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Urban Neighbourhood Formations: Boundaries, Narrations and Intimacies PDF

273 Pages·2020·8.689 MB·English
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Urban Neighbourhood Formations This book examines the formation of urban neighbourhoods in the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. It departs from ‘neighbourhoods’ to consider identity, coexistence, solidarity, and violence in relations to a place. Urban Neighbourhood Formations revolves around three major aspects of the making and unmaking of neighbourhoods: spatial and temporal boundaries of neighbourhoods, neighbourhoods as imagined and narrated entities, and neighbour­ hood as social relations. With extensive case studies from Johannesburg to Istanbul and from Jerusalem to Delhi, this volume shows how spatial amenities, immaterial processes of narrating and dreaming, and the lasting effect of intimacies and vio­ lence in a neighbourhood are intertwined and negotiated over time in the construc­ tion of moral orders, urban practices, and political identities at large. This book offers insights into neighbourhood formations in an age of constant mobility and helps us understand the grassroots-level dynamics of xenophobia and hostility, as much as welcoming and openness. It would be of interest for both academics and more general audiences, as well as for students of under­ graduate and postgraduate courses in urban studies and anthropology. Hilal Alkan is a research fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation at Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin. Her work focuses on charitable giving, migration, gender, and social welfare, through the lenses of anthropol­ ogy, citizenship studies, and urban studies. Her publications include ‘The Gift of Hospitality and (Un)welcoming Syrian Migrants in Turkey’, American Eth­ nologist (2019) and ‘The Sexual Politics of War: Reading the Kurdish Conflict through Images of Women’, Les Cahiers du CEDREF (2018). Nazan Maksudyan is Professor of History at the Freie Universität Berlin and a research associate at the Centre Marc Bloch, Berlin. Her research focuses on the history of children and youth, with special interest in gender, sexuality, edu­ cation, humanitarianism, and non-Muslims. Her publications include Women and the City, Women in the City: A Gendered Perspective on Ottoman Urban History, ed. (2014); Ottoman Children & Youth During WWI (2019), ‘Orphans, Cities, and the State: Vocational Orphanages (Islahhanes) and “Reform” in the Late Ottoman Urban Space’, IJMES 43 (2011). Routledge Studies in Urbanism and the City Balkanization and Global Politics Remaking Cities and Architecture Nikolina Bobic Cities and Dialogue The Public Life of Knowledge Jamie O’Brien The Walkable City Jennie Middleton Urban Restructuring, Power and Capitalism in the Tourist City Contested Terrains of Marrakesh Khalid Madhi Ethnic Spatial Segregation in European Cities Hans Skifter Andersen Big Data, Code and the Discrete City Shaping Public Realms Silvio Carta Neighbourhood Planning Place, Space and Politics Janet Banfield Urban Neighbourhood Formations Boundaries, Narrations and Intimacies Edited by Hilal Alkan and Nazan Maksudyan For more information about this series, please visit www.routledge.com/Routledge­ Studies-in-Urbanism-and-the-City/book-series/RSUC Urban Neighbourhood Formations Boundaries, Narrations and Intimacies Edited by Hilal Alkan and Nazan Maksudyan First published 2020 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2020 selection and editorial matter, Hilal Alkan and Nazan Maksudyan; individual chapters, the contributors The rights of Hilal Alkan and Nazan Maksudyan to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-367-25510-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-28814-2 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Swales & Willis, Exeter, Devon, UK Contents List of figures vii Editor and contributor biographies viii Acknowledgements xii Introduction 1 HILAL ALKAN AND NAZAN MAKSUDYAN PART I Borders: material, temporal and conceptual boundaries of neighbourhoods 15 1 What makes a township a neighbourhood? The case of Eldorado Park, Johannesburg 17 ALEX WAFER AND KHOLOFELO RAMEETSE 2 Killing time in a Roma neighbourhood: habitus and precariousness in a small town in Western Turkey 36 SEZAI OZAN ZEYBEK 3 Of Basti and bazaar: place-making and women’s lives in Nizamuddin, Delhi 52 SAMPRATI PANI PART II Stories: neighbourhoods as imagined and narrated entities 73 4 Two tales of a neighbourhood: Eyüp as a stage for the Ottoman conquest and Turkish War of Independence 75 ANNEGRET ROELCKE vi Contents 5 Past neighbourhoods: Palestinians and Jerusalem’s ‘enlarged Jewish Quarter’ 99 JOHANNES BECKER 6 Where is Alexandria? Myths of the city and the anti-city after cosmopolitanism 119 SAMULI SCHIELKE 7 Jerusalem’s lost heart: the rise and fall of the late Ottoman city centre 138 YAIR WALLACH PART III Intimacies: neighbourhoods as sources and objects of claim-making 159 8 Violence, temporality, and sociality: the case of a Kashmiri neighbourhood 161 AATINA NASIR MALIK 9 Syrian migration and logics of alterity in an Istanbul neighbourhood 180 HILAL ALKAN 10 Negotiating solidarity and conflict in and beyond the neighbourhood: the case of Gülsuyu-Gülensu, Istanbul 199 DERYA ÖZKAYA 11 Urban tectonics and lifestyles in motion: affective and spatial negotiations of belonging in Tophane, Istanbul 218 URSZULA EWA WOŹNIAK 12 The Basij of neighbourhood: techniques of government and local sociality in Bandar Abbas 237 AHMAD MORADI Index 257 Figures 1.1 Aerial view of part of Eldorado Park (police station in upper right quadrant) 28 2.1 Coffeehouse on New Year’s Eve 37 2.2 A day at the social services, waiting for the coal aid 42 4.1 Eyüp cemeteries before (above) and after (below) transformations by the Welfare Party-led Municipality of Eyüp 76 4.2 Beybaba cemetery street in 1919 (above) and in the mid-2000s (below) 78 4.3 Cover of the Municipality of Eyüp’s 2008 city guidebook 85 6.1 The Chinese Housing 120 6.2 The Corniche by Ramleh Station 125 6.3 Inland al-Mandara in the East of the City 134 7.1 Celebrations of the completion of the clock tower, 1907. On the right, the Sabil, built in 1901 142 7.2 The border walls in Mamilla 150 7.3 Old City Park, on the site of the former Ottoman post office, 2016 152 8.1 Martyr’s tap (Shaheed Nalq-e) in the memory of a neighbourhood militant 167 8.2 Graffiti on the wall of the shrine of Bah-ud-din Sahib 169 10.1 Gülsuyu-Gülensu 201 11.1 Logo of Gönülbağı Vakfı 228 11.2 Teahouse/AKP election information booth in Tophane 231 Editor and contributor biographies Hilal Alkan is a Georg Forster Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foun­ dation at the Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient. She received her PhD in Political Science from The Open University, UK. She was a EUME Fellow of Forum Transregionale Studien in Berlin in 2016–2017 and the receiver of Potsdam University’s Voltaire Award for Tolerance, Inter­ national Understanding and Respect for Tolerances in 2017. Her work focuses on charitable giving, migration, and social welfare, through the lenses of anthropology, citizenship studies, and urban studies. In her recent project called ‘The Dyad of Care and Discipline: Aiding Syrian Migrants in Turkey and Germany’, she is working on informal neighbour­ hood initiatives that aid Syrian migrants in their settlement in both contexts and comparing migrants’ experiences in both countries. Her wider research interests include gendered experiences of war and vio­ lence, feminist ethics of care, and plant–human relations. Nazan Maksudyan is Einstein Guest Professor at the Freie Universität Berlin and a research associate at the Centre Marc Bloch, Berlin. She was a EUME Fellow 2009–2010 at the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and an Alexander von Humboldt Stiftung Postdoctoral Fellow at the ZMO in 2010–2011. Her research mainly focuses on the history of children and youth in the late Ottoman Empire, with special interest in gender, sexuality, education, humanitarianism, and non-Muslims. Among her publications are Orphans and Destitute Children in the Late Ottoman Empire (Syracuse University Press, 2014), ed. Women and the City, Women in the City (New York: Berghahn, 2014); Ottoman Children and Youth During World War I (Syracuse University Press, 2019), ‘Orphans, Cities, and the State: Vocational Orphanages (Islahhanes) and “Reform” in the Late Ottoman Urban Space’, IJMES 43 (2011); ‘Foster-Daughter or Servant, Charity or Abuse: Beslemes in the Late Ottoman Empire’, Journal of Historical Soci­ ology 21 (2008). *** Editor and contributor biographies ix Johannes Becker is a Research Fellow at the Center of Methods in Social Sci­ ences, University of Goettingen, and coordinator of the research project ‘Dynamic Figurations of Refugees, Migrants, and Long-time Residents in Jordan since 1946’, sponsored by the German Research Foundation. Aatina Nasir Malik is a PhD candidate in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Her research inter­ ests include political violence, Kashmir studies, gender, and the everyday. Her PhD thesis explores political violence and the everyday in Kashmir, underscor­ ing the way political violence makes and unmakes social life in a neighbourhood in Srinagar, and thereon how different subjectivities emerge. Ahmad Moradi received his PhD in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester, UK. His thesis titled ‘Politics of Persuasion: Making and Unmaking Revolution in Iran’, explores the intersection of sacrifice and citizenship in the Islamic Republic of Iran. His research interests include collective and individual experience of loss, welfare and networks of care, political anthropology, and the anthropology of the Middle East. He is also involved in the practice of creative ethnography, the result of which has been an artistic monograph on the subject of illegal migration and exhib­ itions in Tehran, Budapest, and Amsterdam. Derya Özkaya is a doctoral researcher at the Otto Suhr Institute of Political Science at Freie Universität Berlin. She is currently working on the role of emotional and affective dynamics for political participation and transform­ ation exploring the possibilities and limitations of change starting from the Gezi uprisings of 2013 in Turkey. Her research interests include social movements, collective memory, commemorative practices, revolutionary movements in Turkey, collective emotions, and political affect. Samprati Pani is a PhD candidate at the Department of Sociology, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh. Through intersections of urban informality, design, and spatial practices, her research focuses on the making and tech­ niques of weekly bazaars in Delhi. She has a Master’s and MPhil in Soci­ ology from Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi. She has worked in academic publishing as an editor for many years and is also a trained graphic designer. Her interests include ordinary aesthetics, urban spatialities, street typography, and practices of street vending. She blogs on various aspects of the everyday city at chiraghdilli.wordpress.com. Kholofelo Rameetse holds a BSc Honours degree in Geography and Environ­ mental Studies from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Over the past three years, she has conducted her MSc research in Eldorado Park and neighbouring locations. Her research interests are post-apartheid urban development policies and practices. She is also a business develop­ ment associate for an independent renewable energy developer.

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