Urban Infrastructure Research: A Review of Ethiopian Cities

86 Pages·2016·1.224 MB·English

by  Alok Tiwari (auth.)

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN GEOGRAPHY
Alok Tiwari
Urban
Infrastructure
Research
A Review of
Ethiopian Cities
123
SpringerBriefs in Geography
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10050
Alok Tiwari
Urban Infrastructure
Research
A Review of Ethiopian Cities
123
AlokTiwari
DepartmentofUrbanandRegionalPlanning
KingAbdulaziz University
Jeddah
SaudiArabia
ISSN 2211-4165 ISSN 2211-4173 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inGeography
ISBN978-3-319-30401-4 ISBN978-3-319-30403-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30403-8
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Dedicated to my parents:
Mrs. Asha Tiwari and Mr. Ram Adhar Tiwari
Preface and Acknowledgement
Modern Ethiopia is undergoing rapid urban transformation. The pace of change in
cities and towns is unprecedented indeed; many international and local organiza-
tions have also endorsed the same statistic. Besides the amazing changes and
growth which are taking place, cities in Ethiopia are faced with multifarious and
complex challenges.
Previous studies sanction the veracity of the huge gap that exists between the
supply and their persisting demand for urban infrastructure and services in the
urban centres of Ethiopia; supplies further fail to amalgamate concurrent concerns
such as environmental sustainability, employment generation, poverty eradication,
gender,andpartnershipswiththecommunityandprivatesector.Itwasalsorealized
thatthereisawidecapacitygapamongpublicservants,whoareresponsibleforthe
policymaking and execution of the projects and programmes related to the urban
infrastructure sector.
Urban Management Masters Programme (UMMP), at Ethiopian Civil Service
University, Addis Ababa, is an ambitious capacity building programme for urban
professionals working in the public sector. While working as a course coordinator
at this academic programme, I realized that the participants of UMMP have ended
with pertinent and vital research projects from different parts of urban Ethiopia
coveringarangeoftopicsrelatedtourbaninfrastructureandservices;however,the
findings of these projects have remained unpublished. This point motivated me to
conductareviewfor thebroaderacademicandprofessionalcommunity,whohave
some sort of curiosity regarding contemporary urban issues of the global south in
general and especially in the low income countries like Ethiopia.
I believe that this book will set an agenda of research for urban infrastructure
researchersinEthiopia.IamextremelythankfultoallmystudentsattheEthiopian
CivilServiceUniversity,whoholdintensethrustforthedevelopmentofEthiopiaas
research investigators.
Further,IoffermygratitudetoDr.SamsonKassahun,AcademicVice-President,
Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Dr. Mohammed
Aljoufie, Dean, Faculty of Environment Design, King Abdulaziz University,
vii
viii PrefaceandAcknowledgement
Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for contributing to my research works. I would
like to extend my gratitude to Dr. Emad Qurunflah, Chairman of Urban and
Regional Planning Department for all his assistance.
Finally,Iamthankfultomy wife Kavita, son Kavyansh,and daughters Alokita
and Anuja for their emotional support in this review.
Jeddah
December 2015
Contents
1 An Overview of Contemporary Urban Infrastructure Research. . . . 1
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Urban Infrastructure Sustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Smart City and Urban Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Innovative Financing of Urban Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Themes in Urban Infrastructure Research in Ethiopian Cities. . . . . 7
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Major Infrastructures Themes Investigated by Researchers
in Ethiopian Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1 Road Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.2 Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2.3 Infrastructure for Urban Storm Water Management . . . . . 8
2.2.4 Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.5 Social Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2.6 Urban Green Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.7 Rural–Urban Linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.8 Urban Infrastructure for Tourism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.9 Urban Infrastructure for Solid Waste Management
and Sanitation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.10 ICT Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.11 Integrated Urban Infrastructure and Other Themes. . . . . . 11
2.3 Reviewed Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.3.1 Addis Ababa Chartered City Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.2 Dire Dawa Chartered City Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.3.3 Afar Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.4 Amhara Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.3.5 Benishangul–Gumuz Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ix
x Contents
2.3.6 Gambela Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.7 Harari Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.8 Oromia Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.9 Somali Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.10 SNNP Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.11 Tigray Region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 An Appraisal on Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2 Urban Energy Efficiency Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.3 Integrated Provision of Roads and Drainage for Urban Storm
Water Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.4 Urban Water Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Review of Findings and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2 An Overview of Research Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2.1 Transformation Towards Efficient Energy
Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2.2 Urban Infrastructure to Handle Storm Water . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.2.3 Constraints on Urban Road Infrastructure and Its
Associated Furniture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2.4 Ensuring Sustainable Water Supply to the Urban
Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2.5 Community Involvement in Urban Infrastructure
Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.2.6 Focus on Green Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2.7 Muddling on Institutional Integration for Urban
Infrastructure Provision and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
4.2.8 Gaps in the Provision of Social Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . 47
4.2.9 Appraisal of Indigenous Material-Based/Labour-
Intensive Urban Infrastructure Provision. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.2.10 Infrastructure for Sanitation, Solid Waste and Liquid
Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.11 Urban ICT Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.12 Challenges on Financing Urban Infrastructure and
Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2.13 Urban Infrastructure for Tourism Development . . . . . . . . 51
4.2.14 Other Prudent Themes in Urban Infrastructure
Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51