Urban biodiversity and design PDF
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Urban Biodiversity and Design Urban Biodiversity and Design Edited by Norbert Müller, Peter Werner and John G. Kelcey © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN: 978-1-444-33266-7 ConservationScienceandPracticeSeries PublishedinassociationwiththeZoologicalSocietyofLondon Wiley-BlackwellandtheZoologicalSocietyofLondonareproudtopresentournewConservation ScienceandPracticevolumeseries.Eachbookintheseriesreviewsakeyissueinconservationtoday. Weareparticularlykeentopublishbooksthataddressthemultidisciplinaryaspectsofconservation, looking at how biological scientists and ecologists are interacting with social scientists to effect long-term,sustainableconservationmeasures. Booksintheseriescanbesingleormulti-authoredandproposalsshouldbesentto: WardCooper,SeniorCommissioningEditor,Wiley-Blackwell,JohnWiley&Sons,9600Garsington Road,OxfordOX42DQ,UK Email:[email protected] Eachbookproposalwillbeassessedbyindependentacademicreferees,aswellasourSeriesEditorial Panel.MembersofthePanelinclude: RichardCowling,NelsonMandelaMetropolitan,PortElizabeth,SouthAfrica JohnGittleman,InstituteofEcology,UniversityofGeorgia,USA AndrewKnight,NelsonMandelaMetropolitan,PortElizabeth,SouthAfrica GeorginaMace,ImperialCollegeLondon,SilwoodPark,UK DanielPauly,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Canada StuartPimm,DukeUniversity,USA HughPossingham,UniversityofQueensland,Australia PeterRaven,MissouriBotanicalGardens,USA MichaelSamways,UniversityofStellenbosch,SouthAfrica NigelStork,UniversityofMelbourne,Australia RosieWoodroffe,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,USA Previouslypublished WildRangelands:ConservingWildlifeWhileMaintainingLivestockinSemi-AridEcosystems EditedbyJohanT.duToit,RichardKockandJamesC.Deutsch ISBN:978-1-4051-7785-6Paperback;ISBN9781405194884Hardcover;424pages;January2010 ReintroductionofTop-OrderPredators EditedbyMattW.HaywardandMichaelJ.Somers ISBN:978-1-4051-7680-4Paperback;ISBN:978-1-4051-9273-6Hardcover;480pages;April2009 RecreationalHunting,ConservationandRuralLivelihoods:ScienceandPractice EditedbyBarneyDickson,JonathanHuttonandBillAdams ISBN:978-1-4051-6785-7Paperback;ISBN:978-1-4051-9142-5Hardcover;384pages;March2009 ParticipatoryResearchinConservationandRuralLivelihoods:DoingScienceTogether EditedbyLouiseFortmann ISBN:978-1-4051-7679-8Paperback;316pages;October2008 BushmeatandLivelihoods:WildlifeManagementandPovertyReduction EditedbyGlynDaviesandDavidBrown ISBN:978-1-4051-6779-6Paperback;288pages;December2007 ManagingandDesigningLandscapesforConservation:MovingfromPerspectivestoPrinciples EditedbyDavidLindenmayerandRichardHobbs ISBN:978-1-4051-5914-2Paperback;608pages;December2007 Conservation Science and Practice Series Urban Biodiversity and Design Edited by NorbertMu¨ller,PeterWerner&JohnG.Kelcey A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Thiseditionfirstpublished2010,©2010byBlackwellPublishingLtd BlackwellPublishingwasacquiredbyJohnWiley&SonsinFebruary2007.Blackwell’spublishing programhasbeenmergedwithWiley’sglobalScientific,TechnicalandMedicalbusinesstoform Wiley-Blackwell. Registeredoffice:JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex, PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices:9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowto applyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withtheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingor otherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthe priorpermissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.All brandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksor registeredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproduct orvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateand authoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstanding thatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorother expertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloguing-in-PublicationData Urbanbiodiversityanddesign/editedbyNorbertMu¨ller,PeterWerner&JohnG.Kelcey. p.cm.–(Conservationscienceandpracticeseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4443-3266-7(hardcover:alk.paper)–ISBN978-1-4443-3267-4(pbk.:alk.paper) 1.Urbanecology(Biology) 2.Biodiversity. I.Mu¨ller,Norbert. II.Werner,Peter. III.Kelcey,JohnG. QH541.5.C6U632010 577.5(cid:2)6–dc22 2009041247 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Setin10.5on12.5ptMinionbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India PrintedandboundinMalaysia 1 2010 Thisbookisbasedontheinternationalconference‘‘UrbanBiodiversityandDesign– ImplementingtheConventiononBiologicalDiversityintownsandcities’’from21to24May 2008inErfurt(Germany).Theconferenceandthebookwerepreparedwithinaresearchproject attheUniversityofAppliedSciencesErfurt(conductorNorbertMu¨ller)supportedbythe GermanFederalAgencyforNatureConservation(advisorTorstenWilke)withfundsfromthe GermanFederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservationandNuclearSafety (Duration2006-2009,FKZ80680220). Contents Contributors ix Foreword xv Preface xvii Introduction 1 1 UrbanBiodiversityandtheCaseforImplementingtheConvention onBiologicalDiversityinTownsandCities 3 NorbertMu¨llerandPeterWerner FundamentalsofUrbanBiodiversity 35 2 BiodiversityofUrban-IndustrialAreasanditsEvaluation–a CriticalReview 37 Ru¨digerWittig 3 CulturalAspectsofUrbanBiodiversity 56 AndyMillard 4 SocialAspectsofUrbanBiodiversity–anOverview 81 SarelCilliers 5 UrbanBiodiversityandClimateChange 101 DavidJ.Nowak 6 DesignandFutureofUrbanBiodiversity 118 MariaIgnatieva 7 UrbanPatternsandBiologicalDiversity:AReview 145 PeterWernerandRudolfZahner Contents vi HistoryandDevelopmentofUrbanBiodiversity 175 8 UrbanFlora:Historic,ContemporaryandFutureTrends 177 PhilipJames 9 EnvironmentalHistoryandUrbanColonizations fromanAvian Perspective 191 TimoVuorisalo 10 ConstraintsofUrbanizationonVegetationDynamicsina GrowingCity:AChronologicalFrameworkinRennes(France) 206 VincentPellissier,Fran¸coiseRozeandPhillipeClergeau 11 MostFrequentlyOccurringVascularPlantsandtheRoleof Non-native Species in Urban Areas – a Comparison of Selected CitiesintheOldandtheNewWorlds 227 NorbertMu¨ller 12 FactorsInfluencingNon-NativeTreeSpeciesDistribution inUrbanLandscapes 243 WayneC.Zipperer AnalysisandEvaluationofBiodiversityinCities 253 13 Towards an Automated Update of Urban Biotope Maps Using RemoteSensingData:WhatisPossible? 255 MathiasBochow,TheresPeisker,SigridRoessner,KarlSegl andHermannKaufmann 14 Analysis of the Planted and Spontaneous Vegetation at Selected OpenSpacesinApipucosDistrictofRecife,Brazil 273 DietmarSattler,SimoneSchmidt andMarccusViniciusdaSilvaAlves 15 MultivariateApproaches totheStudy of UrbanBiodiversity and Vegetation: An Example from a Southern Temperate Colonial City,Christchurch,NewZealand 291 GlennH.Stewart,MariaIgnatievaandColinD.Meurk 16 The Biodiversity of Historic Domestic Gardens – A Study in the WilhelminianQuarterofErfurt(Germany) 309 NorbertMu¨ller Contents vii 17 OldMasonryWallsasRuderalHabitatsforBiodiversity ConservationandEnhancementinUrbanHongKong 323 C.Y.Jim 18 GreenRoofs–UrbanHabitatsforGround-NestingBirds andPlants 348 NathalieBaumannandFriederikeKasten 19 South Atlantic Tourist Resorts: Predictors for Changes Induced byAfforestation 363 AnaFaggi,PabloPerepelizinandJoseR.Dadon SocialIntegrationandEducationforBiodiversity 381 20 UrbanGreenSpaces:NaturalandAccessible?TheCaseofGreater Manchester,UK 383 AleksandraKa´zmierczak,RichardArmitageandPhilipJames 21 UrbanWastelands–AChanceforBiodiversityinCities?Ecological Aspects, Social Perceptions and Acceptance of Wilderness by Residents 406 JulianeMatheyandDieterRink 22 PerceptionofBiodiversity–TheImpactofSchoolGardening 425 DorotheeBenkowitzandKarlheinzKo¨hler 23 Landscape Design and Children’s Participation in a Japanese PrimarySchool–PlanningProcessofSchoolBiotopefor5Years 441 KeitaroIto,IngunnFjortoft,TohruManabe,KentaroMasuda, MahitoKamadaandKatsunoriFujiwara 24 AttractingInterestinUrbanBiodiversitywithBirdStudiesinItaly 454 MarcoDinetti 25 AllotmentGardensasPartofUrbanGreenInfrastructure:Actual TrendsandPerspectivesinCentralEurope 463 Ju¨rgenH.Breuste Conservation,RestorationandDesignforBiodiversity 477 26 IntegrationofNaturalVegetationinUrbanDesign–Information, PersonalDeterminationandCommitment 479 ClasFlorga˚rd Contents viii 27 Prospects of Biodiversity in the Mega-City of Karachi, Pakistan: Potentials,ConstraintsandImplications 497 SalmanQureshiandJu¨rgenH.Breuste 28 PotentialofBiodiversityandRecreationinShrinkingCities: ContextualizationandOperationalization 518 DagmarHaaseandSophieSchetke 29 Near-NaturalRestorationStrategiesinPost-miningLandscapes 539 AnitaKirmerandSabineTischew 30 Restoration and Design of Calcareous Grasslands in Urban and SuburbanAreas:ExamplesfromtheMunichPlain 556 ChristineJoas,JohannesGna¨dinger,KlausWiesinger,Ru¨digerHaase andKathrinKiehl 31 ContributionofLandscapeDesigntoChangingUrban ClimateConditions 572 KatrinHagenandRichardStiles 32 EconomicsandtheConventiononBiodiversity:Financial IncentivesforEncouragingBiodiversityinNagoya 593 RyoKohsaka Conclusions 608 NorbertMu¨ller,PeterWernerandJohnG.Kelcey Index 611 Contributors Richard Armitage University of Salford, School of Environment and Life Sciences,PeelBuilding,TheCrescent,Salford,M54WT,UnitedKingdom. [email protected] NathalieBaumannZHAWZurichUniversityofAppliedSciences,Instituteof NaturalResourceSciences,CampusGru¨ental,P.O.Box,8820Wa¨denswil, [email protected] Dorothee Benkowitz University of Education, Bismarckstr. 10, 76133 Karlsruhe,[email protected] MathiasBochowHelmholtzCentre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Cen- tre for Geosciences, Section 1.4 Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam,[email protected] Ju¨rgenH.BreusteUrbanandLandscapeEcology,DepartmentofGeography andGeology,UniversitySalzburg,Hellbrunnerstrasse34,A-5020Salzburg, [email protected] Sarel Cilliers School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North- West University, Hoffmann Street, Private Bag x1006, Potchefstroom, [email protected] Phillipe Clergeau National Museum of Natural History, 55 rue de Buffon, CP5175005Paris,[email protected] Jose´R.DadonCONICET,FacultaddeCienciasExactasyNaturalesyFacultad de Arquitectura, Disen˜o y Urbanismo, Universidad de Buenos Aires, [email protected] Marco Dinetti Ecologia Urbana, Viale Petrarca 103, 57124 Livorno, Italy. [email protected] Ana Faggi CONICET, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, A.Gallardo 470,BuenosAires,[email protected] Ingunn Fjortoft Telemark University College, 3679 Notodden, Norway. [email protected] Contributors x Clas Florga˚rd Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of UrbanandRuralDevelopment,UnitofLandscapeArchitecture,Box7012, SE-75007Uppsala,Sweden.clas.fl[email protected] Katsunori Fujiwara Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan Johannes Gna¨dinger LAB Dr. Gna¨dinger, Landscape Ecology and Landscape Architecture, Bahnhofstraße 16 a, 85354 Freising, Germany. [email protected] DagmarHaaseHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch–UFZ,Depart- mentofComputationalLandscapeEcology,Permoserstr.15,04318Leipzig, [email protected] Ru¨digerHaase Haase& So¨hmisch, LandscapeArchitecture, Angerbrunnen- straße10,85356Freising,Germany KatrinHagenViennaUniversityofTechnology,Operngasse11,1040Vienna, [email protected] MariaIgnatieva SchoolofLandscapeArchitecture, FacultyofEnvironment, Society & Design, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Canterbury, Aotearoa, [email protected] KeitaroIto Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui Tobata Kitakyushu, [email protected] Philip James Urban Nature, Research Institute for the Built and Human Environment, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford,PeelBuilding,TheCrescent,Salford,M54WT,UnitedKingdom. [email protected] C.Y.JimDepartmentofGeography,TheUniversityofHongKong,Pokfulam Road,[email protected] Christine Joas Heidefla¨chenverein Mu¨nchener Norden e. V., Bezirksstraße 27,85716Unterschleißheim,Germany.info@heideflaechenverein.de MahitoKamadaTokushimaUniversity,2-1Minami-Josanjima,Tokushima, [email protected] FriederikeKastenZHAWZurichUniversityofAppliedSciences,Instituteof NaturalResourceSciences,CampusGru¨ental,P.O.Box,8820Wa¨denswil, [email protected] Hermann Kaufmann Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research CentreforGeosciences,Section1.4RemoteSensing,Telegrafenberg,14473 Potsdam,[email protected]
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