Urban Water Management for Future Cities: Technical and Institutional Aspects from Chinese and German Perspective PDF
Preview Urban Water Management for Future Cities: Technical and Institutional Aspects from Chinese and German Perspective
Future City 12 Stephan Köster Moritz Reese Jiane Zuo Editors Urban Water Management for Future Cities Technical and Institutional Aspects from Chinese and German Perspective Future City Volume 12 Advisory Boards Jack Ahern, University of Massachusetts, Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, Amherst, MA, USA John Bolte, Oregon State University, Biological & Ecological Engineering Department, Corvallis, OR, USA Richard J. Dawson, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, School of Civil Engineering &: Geosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Patrick Devine-Wright, University of Manchester, School of Environment and Development, Manchester School of Architecture, Manchester, UK Almo Farina, University of Urbino, Institute of Biomathematics, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Urbino, Italy Raymond James Green, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Architecture, Building & Planning, Parkville, VIC, Australia Glenn R. Guntenspergen, National Resources Research Institute, US Geological Survey, Duluth, MN, USA Dagmar Haase, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Department of Computational Landscape Ecology, Leipzig, Germany Mike Jenks, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford Institute of Sustainable Development, Department of Architecture, Oxford, UK Cecil Konijnendijk van den Konijnendijk, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Landscape Architecture, Planning and Management, Alnarp, Sweden Joan Nassauer, University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Landscape Ecology, Perception and Design Lab, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Stephan Pauleit, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Chair for Strategic Landscape Planning and Management, Freising, Germany Steward Pickett, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA Robert Vale, Victoria University of Wellington, School of Architecture and Design, Wellington, New Zealand Ken Yeang, Llewelyn Davies Yeang, London, United Kingdom Makoto Yokohari, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Sciences, Institute of Environmental Studies, Department of Natural Environment, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan Future City Description As of 2008, for the first time in human history, half of the world’s population now live in cities. And with concerns about issues such as climate change, energy supply and environmental health receiving increasing political attention, interest in the sustainable development of our future cities has grown dramatically. Yet despite a wealth of literature on green architecture, evidence-based design and sustainable planning, only a fraction of the current literature successfully integrates the necessary theory and practice from across the full range of relevant disciplines. Springer’s Future City series combines expertise from designers, and from natural and social scientists, to discuss the wide range of issues facing the architects, planners, developers and inhabitants of the world’s future cities. Its aim is to encourage the integration of ecological theory into the aesthetic, social and practical realities of contemporary urban development. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8178 Stephan Köster • Moritz Reese • Jiane Zuo Editors Urban Water Management for Future Cities Technical and Institutional Aspects from Chinese and German Perspective Editors Stephan Köster Moritz Reese Institute of Sanitary Engineering Department of Environmental and Waste Management and Planning Law Leibniz University Hannover Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Hanover, Germany Research Leipzig, Germany Jiane Zuo School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing, China ISSN 1876-0899 ISSN 1876-0880 (electronic) Future City ISBN 978-3-030-01487-2 ISBN 978-3-030-01488-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01488-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018962554 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover image: Qunli Stromwater Park, Turenscape, courtesy of Turenscape (www.turenscape.com) Cover (key designer): Deblik, Berlin This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface “Water in the city” has become a key theme of sustainable urban development. This holds especially true with regard to fast-growing mega-agglomerations where requirements of sustainable water management have often been neglected in the past and infrastructures are thus under considerable “sustainability pressure.” When it comes to tackling these challenges and developing sustainable urban water solu- tions, China is certainly a hot spot with its rapidly growing agglomerations and an equally dynamic technologic and scientific development. Like no other country in the world, China combines high urbanization pressures with brisk technological development. China’s cities will hence serve, in many regards, as examples and test cases on our global quest for sustainable megacity solutions. With regard to rainwa- ter management, for instance, China has become a pioneer in implementing the so- called “Sponge City” concept by integrating innovative retention, drainage, and reservoir technologies systematically into the urban context. From a European and German perspective, there is, of course, a strong interest to participate in this excit- ing development in terms of both research and applied technology – most notably also in the water sector. Against this backdrop and in order to intensify R&D cooperation, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) has sought close collabora- tion with the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (MOST) and linked a comprehensive funding program to sustainable water man- agement directly to the vast Chinese water research program (Mega Water Program). This “mega-water cooperation” with its three major projects SINOWATER, URBAN CATCHMENTS, and SIGN (see sino-german-major-water.net), and in particular the SIGN subprojects, which deal with urban water management, is forming the framework of the collaborative research presented in the present volume. It is an important specialty of both the above research cooperation and this vol- ume that the urban water challenges are viewed from a multidisciplinary perspec- tive including the various technical aspects and engineering approaches – in the first part of the book – but also the seminal challenges regarding urban water governance in its second part. The contributions related to urban water governance demonstrate v vi Preface the great significance of legal, financial, organizational, and capacity-related features of urban water management. These contributions also show that China acknowl- edges the need to foster developments in these regards, too, and they display a large variety of development options. All in all, we believe that this book is presenting a strong basis for further research, development, and international exchange. It takes stock of the state of affairs and research with regard to urban water management, and it provides both a firm basis and rich inspiration for further collaboration in our global quest for sus- tainable urban water management. As editors we wish to thank all authors for their excellent collaboration and for the exciting and fruitful exchange in the preparation of this book and in the frame of the underlying research project. As to both the organization of the collaborative research and the preparation of this book, we owe special thanks to our research assistants Meiyue Zhou, Ting Feng, and Baixin Shen. This work would not have been possible without their strong commitment and manifold support. Hanover, Germany Stephan Köster Leipzig, Germany Moritz Reese Beijing, China Jiane Zuo January 2019 Book Abstract For several decades now, China has been experiencing rapid industrialization and urbanization. Water infrastructures, however, were often incrementally amended but not systematically developed to cope with steeply increasing demand, wastewa- ter volume, and rainwater runoff from ever more sealed area. As a consequence, many cities are increasingly troubled by water shortage, severe surface- and ground- water quality problems, and pluvial floods. Climate change is often worsening the situation. It is apparent that water infrastructures and management systems are not meeting sustainability requirements and need further development in many cases. Against that backdrop, this book features expert contributions on key sustain- ability aspects of urban water management in Chinese agglomerations. Both techni- cal and institutional pathways to sustainable urban water management are developed on the basis of a broad, interdisciplinary problem analysis. This analysis includes a comparative approach with Chinese experiences being reflected from the perspective of German experiences and experts, respectively. The contributions present the results of a great interdisciplinary and comparative research effort made in the frame of a Sino-German Mega Water Project “SIGN” (http://www.water-sign.de and http://sino-german-major-water.net/de/projekte/sign/). The book is addressed to urban water managers and scholars in their quest for sus- tainable water infrastructure for future megacities – in China and beyond. Unique Selling Points – Offers a platform to understanding China’s featured urban water management challenges – Provides lessons and inspiring experiences for other fast-developing countries, via comprehensively analyzing China’s urban water issues – Raises awareness in interdisciplinary/cross-boundary/international cooperation on handling the complex urban water management challenges vii Contents Part I I nnovative Technologies and Implementation: Urban Planning and Urban Water Management Urban Stormwater Management and Sponge City Concept in China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Wu Che and Wei Zhang Maintenance and Safety of Sponge City Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Stephan Köster Future-oriented Strategic Planning of Wastewater Treatment Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Nina Manig, Maike Beier, and Karl-Heinz Rosenwinkel Part II I nnovative Technologies and Implementation: Drinking Water Supply Urban Drinking Water Challenges and Solutions: Energy Nexus . . . . . . . . 71 Kate Smith, Ying Liu, and Shuming Liu Fostering Water Treatment in Eutrophic Areas: Innovative Water Quality Monitoring, and Technologies Mitigating Taste & Odor Problems Demonstrated at Tai Hu . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Stephan Küppers, Daqiang Yin, Binghui Zheng, and Andreas Tiehm Part III Innovative Technologies and Implementation: Urban Drainage and Rainwater Management Preventive and Customized Maintenance of Underground Water Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Fangfang Zhao, Regina Haußmann, and Johannes Pinnekamp ix x Contents Implementing Real Time Control Systems to Minimize Emissions from the Sewer System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Michael Pabst Wetland Ecological Restoration Using Near-Natural Method . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Chun Ye and Chun-Hua Li Urban Flood Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Marc Illgen and Holger Ackermann Urban Pipe Assessment Method and Its Application in Two Chinese Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Jiane Zuo Part IV I nnovative Technologies and Implementation: Wastewater Disposal Special Issues of Wastewater Management in China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Max Dohmann Part V Urban Water Governance: Overarching and Methodological Aspects Urban Water Governance in Europe and in China: Key Challenges, Benchmarks and Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Moritz Reese Sustainable Water Resource Management in China – Reflections from a Comparative Governance Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Martin Grambow, Markus Disse, Ke Chen, Hannah Patalong, and Hans-Dietrich Uhl Cross-boundary Evolution of Urban Planning and Urban Drainage Towards the Water Sensitive “Sponge City” . . . . . . . 303 Meiyue Zhou, Stephan Köster, Jiane Zuo, Wu Che, and Xianping Wang Part VI U rban Water Governance: Regulatory and Organizational Framework China’s National Governance Framework for Urban Water Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Zhongmei Lv and Mingqing You Regional Water Policy in China – Problems and Approaches in the Taihu und Wuhan Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Liping Dai and Tianbao Qin
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