Urban Planning and Cultural Inclusion: Lessons from Belfast and Berlin (Anglo-German Foundation)

248 Pages·2001·3.19 MB·English

by  William V. J. Neill

Urban Planning and
Cultural Inclusion
Lessons from Belfast and Berlin
Edited by
William J.V. Neill and
Hanns-Uve Schwedler
neill/schwedler/94600/crc 6/2/01 12:03 pm Page 1
Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society
The Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society was estab-
lished by an agreement between the British and German governments after a
state visit to Britain by the late President Heinemann, and incorporated by Royal
Charter in 1973. Funds were initially provided by the German government; since
1979 both governments have been contributing.
The Foundation aims to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of
industrial society in the two countries and to promote contacts between them. It
funds selected research projects and conferences in the industrial, economic and
social policy areas designed to be of practical use to policy-makers.
Titles include:
Bernhard Blanke and Randall Smith (editors)
CITIES IN TRANSITION
New Challenges, New Responsibilities
John Bynner and Rainer K. Silbereisen (editors)
ADVERSITY AND CHALLENGE IN LIFE IN THE NEW GERMANY AND
IN ENGLAND
Maurie J. Cohen (editor)
RISK IN THE MODERN AGE
Social Theory, Science and Environmental Decision-Making
Dagmar Ebster-Grosz and Derek Pugh (editors)
ANGLO-GERMAN BUSINESS COLLABORATION
Pitfalls and Potentials
Rainer Emig (editor)
STEREOTYPES IN CONTEMPORARY ANGLO-GERMAN RELATIONS
Karen Evans, Martina Behrens and Jens Kaluza
LEARNING AND WORK IN THE RISK SOCIETY
Lessons for the Labour Markets of Europe from Eastern Germany
Stephen F. Frowen and Jens Hölscher (editors)
THE GERMAN CURRENCY UNION OF 1990
A Critical Assessment
Stephen F. Frowen and Francis P. McHugh (editors)
FINANCIAL COMPETITION, RISK AND ACCOUNTABILITY
British and German Experiences
Eva Kolinsky (editor)
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE FAMILY IN
POST-COMMUNIST GERMANY
Mairi Maclean and Jean-Marc Trouille (editors)
FRANCE, GERMANY AND BRITAIN
Partners in a Changing World
neill/schwedler/94600/crc 6/2/01 12:03 pm Page 2
William J. V. Neill and Hanns-Uve Schwedler (editors)
URBAN PLANNING AND CULTURAL INCLUSION
Lessons from Belfast and Berlin
Howard Williams, Colin Wight and Norbert Kapferer (editors)
POLITICAL THOUGHT AND GERMAN REUNIFICATION
The New German Ideology?
Anglo-German Foundation
Series Standing Order ISBN 0–333–71459–8
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with
your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above.
Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
neill/schwedler/94600/crc 6/2/01 12:03 pm Page 3
Urban Planning and
Cultural Inclusion
Lessons from Belfast and Berlin
Edited by
William J. V. Neill
Reader in Urban Planning
Queen’s University of Belfast
Northern Ireland
and
Hanns-Uve Schwedler
Managing Director of the European Academy of the Urban Environment
Berlin
Germany
neill/schwedler/94600/crc 6/2/01 12:03 pm Page 4
Editorial matter,selection and Chapter 14 © William J.V.Neill
and Hanns-Uve Schwedler 2001
Chapters 1 and 3 © William J.V.Neill 2001
Chapter 2 © Hanns-Uve Schwedler 2001
Chapter 6 © Sir Charles Brett 2001
Remaining chapters © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2001
All rights reserved.No reproduction,copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced,copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency,90 Tottenham Court
Road,London W1P 0LP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified
as the authors of this work in accordance with the
Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2001 by
PALGRAVE
Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire RG21 6XS and
175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVEis the new global academic imprint of
St.Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and
Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd).
ISBN 0–333–79368–4
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Urban planning and cultural inclusion :lessons from Belfast and
Berlin / edited by William J.V.Neill and Hanns-Uve Schwedler.
p.cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–333–79368–4
1.City planning—Northern Ireland—Belfast.2.City planning–
–Germany—Berlin.3.Multiculturalism—Northern Ireland–
–Belfast.4.Multiculturalism—Germany—Berlin.I.Neill,William
J.V.II.Schwedler,Hanns-Uve.
HT169.G72 B4948 2000
307.1'216'094167—dc21
00–066575
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd,Chippenham,Wiltshire
Contents
List of Figures and Table vii
List of Maps ix
Acknowledgements x
Foreword xi
Notes on the Contributors xiii
Part 1 Introduction 1
1 Memory, Spatial Planning and the Construction
of Cultural Identity in Belfast and Berlin – an Overview 3
William J.V. Neill
2 The Urban Planning Context in Berlin: a City Twice Unique 24
Hanns-Uve Schwedler
3 The Urban Planning Context in Belfast: a City Between
War and Peace 42
William J.V. Neill
Part II Spatial Planning and Urban Design in
Berlin and Belfast 55
4 A New Plan for Berlin’s Inner City: Planwerk Innenstadt 57
Wolfgang Süchting and Patrick Weiss
5 Struggle for the Inner City – a Plan Becomes a
Declaration of War 69
Simone Hain
6 Victorian and Edwardian Belfast: Preserving the Architectural
Legacy of the Inner City 85
Sir Charles Brett
7 Architectural Ambivalence: the Built Environment and
Cultural Identity in Belfast 100
Malachy McEldowney,Ken Sterrett and Frank Gaffikin
v
vi Contents
Part III Cultural Diversity in Berlin and Belfast:
Cultural Quarters within the City 119
8 Turkish Commercial and Business Activities in Berlin:
a Case of Organic Urban Development and Contact 121
Renate Müller
9 Contacts and Conflicts over Worship and Burial in the
Kreuzberg District of Berlin 134
Peter Heine
10 Remaking the City: the Role of Culture in Belfast 141
Frank Gaffikin , Michael Morrissey and Ken Sterrett
Part IV Promoting the City in Berlin and Belfast 163
11 The Variety of Identities –- Experiences from Berlin 165
Bernhard Schneider
12 Building a Shared Future: the Laganside Initiative in Belfast 177
Mike Smith and Kyle Alexander
13 The Culturally Inclusive City: the Belfast Potential 194
Bill Morrison
Part V Conclusion 205
14 Planning with an Ethic of Cultural Inclusion:
Lessons from Berlin and Belfast 207
William J.V. Neilland Hanns-Uve Schwedler
Bibliography 216
Index 224
List of Figures and Table
Figures
1.1 Parliament Buildings at Stormont, Belfast 15
6.1 The Albert Clock, long regarded as the centre of Belfast 86
6.2 Belfast City Hall completed in 1905, whose dome
superseded the Albert Clock as the centre of Belfast 87
6.3 Lanyon’s Warehouse in Bedford Street built about 1855,
demolished to make way for a 23-storey office block 90
6.4 Christ Church by William Farrell of 1833, burnt and
vandalised, a victim of the Troubles, awaiting possible
restoration 97
8.1 Model for physical expansion of Turkish commercial
activities in Berlin 124
8.2 Turkish economic activities in Berlin urban districts
(according to entries in the 1997 Turkish classified
directory) 129
8.3 Registration and de-registration of businesses 130
by Turkish people in Berlin from 1981 to 1996
11.1 Martin-Gropius-Bau 168
11.2 Brandenburg Gate placed in a new context 172
11.3 Wild boars and the pace of Berlin 173
11.4 More museums than rainy days 174
11.5 The Reichstag’s new dome 175
12.1 Belfast’s new Waterfront Hall, Hilton Hotel and
British Telecom Tower 183
12.2 Nightlife on Laganside 184
12.3 A wall mural in Cathedral Quarter 187
12.4 Belfast’s new ‘Salmon of Knowledge’ 188
13.1 A door remains tentatively open on one of Belfast’s
peacelines 198
13.2 Reaching across the divide in Derry/Londonderry 199
13.3 Royal Avenue: Belfast’s major Victorian thoroughfare,
circa 1908 200
13.4 The CastleCourt Shopping Centre on Belfast’s Royal
Avenue, circa 1994 201
vii
viii List of Figures and Table
Table
5.1 Crucial west–east differences in perception and
evaluation of the eastern inner city 79
List of Maps
2.1 Major urban development projects in Berlin 28
3.1 City of Belfast and wider urban area 43
3.2 Belfast’s peacelines 44
3.3 Belfast city centre 45
3.4 The cultural neutrality of shopping on Belfast’s
main shopping thoroughfare 48
4.1 Planwerk Innenstadt – a plan for the inner city 59
4.2 Central Berlin around 1940 64
4.3 Central Berlin around 1989 64
4.4 Central Berlin around 2010 64
8.1 Distribution of the Turkish population amongst the
urban districts (Bezirke) of the city 122
12.1 Laganside boundary in relation to the city centre 180
ix