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Urban Indian Perspectives of Traditional Indian Medicine PDF

202 Pages·2017·1.39 MB·English
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Antioch University AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses Dissertations & Theses 2013 Urban Indian Perspectives of Traditional Indian Medicine Annette Squetimkin-Anquoe Antioch University - PhD Program in Leadership and Change Follow this and additional works at:http://aura.antioch.edu/etds Part of theAlternative and Complementary Medicine Commons,Indigenous Studies Commons, Leadership Studies Commons, and theMedicine and Health Commons Recommended Citation Squetimkin-Anquoe, Annette, "Urban Indian Perspectives of Traditional Indian Medicine" (2013).Dissertations & Theses. 43. http://aura.antioch.edu/etds/43 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student & Alumni Scholarship, including Dissertations & Theses at AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses by an authorized administrator of AURA - Antioch University Repository and Archive. For more information, please [email protected], [email protected]. URBAN INDIAN PERSPECTIVES OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE ANNETTE SQUETIMKIN-ANQUOE A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June, 2013 This is to certify that the Dissertation entitled: URBAN INDIAN PERSPECTIVES OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE prepared by Annette Squetimkin-Anquoe is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Leadership and Change. Approved by: ________________________________________________________________________ Carolyn Kenny, Ph.D., Chair date ________________________________________________________________________ Elizabeth L. Holloway, Ph.D., Committee Member date ________________________________________________________________________ Richard Vedan, Ph.D., Committee Member date ________________________________________________________________________ Felicia Hodge, Ph.D., External Reader date Copyright 2013 Annette Squetimkin-Anquoe All rights reserved Acknowledgements I thank the Creator for allowing me to be here at this time and place. I thank the ancestors for their strength and for passing on their knowledge and wisdom to our people wherever they may live across Indian Country. I thank my family and friends who have supported me throughout this endeavor as their encouragement, prayers, and support has meant the world to me. I especially thank my beloved who continues to inspire me from his place in the universe. I thank the community in which I have the privilege of living and especially to those who stepped forward to voice their most valuable perspectives. I hold my hands up to my committee chair, Dr. Carolyn Kenny, and thank her for her dedication and words of wisdom from the beginning to the end of this journey. I extend appreciation and gratitude to the committee members, Dr. Elizabeth Holloway, Dr. Richard W. Vedan, Dr. Felicia Hodge, and the late Dr. Robert T. Textor, who were insightful guides for me in this process. I thank the editor, Shannon Venable, for watching over this manuscript in a most respectful and considerate manner. i Abstract American Indians (AI) represent 2% of the United States population with over 560 federally recognized tribes. In comparison to mainstream society AI show disparate rates for a number of health conditions. While some AI use traditional forms of medicine and healing practices that encompass mind-body-spirit approaches, studies conducted on the topic of Traditional Indian Medicine (TIM) among American Indians are sparse. Considering the fact that two thirds of the entire AI population currently lives in urban areas, it is timely to learn more about how TIM is seen by American Indians, which is the purpose of this study. An Ethnographic Futures Research (EFR) study was conducted with five AI participants of the urban community in King County, Washington. Data was collected via focus group discussion involving future and present oriented times which were categorized into themes and member checked with participants. Findings were arranged in a physical-emotional-social-spiritual framework to include themes regarding perspectives about TIM, broad guiding principles, and steps. The range of perspectives in this study support previous investigations involving tribally diverse people. That participant views about TIM encompassed a multitude of facets beyond health care issues was a surprise and may allude to a relational worldview. The relational aspects that exist within many indigenous worldviews are highlighted by the importance of treating each other and the earth well is a factor in the sustenance of traditional and indigenous knowledge. The electronic version of this Dissertation is at OhioLink ETD Center, www.ohiolink.edu/etd ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................i Abstract...........................................................................................................................................ii Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................iii List of Figures.……………………………………………………………………………………vi Chapter I: Introduction....................................................................................................................1 Conducting Indigenous Research in a Good Way......................................................................3 Who I Am and Where I Come From...........................................................................................4 Urban Indian Health Disparities................................................................................................14 Definitions of Traditional Indian Medicine..............................................................................16 Indigenous Research About Indian Leadership and Traditional Indian Medicine..……………..18 Purpose of the Study.................................................................................................................18 Epistemological Approach for a TIM Inquiry...........................................................................20 Logistics Model for Conducting Research Among Urban Indians on the Topic of Traditional Indian Medicine.........................................................................................................................22 Chapter II: Literature Review.......................................................................................................25 Indigenous Leadership Models That Describe the Influence of Indigenous Worldviews in the Development of These Models.................................................................................................30 Traditional Indian Medicine Research......................................................................................39 How Traditional Indian Medicine Has Been Researched Among Indigenous Communities by Indigenous Researchers.............................................................................................................44 Chapter III: Methodology.............................................................................................................55 Summary of the Implementation of Process Models Among Indigenous Communities..........55 iii Effective Research Methods in Indigenous Communities........................................................62 Features of Ethnographic Futures Research..............................................................................67 Methods for Data Collection and Analysis...............................................................................71 Ethical Issues Involved in an EFR Study..................................................................................71 Overview of the EFR Method...................................................................................................76 Criteria for Selecting Participants.............................................................................................78 Study Procedures.......................................................................................................................79 Procedures.................................................................................................................................83 Chapter IV: Results of the Study..................................................................................................88 Findings.....................................................................................................................................89 Final EFR Focus Group Summary............................................................................................89 Optimistic Scenario...............................................................................................................89 Most Probable Scenario.…………………………………………………………………...105 Pessimistic Scenario............................................................................................................100 Guiding Principles...............................................................................................................108 Steps for Our Community....................................................................................................110 Chapter V: Interpretation of the Findings...................................................................................115 Physical...................................................................................................................................120 Emotional................................................................................................................................124 Social.......................................................................................................................................127 Spiritual...................................................................................................................................131 Chapter VI: Discussion...............................................................................................................141 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………..151 iv Appendix A EFR Pilot Study Training................................................................................151 Appendix B EFR Pilot Study Informed Consent Statement................................................154 Appendix C EFR Pilot Study Interview Questions.............................................................156 Appendix D EFR Desirabilty Scale.....................................................................................159 Appendix E EFR Suggested Grammar................................................................................160 Appendix F EFR Domain Matrix........................................................................................161 Appendix G EFR Pilot Study Participant Summary...........................................................162 Appendix H EFR Study Participant Informed Consent.......................................................172 Appendix I EFR Study Interview Questions.......................................................................175 References...................................................................................................................................178 v List of Figures Figure 1.1………………………………………………………………………………………..23 Figure 5.1……………………………………………………………………………………….140 Figure 5.2……………………………………………………………………………………….141 vi

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URBAN INDIAN PERSPECTIVES OF TRADITIONAL INDIAN MEDICINE. ANNETTE SQUETIMKIN-ANQUOE. A DISSERTATION. Submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of. Doctor of Philosophy. June, 2013
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