Uranium Processing and Properties PDF
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Jonathan S. Morrell · Mark J. Jackson Editors Uranium Processing and Properties Uranium Processing and Properties Jonathan S. Morrell (cid:129) Mark J. Jackson Editors Uranium Processing and Properties Editors JonathanS.Morrell MarkJ.Jackson CompatibilityandSurveillanceSection CenterforAdvancedManufacturing Y-12NationalSecurityComplex PurdueUniversity OakRidge,TN WestLafayette,IN USA USA ISBN978-1-4614-7590-3 ISBN978-1-4614-7591-0(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-7591-0 SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013943696 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaNewYork2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface The processing and properties of uranium and its alloys are the subject of much scrutinyatthepresenttimeowingtoaresurgenceofactivityinthefieldofnuclear technology. This book is a summary of work prepared by experts in the field of uranium, with some special submissions based on presentations and papers included at the “Processing of Specialty Metals with Emphasis on Depleted Uranium Users’ Conferences” that were sponsored by the American Society of Materials, Manufacturing Sciences Corporation, and the Y-12 National Security ComplexatOakRidge,Tennessee.Theseconferencesoccurredin2004,2007,and 2010 with contributors from academia, industry, and government including the Department of Energy—National Nuclear Security Administration laboratories and facilities, and the Atomic Weapons Establishment at Aldermaston, United Kingdom. The chapters provide an authoritative text on the current developments inthefieldofprocessingandpropertiesofuranium. Chapter 1 focuses on the physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical properties of uranium metal; Chap. 2 focuses on several casting and melting techniques; Chaps. 3 and 4 cover machining with coated cutting tools and the grinding parameters of uranium, respectively; Chap. 5 deals with aqueous extrac- tiontechniques andprocesseswith emphasisonthe chemicalprinciplesinvolved; Chaps. 6 and 7 focus on uranium corrosion with specific detail on the phase relationships and kinetic processes describing the pure uranium–hydrogen binary system and the ternary processes involving oxygen, respectively; Chap. 8 focuses on the fundamentals supporting nondestructive evaluation techniques as well as the methods themselves which are applicable to uranium systems; lastly, Chap. 9 covers developments of new medical isotope production using low-enriched uraniumfuel. The structure of the book is based on the materials provided by many colleagues,andtheauthorwishestothankthecontributorsofthisbookforhelping construct a current source of knowledge and information on uranium processing v vi Preface and properties as well as for granting the editors permission to use such material. The editors also acknowledge the help and support of Merry Stuber and her colleagues at Springer publishers for help in preparing the manuscript in a timely manner. OakRidge,TN,USA JonathanS.Morrell WestLafayette,IN,USA MarkJ.Jackson Contents 1 IntroductiontoUranium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 NathanR.Gubel,KennethH.Eckelmeyer,KimberlyN.Johnson, MarkJ.Jackson,andJonathanS.Morrell 2 MeltingandCastingofUranium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 EdwardB.Ripley 3 MachiningofUraniumandUraniumAlloyswithCoated CuttingTools. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . 71 MarkJ.Jackson,GrantM.Robinson,MichaelD.Whitfield, RodneyG.Handy,andJonathanS.Morrell 4 GrindingofUraniumandUraniumAlloys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 MarkJ.Jackson,MichealD.Whitfield,GrantM.Robinson, RodneyG.Handy,andJonathanS.Morrell 5 UraniumProcessing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 BrajendraMishra,NathanR.Gubel,andRahulBhola 6 TheUranium–HydrogenBinarySystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 G.LouisPowell 7 UraniumCorrosionNearAmbientTemperature. . . . . . . . . . . . 189 G.LouisPowell 8 NondestructiveEvaluationofUranium:Fundamentals andFuture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 JonathanPoncelow,DavidL.Olson,CameronHoward, KamaluKoenig,andCraigVanHorn vii viii Contents 9 High-Density,Low-EnrichedUranium-BasedTarget forRadioisotopeProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 GaryL.Solbrekken,KylerK.Turner, andSrisharanG.Govindarajan EditorsBiography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Contributors Rahul Bhola Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Colorado SchoolofMines,Golden,CO,USA KennethH.Eckelmeyer 6ValleyViewCourt,Placitas,NM,USA Srisharan G. Govindarajan Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University ofMissouri-Columbia,Columbia,MO,USA Nathan R. Gubel Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,CO,USA Rodney G. Handy Department of Engineering Technology & Construction Management,UniversityofNorthCarolina-Charlotte,Charlotte,NC,USA Cameron Howard Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,CO,USA Mark J. Jackson Center for Advanced Manufacturing, Purdue University, WestLafayette,IN,USA KimberlyN.Johnson UniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,TN,USA KamaluKoenig StructuralIntegrityAssociates,Inc.,Centennial,CO,USA Brajendra Mishra Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,CO,USA JonathanS.Morrell Y-12NationalSecurityComplex,OakRidge,TN,USA David L. Olson Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,CO,USA Jonathan Poncelow Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, ColoradoSchoolofMines,Golden,CO,USA G.LouisPowell Y-12NationalSecurityComplex,OakRidge,TN,USA EdwardB.Ripley Y-12NationalSecurityComplex,OakRidge,TN,USA ix
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