COSTACTION C26 URBAN HABITAT CONSTRUCTIONS UNDER CATASTROPHIC EVENTS PROCEEDINGS OF THE FINAL CONFERENCE 2 © 010T aylorF & rancisG roup,L ondon,U K PROCEEDINGS OF THE FINAL COST ACTION C26 CONFERENCE, NAPLES, ITALY, 16–18 SEPTEMBER 2010 COSTACTION C26 Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events Proceedings of the Final Conference (Naples, 16, 17, 18 September 2010) Chair Federico M. Mazzolani Department of Structural Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy 2 © 010T aylorF & rancisG roup,L ondon,U K Chairman Federico M. Mazzolani Editorial Board Mike Byfield Gianfranco De Matteis Dan Dubina Beatrice Faggiano Maurizio Indirli Alberto Mandara Federico M. Mazzolani Frantisek Wald CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Typeset by MPS Ltd. 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Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: Urban Habitat Constructions under Catastrophic Events (Proceedings) – Mazzolani (Ed). © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-60685-1 Table of Contents Foreword XV Keynotes Multilevel seismic performance based design of structures considering the concepts of sustainability and robustness 3 A.G. Ayala & S. López To challenging problems in fire protection of steel structures 9 Guo-Qiang Li Volcanic hazards and risk in cities, with emphasis on lahars: A review 17 J.C. Thouret & K.M. Martelli The development of protective structures for northern Ireland 29 F.G. Hulton Performance based methodology for tracing the response of restrained steel beams exposed to fire 39 V. Kodur & M. Dwaikat Modelling climate change impact on cultural heritage the European project climate for culture 45 J. Leissner, R. Kilian, F. Antretter & A. Holm The development of analysis of glazed facades to resist blast effects 51 C.M. Morison Lessons of the Mw = 8.8 Chile 2010 earthquake 61 G.R. Saragoni Sessions Characterization of catastrophic actions on construction Characterization and modelling of seismic action Development of design response spectra for Baghdad area 71 I.S. AbdulMutalib Stresses characterization and quantification in masonry structures with bent axle: Methodological approach and first experiences 77 M. Candela Selecting the appropriate probabilistic demand models using Bayesian statistics 81 A. Deylami & M. Mahdavi Adeli Problems of seismic behaviour of buildings situated in urban habitats 87 V. Gioncu & F.M. Mazzolani Analysis of different numerical procedures for determining the random and chaotic earthquake properties 93 R. Magaña, A. Hermosillo & M. Pérez The Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: Linear and nonlinear site effects 99 C. Nunziata, F. Vaccari & G.F. Panza Scenarios based earthquake hazard assessment 105 F. Romanelli, A. Peresan, F. Vaccari & G.F. Panza Microzonation of landslide hazard triggered by earthquakes – Application of GIS methodology 111 V. Sesov & J. Cvetanovska V ©2 010T aylor& F rancisG roup,L ondon,U K Modelling of explosion Determination of design loads from explosion and impact scenarios 119 N. Gebbeken & T. Döge A feasibility study on modeling blast loading using ALE formulation 127 L. Kwasniewski, M. Balcerzak & J. Wojciechowski Windows and glazing systems exposed to explosion loads: Part 1 – Lethality and hazard assessment 133 A. Lööf, A. van Doormaal & M. Teich Windows and glazing systems exposed to explosion loads: Part 2 – Safety improvement strategies 139 M. Teich, N. Gebbeken, A. Lööf & A. van Doormaal Dynamic testing of semi-rigid steel beam-column connections 145 A. Tyas, J.A. Warren, J.B. Davison, E.P. Stoddart & A. Hindle Actions due to other natural catastrophes Landslides as a secondary event of earthquakes and eruptions 153 E. Nigro & C. Faella Measurements of shear wave velocities for seismic and volcanic hazard assessment in urban areas 163 C. Nunziata, G. De Nisco, M.R. Costanzo, F. Vaccari & G.F. Panza Tsunami impact evaluation for coastal areas 169 T. Rossetto, T.O. Lloyd, C. Coelho, J.P. Carlier & W. Allsop Avalanche actions on constructions 175 A. Talon, J.P. Muzeau & J.P. Carlier Analysis of behaviour of constructions under catastrophic events Analyses of structures under fire Partial interaction behaviour of composite steel-concrete members at elevated temperatures accounting for geometric nonlinearities 183 P. Ansourian, G. Ranzi & A. Zona Thermal and thermo-mechanical behaviour of timber connections in fire 189 M. Audebert, A. Bouchaïr, M. Taazount & D. Dhima Numerical assessment of structural assembly between steel beam and CFT columns under fire 195 F.R. Carvalho Lopes, A. Santiago, L. Simões da Silva & J.G. Santos da Silva Numerical simulations of full-scale enclosure fires in a multilevel library 201 P. Ciambelli, M.G. Meo, P. Russo & S. Vaccaro Assessment of the robustness of structures subjected to fire following earthquake through a performance-based approach 207 B. Faggiano, D. De Gregorio & F.M. Mazzolani Fire resistance of self-compacting concrete beam-column sub-assemblage 213 I.K. Fang, C.C. Lee, L.W. Chou, P.S. Chiu, T.W. Liu & J.M. Yeh The effect of different plaster types on critical limit for fire resistance used by horizontal load-bearing structures 219 M. Hajpál & A. Somorjai The combined effect of high temperature and high loading rate on the fracture resistance of a grade S355J0 steel section 225 A.J. Horn A study on the full scale fire test of medical modular block for the fire resistance performance evaluation 231 K. Heung Youl, K. Hyung Jun, L. Jae Sung, K. Ki Hyuk & C. Bong Ho Numerical modeling of steel columns in fire 237 L. Kwas´niewski, P.A. Król & K. Ła˛cki VI © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK An experimental study on the thermal property of concrete under the load ratio condition in tunnel fire 243 Kyung suk Cho, K. Heung Youl, K. Hyung Jun, L. Jae Sung & Younghan Jung Finite element modelling of lap shear riveted connections in fire 249 R. Marmo, M. D’Aniello, F. Portioli & R. Landolfo Application of FSE approach to the structural fire safety assessment of steel-concrete composite structures 255 E. Nigro, A. Ferraro & G. Cefarelli Member, substructure and global structural fire analyses of steel-concrete composite frames 261 E. Nigro, A. Ferraro & G. Cefarelli Thermo-mechanical analysis of composite slabs under fire conditions 271 D. Pantousa & E. Mistakidis A comparative numerical simulation study on blast response of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to fire 277 F. Pascualena, J. Vantomme, J.M. Ndambi & U. Nyström Evaluation of the residual strength of square CFT columns after a fire through structural performance evaluation test 283 J. Sang-Keun, K. Sun-Hee, C. Sung-Mo, W. Yong-Ahn & K. Heung Youl Evaluation of the steel structure fire resistance of a shopping centre using structural fire engineering 289 P. Vila Real & N. Lopes To the composite slab on beams with corrugated web exposed to fire 295 F. Wald, T. Jána, P. Kyzlík & M. Strejcˇek Fire after earthquake 301 R. Zaharia, D. Pintea & D. Dubina Analysis of steel-framed open car parks under localized fire 307 R. Zanon, M. Sommavilla, O. Vassart, L.-G. Cajot, R. Zandonini & F. Gadotti Evaluation of structural response under exceptional seismic actions Micro and macro-finite element modeling of brick masonry panels subject to lateral loadings 315 M. Annecchiarico, F. Portioli & R. Landolfo Seismic performance of RC frame buildings with masonry infill 321 R. Apostolska, G. Necevska-Cvetanovska & J. Cvetanovska Modelling influence of paraseismic tremors on precast apartment buildings 325 J. Baran´ski, P. Berkowski & G. Dmochowski The solid springer rule – behavior under dynamic stress 331 M. Candela & R. Fonti Modelling issues of steel braces under extreme cyclic actions 335 M. D’Aniello, F. Portioli & R. Landolfo Response of BRBs to catastrophic seismic actions: Experimental results 343 G. Della Corte & F.M. Mazzolani Direct design approach for seismic resistant steel frame buildings under extreme loading 349 F. Dinu, D. Dubina & G. De Matteis Application of high strength steel to seismic resistant multi-storey buildings 355 D. Dubina, A. Stratan, F. Dinu, D. Grecea, N. Muntean & C. Vulcu Inelastic torsional response of an asymmetric-plan hospital building in Italy 365 M. Ferraioli L’Aquila earthquake: A survey in the historical centre of Castelvecchio Subequo 371 A. Formisano, P. Di Feo, M.R. Grippa & G. Florio Seismic response of sheathed cold-formed steel structures under catastrophic events 377 L. Fiorino, O. Iuorio, V. Macillo & R. Landolfo First considerations on the February 27, 2010 Chilean earthquake 383 M. Indirli, F.M. Mazzolani & A. Tralli VII © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Seismic responses of continuous twin I-girder bridge using three-dimensional modal pushover analysis procedure 391 A.H. Nguyen, T. Hayashikawa & C. Chintanapakdee The influence of piers on the dynamic behavior of bridges subjected to earthquake acting in parallel to the deck 399 I.G. Raftoyiannis, T.G. Konstantakopoulos & G.T. Michaltsos A model for limit state analysis of wooden structures 405 F. Ramundo & M.R. Migliore Lateral capacity of steel structures designed according to EC8 under catastrophic seismic events 409 S. Tortorelli, M. D’Aniello & R. Landolfo Seismic assessment of historical mosques under exceptional earthquakes: A case study in Skopje 415 F. Portioli, O. Mammana, R. Landolfo & F.M. Mazzolani Experimental methodology for verification of effectiveness of innovative seismic strengthening techniques of historical monuments 421 L. Krstevska, L. Tashkov, K. Gramatikov, F.M. Mazzolani & G. De Matteis In-situ experimental testing of four historical buildings damaged during the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake 427 L. Krstevska, L. Tashkov, N. Naumovski, G. Florio, A. Formisano, A. Fornaro & R. Landolfo Ambient vibration tests on three religious buildings in Goriano Sicoli damaged during the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake 433 L. Tashkov, L. Krstevska, N. Naumovski, G. De Matteis & G. Brando Seismic response analysis of multiple supported piping systems with friction characteristics 439 T. Yamauchi, K. Tsuchikawa, A. Masuda & A. Sone Analysis of structures under impact and explosion Compressive behaviour of concrete at high strain rates 447 M. Belaoura Numerical investigation of internal explosions in steel pipe 453 P. Bonalumi, M. Colombo & M. di Prisco Experimental study of composite column and wall systems for impact resistance 459 A. Britner, M. Gündel & R. Obiala Insulated concrete thin-shells under exceptional loads 465 R.B. Esplin, J.P. South, G. Whipple & B. Davis Detailed micro-modelling of masonry under blast and earthquake loads 471 T. Linse & N. Gebbeken Behaviour of deformable blast walls for protective structural design 477 S.A. Kilic & P.D. Smith Simulation of pressures behind rigid blast walls 481 S.A. Kilic & P.D. Smith Robust design – Alternate load path method as design strategy 487 L. Roelle & U. Kuhlmann Tests and simplified numerical simulation of vehicle impact on guardrails with respect to normative regulations 493 C. Seiler Behaviour and structural evaluation procedure of a precast R.C. multi-storey building subjected to blast loading 499 D.V. Stoian, I.S. Pescari, S.C. Florut & V.A. Stoian Consequence of natural disasters on constructions Air fall deposits due to explosive eruptions: Action model and robustness assessment of the Vesuvian roofs 507 D. De Gregorio, B. Faggiano, A. Formisano & F.M. Mazzolani VIII © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Review of the impacts of volcanic ash fall on urban environments 513 V. Sword-Daniels, T. Rossetto, J. Twigg, D. Johnston, T. Wilson, J. Cole, S. Loughlin & S. Sargeant Structural design of urban habitat construction against catastrophic wind actions 519 T. Stathopoulos, I. Zisis & C.C. Baniotopoulos Minimizing the risks associated with fire and floods in illegal and unplanned settlements in a developing country 525 B.W.J. van Rensburg Evaluation of vulnerability of constructions Vulnerability of existing buildings under fire Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis of water mist system performance for fire safety of a nineteenth century cast-iron structured building 531 J. De la Quintana, J. Aurtenetxe, F. Morente & R. Ugartetxe Reflectometric interrogation technique for structural damage assessment using FBG-based fiber optic strain sensors 535 Yu.N. Kulchin, O.B. Vitrik, A.V. Dyshlyuk, A.M. Shalagin, S.A. Babin & A.A. Vlasov Performance based evaluation and seismic risk analysis Development and validation of a procedure of seismic performance evaluation of structures 541 A.G. Ayala, M. Mendoza & R. Apostolska A method for the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of fortified structures 547 A. Baratta, I. Corbi & S. Coppari Seismic vulnerability by extrinsic kinematics: The St. Mary’s Church, Naples, Italy 553 A. Bianco & L. Picardi L’Aquila earthquake April 6th, 2009: The damage assessment methodologies 557 R.P. Borg, M. Indirli, T. Rossetto & L.A. Kouris Seismic vulnerability of the “Quinto Orazio Flacco” school 565 A. Fiore & P. Monaco Seismic vulnerability analysis of a masonry school in the Vesuvius area 571 A. Formisano, F.M. Mazzolani & M. Indirli A quick methodology for seismic vulnerability assessment of historical masonry aggregates 577 A. Formisano, F.M. Mazzolani, G. Florio & R. Landolfo Seismic vulnerability analysis of historical centres: A GIS application in Torre del Greco 583 A. Formisano, F.M. Mazzolani, G. Florio, R. Landolfo, G. De Masi, G. Delli Priscoli & M. Indirli Evaluation of RVS method for pre-seismic assessment of structures utilizing post-earthquake damage investigations 589 A.I. Karabinis & T.C. Rousakis Robust design of seismic up-grading of R.C. structures with innovative bracing systems 595 J.-U. Sickert, M. Kaliske, W. Graf & A. Mandara Vulnerability and damageability of structures under impact and explosion Robustness analysis of bridge when exposed to train collision due to derailment 603 I. Björnsson & S. Thelandersson Limitations of the tying force method for providing robustness in steel framed buildings 609 M.P. Byfield & S. Paramasivam Effect of column loss on the robustness of a high rise steel building 613 F. Dinu & D. Dubina On the catenary effect of steel buildings 619 A. Formisano & F.M. Mazzolani Damage and blast response of a steel frame building 625 J. Mediavilla, F. Soetens & J.W.P.M. Brekelmans IX © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Assesment of explosion effect in railway stations 629 G. Solomos, F. Casadei, G. Giannopoulos & M. Larcher On modeling and progressive collapse of the building subjected to shock impact load 635 J. Vaiciunas & V. Dorosevas Performance assessment under multiple hazards Extreme flood effects as a combination of river and sea action 641 C. Coelho & J.P. Carlier Survey activity for the seismic and volcanic vulnerability assessment in the Vesuvian area: The golden mile villas 647 L. Alterio, D. De Gregorio, B. Faggiano, P. Di Feo, G. Florio, A. Formisano, F.M. Mazzolani, F. Cacace, G. Zuccaro, R.P. Borg, C. Coelho, M. Indirli, L.A. Kouris & V. Sword-Daniels Survey activity for the seismic and volcanic vulnerability assessment in the Vesuvian area: The historical centre and the residential area in Torre del Greco 653 D. De Gregorio, B. Faggiano, G. Florio, A. Formisano, T. De Lucia, G. Terracciano, F.M. Mazzolani, F. Cacace, G. Conti, G. De Luca, G. Fiorentino, C. Pennone, G. Zuccaro, R.P. Borg, C. Coelho, S. Gerasimidis & M. Indirli Volcanic actions and their consequences on structures 659 B. Faggiano, E. Nigro, D. De Gregorio, G. Zuccaro & F. Cacace Survey activity for the seismic and volcanic vulnerability assessment in the Vesuvian area: Relevant masonry and reinforced concrete school buildings in Torre del Greco 667 G. Florio, D. De Gregorio, A. Formisano, B. Faggiano, T. De Lucia, G. Terracciano, F.M. Mazzolani, F. Cacace, G. Conti, G. De Luca, G. Fiorentino, C. Pennone, G. Zuccaro, R.P. Borg, C. Coelho, S. Gerasimidis & M. Indirli The L’Aquila Earthquake, April 6th, 2009: A review of seismic damage mechanisms 673 L.A. Kouris, R.P. Borg & M. Indirli The Vesuvius case study in the framework of the EU COST Action C26 activity 683 F.M. Mazzolani & M. Indirli Survey activity for the volcanic vulnerability in the Vesuvian area: The ‘quick’ methodology and the survey form 693 F.M. Mazzolani, B. Faggiano, A. Formisano, D. De Gregorio, G. Zuccaro, M. Indirli & R.P. Borg A framework and guidelines for volcanic risk assessment 699 H. Narasimhan, R.P. Borg, F. Cacace, G. Zuccaro, M.H. Faber, D. De Gregorio, B. Faggiano, A. Formisano, F.M. Mazzolani & M. Indirli Structural vulnerability assessment under natural hazards: A review 711 D. Vamvatsikos, L.A. Kouris, G. Panagopoulos, A.J. Kappos, E. Nigro, T. Rossetto, T.O. Lloyd & T. Stathopoulos Seismic impact scenarios in the volcanic areas in Campania 725 G. Zuccaro & F. Cacace Structural damage and vulnerability assessment for service life estimation through MEDEA tool 731 G. Zuccaro & M.F. Leone Human and structural damage consequent to a Sub-Plinian like eruption at mount Vesuvius 741 G. Zuccaro, F. Cacace & S. Nardone MEDEA: A multimedia and didactic handbook for structural damage and vulnerability assessment – L’Aquila Case Study 747 G. Zuccaro, F. Cacace & M. Rauci Protecting, strengthening and repairing Fire damaged structures Examination, assessment and repair of RC structure damaged by fire 757 M. Cvetkovska & Lj. Lazarov X © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK Concrete members reinforced with FRP bars in fire situation 763 E. Nigro, G. Cefarelli, A. Bilotta, G. Manfredi & E. Cosenza Quick impact of protecting, strengthening and repairing and consequences of fire damaged structure – Hotel Union, Kosovo 769 V. Nushi, Sh. Nixha & N. Kabashi Analytical evaluation of fire resistance of FRP and hybrid RC beams – Part II 775 M.M. Rafi & A. Nadjai Experimental evaluation of fire resistance of FRP and hybrid RC beams – Part I 783 M.M. Rafi & A. Nadjai Innovative seismic protection technologies and study cases A school building construction in steel under seismic events 791 H.A. Arda Buyuktaskin Seismic protection of high-rise buildings by aluminum shear panels: A design application 795 A. Basile, G. Brando, G. De Matteis & F.M. Mazzolani Numerical and experimental evaluation of q factors for RC MRF strengthened of steel BRB 801 S. Bordea & D. Dubina Seismic isolation of buildings in Italy with double concave curved surface sliders 809 M.G. Castellano & S. Infanti Mechanical behavior evaluation of pure aluminum by static and dynamic tests 815 G. De Matteis, G. Brando & F.M. Mazzolani Evaluation of re-centring capability of dual frames with removable dissipative members: Case study for eccentrically braced frames with bolted links 821 F. Dinu, D. Dubina & A. Stratan Behaviour model for post-tensioned bolted RC frame – steel brace connection 829 A. Dogariu, S. Bordea & D. Dubina Base isolation seismic retrofit of a hospital building in Italy: Design and construction 835 M. Ferraioli, A.M. Avossa & F. Formato Base isolation seismic retrofit of a hospital building in Italy: Performance under earthquake strong ground motions 841 M. Ferraioli, R. Costanzo & A. Lavino Numerical investigation of old RC frames strengthened against earthquakes by high dissipation steel link elements 847 K.A. Georgiadi-Stefanidi & E. Mistakidis Seismic vulnerability reduction of existing masonry buildings. Modelling of retrofitting techniques 853 A. Gesualdo & M. Monaco Seismic retrofitting techniques for masonry arch bridges 859 A. Gesualdo, M. Monaco & M.T. Savino Experimental investigations on steel shear walls as seismic retrofit measure for existing rc-buildings 865 M. Gündel, D. Schmitt & B. Hoffmeister Optimizing the organization of infill walls in order to improve the earthquake response 871 D. Güney, A.O. Kurus¸cu & M. Vatan Experimental investigation of old R/C frames strengthened against earthquakes by high dissipation steel link elements 877 A.A. Karalis, K.C. Stylianidis & T.N. Salonikios Application of base isolation techniques for seismic protection of structures-study cases 883 L. Krstevska, L. Tashkov, M. Garevski & V. Shendova Using newly developed visco-elastic damper for building seismic design 891 B. Lim & H. Shen Application of smart strategies against severe dynamic actions 901 A. Mandara, F. Ramundo & G. Spina XI © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK