISBN: 978-1-4557-4327-8 Executive Content Strategist: William Schmitt Content Development Specialist: Lisa Barnes Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter Senior Project Manager: Doug Turner Design Direction: Louis Forgione Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors Mahul B. Amin, MD Robert E. Emerson, MD Professor and Chairman Associate Professor Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Indiana University School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Indianapolis, Indiana United States United States Alberto G. Ayala, MD Pilar González-Peramato, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology Associate Professor of Pathology Weill Medical College of Cornell University Department of Pathology Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine University Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine Houston Methodist Hospital Section of Genitourinary Pathology Ashbel-Smith Professor Emeritus of Pathology Staff Pathologist The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Pathology Houston, Texas Hospital La Paz United States Madrid, Spain Stephen M. Bonsib Deloar Hossain, MD Nephropathologist Director of Cytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics Nephropath Bostwick Laboratories Little Rock, Arkansas Glen Allen, Virginia United States United States David G. Bostwick, MD, MBA David Hull, MD Chief Medical Officer Medical Director Bostwick Laboratories Bostwick Laboratories Glen Allen, Virginia Glen Allen, Virginia United States United States Liang Cheng, MD Kyu-Rae Kim, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology and Urology Professor of Pathology Chief of Genitourinary Pathology Division Department of Pathology Director of Fellowship in Urologic Pathology The University of Ulsan College of Medicine Director of Molecular Diagnostics Service Asian Medical Center Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Seoul, South Korea Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana Ernest E. Lack, MD United States Senior Consulting Pathologist Joint Pathology Center Mukul Divatia, MD Silver Spring, Maryland Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine United States Houston Methodist Hospital Weill Medical College of Cornell University Antonio Lopez-Beltran, MD, PhD Houston, Texas Professor of Pathology United States Cordoba University School of Medicine Cordoba, Spain v Jun Ma, MD Ricardo Paniagua, MD, PhD Associate Medical Director Professor of Cell Biology Bostwick Laboratories Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Glen Allen, Virginia University of Alcalá United States Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain Gregory T. MacLennan, MD Professor of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology Andrew A. Renshaw, MD Division Chief of Anatomic Pathology Staff Pathologist Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Department of Pathology University Hospitals Case Medical Center Baptist Hospital of Miami Cleveland, Ohio Miami, Florida United States United States Isabelle Meiers, MD Victor E. Reuter, MD Medical Director Professor of Pathology Bostwick Laboratories Weill Medical College of Cornell University London, United Kingdom Attending Pathologist and Vice-Chair Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Rodolfo Montironi, MD New York, New York Professor of Pathology United States Head of Genitourinary Cancer Program Section of Pathological Anatomy Jae Y. Ro, MD, PhD Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Professor Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona) Weill Medical College of Cornell University Torrette, Ancona New York, New York Italy Director of Surgical Pathology Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine Manuel Nistal, MD, PhD Houston Methodist Hospital Professor of Histology Houston, Texas Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience United States University Autonoma de Madrid School of Medicine Head of Service of Pathology Thomas M. Ulbright, MD Department of Pathology Lawrence M. Roth Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Hospital La Paz Medicine Madrid, Spain Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Edina Paal, MD Pathologist Assistant Professor Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine The George Washington University Indiana University Health Pathology Laboratory Staff Pathologist Indianapolis, Indiana Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service United States Veterans Administration Medical Center Washington, District of Columbia Robert H. Young, MD United States Robert E. Scully Professor of Pathology Harvard Medical School Pathologist James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts United States vi Preface The third edition of Urologic Surgical Pathology represents a new biomarkers for prostate cancer are gaining clinical substantial revision, with color images, new contributors, acceptance, including PCA3, sarcosine, pro-PSA, mitochon- and major updates in knowledge that reflect recent advances drial DNA testing, and gene expression profiles derived from in urologic pathology. Retained is the original core team of genomic studies. Classification of testicular tumors and participating world-class urologic pathologists who have related disorders increasingly relies on select biomarkers. made this the best-selling text in the field from its inception. Arguably, the past few years have been the most exciting and Also retained is the commitment to providing the most orga- productive period ever for biomarker discovery in support of nized, complete, and practical information for the practicing tissue diagnosis, and these advances are included in the pathologist. Our text is aimed primarily at practicing surgical current text, with an emphasis on practical applications. pathologists, but it also should be valuable to medical stu- The editors are deeply grateful to Tracey Bender at Indiana dents, internists, urologists, oncologists, and other medical University for her outstanding assistance in every step of the specialists. editorial process. We are also indebted to the dedicated and Significant progress has been made in urologic pathology critical team from Elsevier who assisted in every aspect of the since the release of the previous edition. Genetic informa- creation of this text, including William Schmitt, Lisa Barnes, tion has transformed virtually all aspects of pathology, Doug Turner, and Rebecca Gruliow. including the evaluation of the four main organs in urologic Our contributing pathology colleagues were invaluable in pathology (i.e., kidney, bladder, prostate, and testis). The the creation of the third edition. These authors, many of classification of renal tumors has undergone a renaissance whom returned from previous editions to update and refine in a few short years, resulting in genetic validation of mul- their chapters, represent a veritable who’s who of urologic tiple new and clinically important subtypes, including pathologists. Each of these authors, both returning and new, the category of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, deserves significant credit for the quality of the text. Finally, tubulocystic renal cell carcinoma, acquired cystic disease– we are grateful to our colleagues and readers for their con- associated renal cell carcinoma, and others. Prediction of structive criticism and advice regarding past editions. outcome after definitive treatment of bladder cancer increas- ingly relies on molecular signatures. TMPRSS2-ERG gene David G. Bostwick, MD, MBA fusion is now employed for analysis of select prostate cancers; Liang Cheng, MD this remarkable family of gene fusions, discovered less than October 2013 a decade ago, is now routinely used. Similarly, a number of vii Tubulointerstitial disease 46 CHAPTER OUTLINE Acute and chronic renal failure 47 Embryologic development and normal structure 3 Acute tubular injury (necrosis) 47 Pronephros 3 Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis 48 Mesonephros 3 Herbal remedies and slimming agents and aristocholic acid Metanephros 4 nephropathy 50 Nephron differentiation 6 Immunoglobulin G4–related sclerosing tubulointerstitial nephritis 50 Gross anatomy 7 Analgesic nephropathy 51 Microscopic anatomy 10 Bacterial infection–associated tubulointerstitial disease 52 Parenchymal maldevelopment and cystic kidney Viral infections 55 diseases 11 Granulomatous tubulointerstitial disease 56 Abnormalities in form and position 12 Metabolic abnormalities, heavy metals, and crystal- Abnormalities in mass and number 14 associated tubulointerstitial diseases 59 Renal dysplasia 19 Heavy metals 59 Polycystic kidney disease 23 Hypercalcemic nephropathy 59 Cystic diseases (without dysplasia) in hereditary syndromes 26 Nephrolithiasis 60 Miscellaneous diseases 31 Oxalate-associated renal disease 60 Vascular diseases 33 Cystinosis 62 Hypertension-associated renal disease 33 Uric acid–associated renal disease 63 Thrombotic microangiopathy 35 Amyloidosis and paraprotein-associated Renal artery stenosis 36 tubulointerstitial disease 64 Renal artery dissection 40 Amyloidosis 64 Renal artery aneurysm 40 Light chain cast nephropathy 66 Arteriovenous malformation and fistula 41 Immunoglobulin and light chain deposition disease 66 Renal emboli and infarcts 41 Light chain proximal tubulopathy 67 Renal cortical necrosis 42 Crystal-storing histiocytosis 68 Renal papillary necrosis 43 Renal transplantation 68 Renal cholesterol microembolism syndrome 43 Rejection 68 Renal artery thrombosis 44 T-cell–mediated rejection 68 Renal vein and renal venous thrombosis 44 Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity 72 Bartter syndrome 45 Vasculitis 45 CHAPTER 1 Nonneoplastic diseases of the kidney Stephen M. Bonsib Study with me, then, a few things in the spirit of truth alone so we may establish the manner of Nature’s operation. For this essay which I plan, will shed light upon the structure of the kidney. Do not stop to question whether these ideas are new or old, but ask, more properly, whether they harmonize with Nature. I never reached my idea of the structure of the kidney by the aid of books, but by the long and varied use of the microscope. I have gotten the rest by the deductions of reason, slowly, and with an open mind, as is my custom.1 Marcello Malpighi, 1666 CHAPTER 1: Nonneoplastic diseases of the kidney In keeping with the spirit of Marcello Malpighi, this chapter also aspires to reveal “the manner of Nature’s operations” as it affects the kidney.1 However, unlike Malpighi, today’s knowledge draws extensively upon the labors, discoveries, and insights of investigators of the past 4 centuries. Knowledge of the normal structure and function of the kidney has been acquired over centuries of scholarly effort. We have come a long way since Aristotle taught that urine was formed by the bladder and that kidneys were present “not of actual necessity, but as matters of greater finish and perfection.”1 The foundation of urology was established in the sixteenth century by Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius, who provided the first accurate and detailed drawings of the female and male genitourinary tracts (Fig. 1-1).2,3 More than 300 years passed before William Bowman, in 1842, coupled intravascular dye injection with microscopic examination to demonstrate the structural organization of the nephron and its vascular supply (Fig. 1-2).4,5 Bowman’s observations pro- vided morphologic support for Malpighi’s seventeenth- century speculation of a filtration function for the malpighian Fig. 1-1 Vesalius’ anatomic illustration of the male genitourinary tract published in 1543. Note that the left kidney is incorrectly placed lower than the right. (From Murphy LJT [ed]. The history of urology. Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, 1972; with permission.) A B Fig. 1-2 A and B, William Bowman’s illustration of the vascular supply to glomeruli and the relationship of the efferent arteriole to the convoluted tubules. (From Bowman W. On the structure and use of the malpighian bodies of the kidney, with observations on the circulation through that gland. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol 1842;132:57; with permission.) 2
The list of books you might like
