Urban Health: Participatory Action-research Models Contrasting Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Urban Context PDF
Preview Urban Health: Participatory Action-research Models Contrasting Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Urban Context
Green Energy and Technology Alessandra Battisti Maurizio Marceca Silvia Iorio Editors Urban Health Participatory Action-research Models Contrasting Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Urban Context Green Energy and Technology Climate change, environmental impact and the limited natural resources urge scientific research and novel technical solutions. The monograph series Green Energy and Technology serves as a publishing platform for scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e. environmentally friendly and sustain- able—technologies. While a focus lies on energy and power supply, it also covers “green” solutions in industrial engineering and engineering design. Green Energy and Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants as well as decision makers in industries and politics. Hence, the level of presentation spans from instructional to highly technical. **Indexed in Scopus**. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059 Alessandra Battisti Maurizio Marceca (cid:129) (cid:129) Silvia Iorio Editors Urban Health Participatory Action-research Models Contrasting Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Urban Context 123 Editors Alessandra Battisti Maurizio Marceca Department ofPlanning, Design, and Department ofPublic Health andInfectious Technology of Architecture(PDTA) Diseases (DSPMI) Sapienza University of Rome Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy Rome, Italy Silvia Iorio Unit of History of Medicine andBioethics Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic) Green Energy andTechnology ISBN978-3-030-49445-2 ISBN978-3-030-49446-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49446-9 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface Thisbookdescribesandexamines,withaqualitativeandquantitativeapproach,the relationships between theconstructed environment,healthand social vulnerability. Itdemonstratesthatspatialdisintegrationisquiteoftenintertwinedwithhealthand social inequalities; therefore, it is crucial to adopt a methodology of multidisci- plinary approach to urban health, in order to investigate the inequalities in healthcare and medical assistance through the analysis of psycho-social– environmental processes and the impact that these aspects can produce on objec- tiveandperceivedhealth.Theterritorialinsecurityisalocaltranslationofcomplex phenomena regarding social ‘mobility’ (migration, economic crisis and develop- ment, restructuring of physical environments, increase in population), a clear reflectionoftheconceptofurbandivideswhereintra-metropolitandualityproduces areasthathavehighlevelsofqualityoflifeandareascharacterizedbypovertyand spatial segregation. The first are the urban territories that, due to their character- istics, are capable of intercepting the opportunities of the global market; the latter are less attractive areas for investments, trade and tourism that consequently find themselves on the outskirts of society. Empirical relationships have been observed between urban environment, social vulnerability and health in different contexts; however, we are still scarcely equipped with standardized tools that allow for a clear understanding of the phe- nomenon of how health inequalities and daily life are generated. In order to face thisissue,anationalnetworkofactiveresearchgroupshasbeencreatedtodraftand develop a prototypical analysis infrastructure. This tool will facilitate empirical studies aimed at adequately grasping the complexity of the relationships between health disparities, socio-environmental and economic distress, as well as personal and collective health. Given the interest in achieving meaningful, fair and lasting solutionstotheconflictandthereduction ofhealthinequalities,thecurrentlackof an analytical system suggests the need for new multidisciplinary approaches, ori- ented towards the quality of life within a eco-social model of health. This book v vi Preface mainly addresses researchers and those working in local and government social care,healthcareandadministrativeinstitutions.Researcherswillparticularlybenefit from the overall vision and the methodological approach explicated in this work, while those working in these institutions could gain important understanding of good practices as well as the sharing of their experiences in urban contexts. Rome, Italy Alessandra Battisti Maurizio Marceca Silvia Iorio Contents Urban Public Health, a Multidisciplinary Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Daniela D’Alessandro Participatory Governance and Healthcare. Opportunities and Perils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Edoardo Esposto and Giulio Moini Urban Health Multidisciplinary Actions Promoting Health in an Urban Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Alessandra Battisti and Maurizio Marceca EquityinHealth.Community-BasedActionResearchinaCompound of the Metropolitan Area of Rome an Experience of Urban Health. . . . 27 Silvia Iorio, Alessandra Battisti, Livia Maria Salvatori, Marco Tofani, Aurora Angelozzi, Susanna Caminada, Lorenzo Paglione, Alessandro Rinaldi, Asia Barnocchi, Alberto Calenzo, Giuseppe Ricotta, Alessandra Brandimarte, and Maurizio Marceca Urban Regeneration for Urban Health. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Alessandra Battisti, Asia Barnocchi, and Silvia Iorio Characterising a Setting with a High Level of Informality, Integrating National and Specialised Surveys, Administrative and Census Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Lorenzo Paglione, Laura Cacciani, Giovanni Baglio, Maria Alessandra Brandimarte, Elisabetta Confaloni, Adelaide Landi, Livia Maria Salvatori, Aurora Angelozzi, Susanna Caminada, Massimo Napoli, Miriam Errigo, Silvia Iorio, Anna Maria Bargagli, Maurizio Marceca, Enrico Di Rosa, Nera Agabiti, and Marina Davoli Inhabiting an “Un-common” Space: Health Promotion in the Area of Pescarola, Bologna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Francesca Cacciatore, Rita Maralla, and Martina Riccio vii viii Contents Addressing Health Inequities in the City of Bologna: A Mixed-Method, Multi Stakeholder and Action-Research Approach Towards Health Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Chiara Bodini and Valeria Gentilini The Ascoli Piceno Case: The CCUHRE Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Rosalba D’Onofrio and Elio Trusiani Participatory Local Welfare in Trieste: A Laboratory for Local Welfare Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Flavio Paoletti and Alessandro Dario Greco Trieste’s Microareas for Equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Flavio Paoletti Micro-areas 10 Years Later. A Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Health Outcomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Flavio Paoletti Recovery-Net: A Multilevel and Collaborative Approach to Mental Healthcare Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Daniela Sangiorgi, Fabio Lucchi, and Marta Carrera Mental Health and Recovery in the Urban Setting: Brescia and the San Polo District. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Daniela Sangiorgi, Fabio Lucchi, and Marta Carrera Co-designing Innovation Labs as Engines for Mental Healthcare Ecosystem Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Daniela Sangiorgi, Fabio Lucchi, and Marta Carrera Methodological Comparison of Different Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Livia Maria Salvatori, Maurizio Marceca, Lorenzo Paglione, Aurora Angelozzi, Susanna Caminada, Miriam Errigo, Marco Tofani, Alessandra Battisti, Asia Barnocchi, Chiara Bodini, Martina Riccio, Rita Maralla, Valeria Gentilini, Francesca Cacciatore, Elio Trusiani, Rosalba D’Onofrio, Roberta Cocci Grifoni, Mariano Pierantozzi, Enrica Petrucci, Ilaria Odoguardi, Graziano Enzo Marchesani, Corrado Sgrò, Chiara Camaioni, Daniela Sangiorgi, Fabio Lucchi, Marta Carrera, Flavio Paoletti, Alessandro Dario Greco, and Silvia Iorio Conclusions. Creating Social Capital: the Key Role of Public Policies and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Roberto Di Monaco Urban Public Health, a Multidisciplinary Approach DanielaD’Alessandro Abstract Urbanenvironmentisahighlycomplexinteractivesocio-physicalsystem, withcompetingexpectationsandpriorities.Publichealthinterventionshavealways hadafundamentalroleinthecontrolofdiseasesincities.WHOconsidersurbaniza- tionasoneofthekeychallengesforpublichealthinthetwenty-firstcentury,since cities offer significant opportunities to improve public health if health-enhancing policiesandactionsarepromoted.Amultidisciplinaryapproachisrequired,butthe basic differences existing between technical and health disciplines make the inter- action difficult. The multidisciplinary collaboration is still at a very early stage of development,andneedstobefurtherunderstoodandplanned.Theauthorconcludes stressingtheneedforatransversaltraining,butalsoforsharingknowledge,instru- mentsandmethods,involvingalltheactorsintheplanningprocess,todevelopareal multidisciplinaryapproach. · · · · Keywords Urbanhealth Publichealth Planning Multidisciplinary Cities 1 Introduction Public Health interventions have always had a fundamental role in the control of diseasesincities[1–3].Agrowingbodyofresearchhasdocumentedthattheaction ofurbanenvironmentinshapinghealthanddiseaseisitselfofinterest.Understanding whicharetheurbanfactorsrelevantforhealthcanenrichthepositiveaspectsofurban livingandleadtodevelopappropriatebehavioursandtoidentifypreventivemeasures. ThisisalsothepivotaltopicinmanydocumentsproducedbyWHO[4–10]. Actually, we know that the urban environment is a highly complex interactive socio-physical system, with competing expectations and priorities [11]. Several factors,relatedtothebuiltenvironment,aredirectlyresponsibleforhealthimpacts [12].Theyincludeairquality,bothindoor andoutdoor,climate,waterqualityand quantity,noiseandtraffic-relatedinjuries.Muchoftheevidenceconcerningdirect B D.D’Alessandro( ) FullProfessorofEnvironmentalHealth,DepartmentofCivilBuildingEnvironmental Engineering,SapienzaUniversityofRome,Rome,Italy e-mail:[email protected] ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringer 1 NatureSwitzerlandAG2020 A.Battistietal.(eds.),UrbanHealth,GreenEnergyandTechnology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49446-9_1
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