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Urban Runoff Pollution NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht Boston and Lancaster D Behavioural and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Social Sciences Boston, The Hague, Dordrecht and Lancaster E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer-Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo G Ecological Sciences Series G: Ecological Sciences Vol. 10 Urban Runoff Pollution Edited by Harry C, Torno Senior Staff Engineer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board (A-1 01-F), Washington, D.C. 20460, USA Jiri Marsalek Research Scientist, National Water Research Institute 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7R4A6, Canada Michel Desbordes Maitre de Conferences, Laboratoire d'Hydrologie Mathematique Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc F-34060 Montpellier Cedex, France Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Urban Runoff Pollution" held at the Hotel Frantel, Montpellier, France, August 26-30, 1985 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Urban runoff pollution. (NATO ASI series. Series G, Ecological sciences; vol. 10) Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Urban Runoff Pollution," held Aug. 26-30, 1985, Montpellier, France, sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Includes indexes. 1. Urban runoff-Congresses. 2. Water quality management-Congresses. I. Torno, Harry C.II. Marsalek, Jiri, 1940-.111. Desbordes, Michel, 1943-. IV. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Urban Runoff Pollution" (1985 : Montpellier, France) V. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. VI. Series: NATO ASI series. Series G, Ecological sciences; no. 10. TD657.U751986 628.1'6886-3930 ISBN-\3: 978-3-642-70891-6 e-ISBN-\3: 978-3-642-70889-3 DOl: 10.1 007/978-3-642-70889-3 This work is subjectto copyright. All rights are reserved, whetherthe whole or part of ihe material is concerned, specifically those of translating, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcastings, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to "Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986 Sof'tcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 2131/3140-543210 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• IX FOREWORD •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• XI Chapter I POLLUTIONAL ASPECTS OF URBAN RUNOFF Pollutional Aspects of Urban Runoff •••••••••••••••• 1 J. Bryan Ellis Toxic Contaminants in Urban Runoff: A Case Study 39 J. Marsalek Solids, Nutrients and Chlorides in Urban Runoff •••• 59 D. Waller and W. C. Hart Discussion 87 Chapter II FIELD STUDIES OF URBAN RUNOFF QUALITY Field Studies of Urban Runoff Quality •••••••••••••• 89 P.-A. Malmquist Use of Field Data in Urban Drainage Planning ••••••• 103 W. Geiger Design of Data Collection Systems •••••••••••••••••• 127 M. Terstriep Data Evaluation in Field Studies of Urban Runoff Quality: Aspects of Assessing the Measurement Interval ........................................... 147 F. H. M. van de Ven Discussion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 163 VI Chapter III DETERMINISTIC MODELING OF RUNOFF PROCESSES Deterministic Modeling of Urban Runoff Quality •••• 167 W. Huber Continuous Mass-Balance of Pollutant Build-Up Processes ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 243 W. James and S. Boregowda Discussion 273 Chapter IV STATISTICALLY-BASED MODELING OF URBAN RUNOFF PROCESSES Statistically Based Modelling of Urban Runoff Quality: State of the Art •••••••••••••••••••••••• 277 J.-C. Hemain A Statistical Methodology for the Assessment of Water Quality Effects of Storm Water Discharges ••• 305 R. T. J. M. van der Heijden, L. Lijklema and R. H. Alderink TSS, BOD5 and COD Accumulation and Transport Over Urban Catchment Surfaces: A Modelling Approach •••• 325 E. Servat Discussion 343 Chapter V CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT IMPACTS ON RECEIVING WATERS Conventional Pollutant Impacts on Receiving Waters 345 T. Hvitved-Jacobsen Measured CSO Contribution to River Quality Deterioration and Methodologic Approach for Negative Influence Evaluation ••••••••••••••••••••• 379 J.-P. Villeneuve and P. Lavallee Discussion 419 Chapter VI TOXIC POLLUTANT IMPACTS ON RECEIVING WATERS Toxic Pollutants: Impact and Fate in Receiving Waters ••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 423 R. Ferrara Aquatic Fate and Transport Modeling Techniques for predicting Environmental Exposure to Organic pesticides and Other Toxicants - A Comparative Study ............................................. 463 L. A. Mulkey, R. B. Ambrose and T. O. Barnwell Discussion ...........••........................... 497 VII Chapter VII RECEIVING WATER MODELING State-of-the-Art, Physically-Based and Statistically-Based Water Quality Modeling •••••••• 499 M. A. Medina Eutrophication Modelling of Small Urban Lakes ••••• 587 B. N. Jacobsen and N. Nyholm Realistic Water Quality Modeling •••••••••••••••••• 621 L. A. Roesner, R. Walton and J. P. Hartigan Continuous Simulation Models to Evaluate Urban Drainage Impacts in Ontario ••••••••••••••••••••••• 649 D. G. Weatherbe Discussion 675 Chapter VIII RUNOFF QUALITY MANAGEMENT Urban Stormwater Runoff Quality Management: Low Structurally Intensive Measures and Treatment ••••• 677 R. Field Structural Measures for Runoff Quality Management. 701 P. Stahre The Swirl Concentrator as an Urban Runoff Treatment Device •......•.......................... 713 E. Lygren and T. Damhaug A Conceptual Model Optimizing the Maintenance of Grit Chambers in Combined Sewers •••••••••••••••••• 725 D. Dartus and M. Alquier Standardization of Detention Pond Design for Phosphorous Removal ....•..•....................... 739 B. Urbonas Discussion 761 Chapter IX REAL-TIME CONTROL Urban Runoff Quality Management by Real-Time Control ........................................... 765 W. Schilling Performance of Hardware Components for Real Time Management of Sewer Systems ••••••••••••••••••••••• 819 J. M. Delattre, A. Bachoc and G. Jacquet Operational Algorithms for Application in Real-Time Control of Combined Sewer Systems ••••••••••••••••• 843 G. G. Patry Discussion ........................................ 869 VIII Chapter X FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS Future Research Needs ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 873 H. C. Torno LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 881 AUTHOR INDEX 887 SUBJECT INDEX 889 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Workshop was one of a series of Advanced Research Work shops sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and their assis tance is gratefully acknowledged. The Workshop organizers would like to express their sincere appreciation to the other organizations who provided financial and administrative support, without which the Workshop would not have been a success. The following organizations in France provided substantial funding support, in addition to contrib uting materially to the Workshop in the form of papers and discussion from members of their staff: Plan Urbain 64, rue de la Federation 75015 Paris universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc place Eugene Bataillon 34060 Montpellier VERSEAU Laboratoire d'Hydrologie Mathematique universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc 34060 Montpellier Nancy Centre International de l'Eau 149, rue Gabriel 54500 Vandoeuvre Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Programme PIREN 15, quai Anatole France 75700 Paris Additional funding support for the travel of u. S. partici pants was received from the u. S. Environmental Protection Agency and the u. S. National Science Foundation. x Recognizing the need for a Workshop dealing exclusively with urban runoff pollution, the Council organized a NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Urban Runoff Pollution, held in Mont pellier, France, August 26-30, 1985. This book is the Pro ceedings of that Workshop. The organization of the Proceedings follows the agenda for the Workshop. For each major topic there is a review paper, accompanied by one or more papers on some specific aspect of the subject, and by a summary of the discussions which fol lowed the presentation of the papers. There is also a sum mary of research needs expressed by the participants. Each of the papers in the Workshop was reviewed and accepted for publication by the Workshop co-Chairmen, and represents ori ginal work by the author(s). We extend our sincere appreciation to all Workshop partici pants for their active and enthusiastic involvement and lively discussion. Special thanks go to the session leaders and to authors, who produced an outstanding set of papers on relatively short notice.
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