Urban Design for an Urban Century Shaping More Livable, Equitable, and Resilient Cities, 2d edition

370 Pages·2014·192.56 MB·English

by  Lance Jay Brown

URBAN DESIGN

for an URBAN CENTURY
Shaping More Livable, Equitable,
and Resilient Cities
Second Edition
Lance Jay Brown, FAIA
David Dixon, FAIA
Oliver Gillham, AIA
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Cover design: Wiley; Cover concept: Tyler Silvestro
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Brown, Lance Jay, 1943-
Urban design for an urban century : shaping more livable, equitable, and resilient cities / Lance Jay Brown,
FAIA; David Dixon, FAIA; Oliver Gillham, AIA. — Second edition.
1 online resource.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
ISBN 978-1-118-84581-3 (pdf) -- ISBN 978-1-118-84683-4 (epub) -- ISBN 978-1-118-45363-6 (hardback)
1. City planning—Social aspects. 2. Architecture—Human factors. I. Dixon, David, 1947 July 17-
II. Gillham, Oliver. III. Title.
NA9053.H76
711'.4—dc23
2014004809
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Acknowledgments vii District of Columbia Streetcar Land Use Study
(Washington, D.C.) 75
Introduction ix
Chicago Decarbonization Plan (Chicago) 79
Urban Design: A Social and Civic Art ix
Fayetteville 2030: Transit City Scenario (Fayetteville,
Arkansas) 81
Chapter 1
South Coast Rail Economic and Land Use Plan
Roots of Western Urban Form: Centralization 1 (Massachusetts) 88
First Cities 1 Citygarden (St. Louis, Missouri) 90
Rebirth of European Cities: “Organic” Cities of UrbanRiver Visions (Massachusetts) 93
the Late Middle Ages 3 Campus Martius Park (Detroit,
Reintroduction of Classical Learning: “Geometric” Michigan) 95
Cities of the Renaissance 5 The Future of Pittsburgh Hillsides (Pittsburgh,
The Emergence of Merchant Cities: Integrating Pennsylvania) 98
Renaissance Ideas and the Marketplace 9 Emscher Landscape Park (Ruhr Valley,
The Grid Reaches the New World 10 Germany) 108
The Industrial Revolution 15 SW Ecodistrict (Washington, D.C.) 111
Lloyd Crossing Sustainable Urban Design Plan
Chapter 2 (Portland, Oregon) 113
Decentralization: The Rise and Decline East Baltimore Comprehensive Physical
of Industrial Cities 31 Redevelopment Plan (Baltimore,
Maryland) 120
Proto-Urban Design: Rejecting a Classical Past to
Shape an Industrial Future 31 Torre David Informal Settlement (Caracas,
Venezuela) 124
Chapter 3
Recentralization: The Forces Shaping
Twenty-First-Century Urbanism 69 Chapter 4
Recentralization: Twenty-First-Century
New York Stock Exchange Financial District
Urbanism Takes Shape 131
Streetscapes and Security (New York, New
York) 71 Eastward Ho! (Southeast Florida) 134
iii
Charlottesville Commercial Corridor Study Swiss Government Plaza (Bern, Switzerland) 230
(Charlottesville, Virginia) 136
Tanner Springs Park (Portland, Oregon) 232
Crystal City Vision Plan 2050 (Arlington, Virginia) 142
Railroad Park (Birmingham, Alabama) 234
Sandy Springs City Center Master Plan (Sandy
Superkilen Park, Nørrebro (Copenhagen,
Springs, Georgia) 145
Denmark) 237
Portland Streetcar (Portland, Oregon) 159
Santa Monica Boulevard Master Plan (West
Belmar (Lakewood, Colorado) 169 Hollywood, California) 240
Bryant Park (New York, New York) 176 Broadway Boulevard (New York, New York) 243
Parc André Citröen (Paris, France) 178 POPOS: Privately Owned Public Open Spaces (San
Francisco, California) 248
Barclays Center (Brooklyn, New York) 181
Discovery Green (Houston, Texas) 185
Cheonggyecheon Stream Daylighting (Seoul, Chapter 5
South Korea) 197 Theories of Urbanism 255
LA Live (Los Angeles, California) 200
Seaside Town Square and Beachfront Master Plan
Marina Barrage (Singapore) 202 (Seaside, Florida) 259
Masdar City (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Madrid Río (Madrid, Spain) 262
Emirates) 204
HafenCity (Hamburg, Germany) 208
Chapter 6
Fairmount Line Smart-Growth Corridor (Boston,
Massachusetts) 214 Urban Design for an Urban Century: Principles,
Strategies, and Process 271
Ellen Wilson Neighborhood Redevelopment
(Washington, D.C.) 216 Bridge Street Corridor Plan (Dublin, Ohio) 273
North Wharf Promenade/Jellicoe Street/Silo Park National 9/11 Memorial (New York, New York) 289
(Auckland, New Zealand) 219
Millennium Park (Chicago, Illinois) 223
Afterword 299
The High Line (New York, New York) 225
Parco San Giuliano (Venice, Italy) 227 Index 301
iv Contents
In Memoriam: Oliver Gilham, AIA
The authors wish to acknowledge the essential contribution our friend
and co-author, Oliver Gilham AIA, made to the original edition of this
book. Oliver died in 2009, but his spirit and values infuse every page
of Urban Design for An Urban Century. A gifted urban designer and
acute observer of cities, Oliver never stopped working to deepen his and
our understanding of human settlement and the conditions that would
shape those settlements in the twenty-irst century. His 2002 book The
Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate helped shape
much of the thinking that underpins this book. Although an ardent critic
of sprawl, in Limitless City Oliver presented both sides of the debate
even-handedly in an effort to help nonprofessionals understand the
issues and the stakes involved—a characteristic of his humane and gen-
erous spirit. This book owes much to his broad view, keen insights, and
sense of urgency about improving the built environment.

Acknowledgments
We owe deep debts of thanks and gratitude in roughly including Ed Bacon, Rebecca Barnes, Kade Beni eld,
equal measure. These acknowledgments do not repay Paul Buckhurst, John Clarke, Steve Coyle, Ann Ferebee,
these debts, nor are they even complete, but as a start . . .  Dennis Ferris, Terry Foegler, Harrison Fraker, Alan
The indispensable Steve Wolf for serving as our Gass, Jean Gath, Robert L. Geddes, Diane Georgopulos,
project editor, cowriter, researcher, and friend. William Gilchrist, Toni Grifi n, John Hejduk, Alan
Tyler Silvestro for contributions to the text and Jacobs, Jane Jacobs, Randy Jones, Doug Kelbaugh,
for his inspired idea for the cover, along with Isabel Michael Kwartler, Rob Lane, David Lee, Kevin Lynch,
McCagg, Zazu Swistel, and Mikaela Kvan for helping Don Lyndon, Alan Mallach, Louis Mumford, Stuart
with research and myriad other tasks that are part of cre- Pertz, Michael Pittas, Steve Quick, Charles Redmon,
ating a book not made of whole cloth. William Roschen, Lawrence Rosenblum, Edward
The Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Seckler, Josep Lluís Sert, Ethel Sheffer, Ron Shiffman,
Architecture, City College of New York, and City Janet Marie Smith, David Spillane, Petr Stand, Mark
University of New York for i nancial support. Strauss, Laurie Volk, Wilhelm von Moltke, Alexandros
C oworkers at Goody Clancy and Stantec, in partic- Washburn, Sherry Kafka Wagner, Paul Lester
ular the inspired and inspiring group of people who love Weiner, Shadrach Woods, Sarah Woodworth, Bernd
planning and urban design. Zimmerman, Charles Zucker, and Paul Zykofsky . . . 
Colleagues, friends, and mentors, past and present, with apologies in advance to those we neglected to
who have generously shared their insights and perspec- mention.
tive over the years, and knowingly or not had an impor- Most of all, our heartfelt gratitude for patience,
tant inl uence on the authors and this book: the list support, and wisdom to our wonderful families: Irma
begins with fellow urban designers who helped guide Ostroff; Fred Lacerda; Sarah, Andrew, and Peter Dixon;
the American Institute of Architects’ Regional and Catlin Rockman; and Maya S.E. Brown and Sergio
Urban Design Committee and extends to a long list, Brown-Fondevila Cosculluela.
vii