Table Of Content

A Ura: disappelaarinnggu age of southVearnn uatu Crowley, T. Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu. C-156, x + 226 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1999. DOI:10.15144/PL-C156.cover ©1999 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. PACIFILCI NGUISTICS FOUNDlNEGD ITORS:t epAh.We unr m EDITORBIOALA RD:M alcoDl.Rm o sasn Dda rlrTle.T ry(oMn anaEgdiintgo rs), John BoTwhdoemEna,.Ds u ttAonnd,r Ke.wP awley PaciLfiincg uisitaspi ucbsl isspheecri ailnli isnignudgie sstciirocind psit,c tioantalraiseess, anodt hmeart eornil aaln guoaftg hePesa icfict,hP eh ilippinesa,n Sd ouItnhdeoansets ia Asia.a uTthheao nredsd itoofPr asc iLfiicn guipsutbilcisca artei odnfrrsoa mwa nw ide ranogfies n tituatrioounnwsdo rtlhde. PaciLfiincg uiissat siscotscew idia tthhR ee seaSrcchhoo ofPl a ciafniAdcs iSatnu dies at TheA ursatlNiaatni oUnnailve rPsaciitLfyii.nc g uiwsaetss itcasb liin1s 69h3te hdr oaung h inigtriaafrnlot mt hHeu ntDeoru gFluansItd i.sa n on-iptr-omfabkoidnyg filnaarngceeldy frotmh e soafil tbesos o tkosl ibraries and indiwvoirdlwudia,tls hso met hroughout the assistatnhcSeec hfroooml . ThEed itoBroiaaorlfdP aciLfiincg uiismsat diuecp s tohfae c adesmtiaocfft f h Sec hlo'os DepartomfLe intn guiTshteBi ocasra.dl saop poian tbsoo dfey d itoardivailsd orrasw n frotmh ien ternatcioomnmaulno iflt iyn guPiusbtltsii.co iannSs e riAe,Bs a ndC and textbionSo ekrsDi aersre e febryes ecdh owliatrrhes l eevxapnetr tisneo rwmhaonl olatyr e membeorfts he ed itboorairadl. Tod atPea ciLfinigcu ishtapisuc bsl iosvhe4er00d v oluimnfeuo srs eries: • SeriAe:s O ccasiPoanpaelr cso;l leocfts ihoonrpsta epreu rssu,ao lnal ys itnogpliec ora rea. • SeriBe:s M onograophfis n termleednigatthe. • SeriCe:s B ookps;u blicoafgt rieoalntesen rge tshp,e crieeafrlelnbyco eo skusc ahs dictrieiosan nagdr amm,aa nrcdso enrfenpcreoe cdeings. • SeriDe:s S peciPaulb licatiinocnlsua;dcr ihnigmva atlae lrpsie,d agowgoirckasl, mapasu,d iovpirsoudaulca tnimdoa ntsae,lrt sih daotn ofti t tihonett hoe r series. SerCi,eV so lu1m65e URA: A DISAPPEARING LANGUAGE OF SOUTHERN VANUATU TeCrrroyw ley PacLiifincgu istics ResearScchh ooolfP aciafincd A siaSnt udies TheA ustraNlaitiaonn aUln iversity Canberra PublibsyPh aecdiL fiicn guistics Researcho fPS acchiaofinocAdl s iSatnu dies ThAe ursatlNiaatni Uonniavle rsity POBox14 28 CanbeArCrTa2 601 Australia Copyr©i Tghhaetu thor Firpsutb li1s99h9e d NatiLoinbarloa fAr uys trCaaltiaal oguincagit-oeinnn t-rPyu:b li TerCrryo wl19e5y3,- UraA: d isapipnlegaa nragguoefs outVhaenrnu atu. Bibliography. ISB0N 8 588532 07 . ISS00N78 -7558. 1.E romalnagnagg eu- Garammar.2. A ustrolnaensgiuaang es. 3.E roma(nVgaan u-aLtaun)g usa.gA euIs.t rNaaltiiaUonnn iavle rsity. Researcho fPS acchiaofinocAdl s iSatnu dDieepsot.fL. i nguistics. n.T it(lSerei.se P:a cific LinguCi-1s5t6i).c s. Series 499.5 CopyedbiyBt aesdWi ill son TypebsyNe to rmCah in Prnitebdy APNrUni tiSnegr vCiacneb,e rra BounbdyF & M PerfBeocotk binCdainbnegrr,a Contoevnetrvsi ew Tables Xl Maps xiii Acknloegwdments xiv Abbreviations xvi Convenitnci iotneisxn apgml es xvii Chapt1er I ntroduction 1 Chapt2e rD ictionary 10 Chapt3e rU raT exts 70 Chapt4e rP honology 160 Chapt5e rN on-VerMboarlp hology 172 Chapt6e rV erbM orphology 148 Chapt7e rP hrase-lSetvreulc tures 148 Chapt8e rS entenScter uctures 189 Rfeerences 226 Chapctoenrti ednne ttsa il 1 Introduction 1.1G eographaincdad le mograpbhaicck ground 1 12. UraS,y ea nd' impuriitnit ehsec' o rpus 3 13. Previowuosr ko nU ra 5 14. Thep resesnttu dy 6 15. Typologiocvaelr view 8 2 Dictionary 21. Dictioneanrtyr ies 10 2.1.1Or ganisaotfii nofno rmation 10 21.2. Spelling 12 2.2U ra-Engldiischt ionary 12 2.3E nglish-fiUnrdae rlist 49 3 Urat exts 3.1U rat exatnsd S yee quivalents 70 31..1Ur aa:d isappealrainnggu age 70 31.2. Thed evialn dt heo ldm an 71 31.3. Thed evialn dt het hregeo ats 71 31.4. Thed evialn dt het wins 71 31.5. Theb iradn dt hed og 72 31.6. Lifien t heo ldd ays 72 31.7. Thes harakn dt hel izard 73 3.81 T.hec hiladn dt hed og 74 31.9. A manf romP onamlah 74 31..0 1Thef lyifnogxa ndt her at 75 31..11 Ther aatn dt het urtle 75 31..2 1Thew omana ndt hei nsect 76 3.1T.h1ey3 a ms atnhdme an 77 3.2U rat exwtist Ehn gligslho sses 79 3.12 .Uraa:d isappealrainnggu age 79 viii Chpatceoren nstit nde atil 3.2.T2he d evialn dt heo ldm an 81 3.2.T3he d evialn dt het hregeo ats 82 3.2.T4h ed evialn d tthwei ns 83 3.2.T5he b iradn dt hed og 83 3.2.L6if ien t heo ldd ays 84 3..27T hes harakn d tlhiez ard 87 3.2.Th8e c hiladn dt hed og 89 3.2.A9 m anf romP onamlah 90 3.120.T hef lyifnogx atnhder at 92 3.121.T he rat atnudr ttlhee 94 3.122.T hew orma ndt hei nsect 98 3.123.T hey amsa ndt hem an 100 4 Phonology 4.1 Phonemien ventory 160 4.1.1Co nsonants 160 41.2. Vowels 141 4.2W ord-inirteidaulc tion 151 4.3S tress 151 4.4P honotactics 161 4.14 .Syllabicity 161 4.4.V2ow eal ndg lidsee quences 171 4.4.R3oo t-insietgimaeln ts 181 4.4.R4o ot-fisneaglm ents 191 4.4.I5nt ervoccoanlsiocn saenqtu ences 191 4.511 orphophonemics 121 45..1S egmentcahla nges 121 4.5.R2ed uplication 132 4.611 0rphemaen dw ordb oundaries 142 4.7O rthography 152 5 Non-vermboarlp hology 51. Nominamlo rphology 172 51..1Pr onouns 172 51.2. Nouns 192 5.2A djectimvoarlp hology 124 5.12 .Simplaen dd erivaeddj ectives 124 5.2.N2um beorn a djectives 145 5.3P repositmioornpahlo logy 145 6 Verbmaolr phology 61. Verb-rmouotta tion 148 Chpatceorn tiednne tlts a i ix 6.1.1C onditioennivnigr onments 148 6.1.2F ormo fr oomto dification 151 6.2 Inflectiporneafilx es 156 6.2.1O verview 156 6.2.2P refisxe ts 157 6.2.3U ninflected verbs 171 6.3 Objemcatr king 171 6.3.1F ullsyu ffixveedr bs 172 6.3.2P artsluyf fivxeerdb s 174 6.3.3U nsuffixveedr bs 175 6.3.4O theorb jeccotn structions 176 6.4 Post-object suffixes 177 6.5 Derivativoenramblo rphology 179 6.5.1D erivativoenrablpa rle fixes 179 6.5.2D erivativoenrabslau lf fixes 180 6.5.3R eduplication 183 7 Phrase-sltervueclt ures 7.1 Nominaplh rases 184 7.1.1P ronomipnharla ses 184 7.1.2N ounp hrases 187 7.1.3C oordinnaotuenp hrases 194 7.1.4A pposition 194 7.2 Prepositpihornaasle s 195 7.3 Verbaplh rases 196 7.4 Univermsoadli fier 197 8 Sentesntcreu ctures 8.1 Basiccl autsyep es 198 8.1.1N on-verbal clauses 198 8.1.2V erbacll auses 199 8.1.3N on-coarreg uments 201 8.2 Interrogative clauses 212 8.3 Nounp hramsoev ement rules 214 8.4 Complesxe ntences 215 8.4.1E chos ubjeccotn struction 215 8.4.2S ubordinating prefixes 219 8.4.3P re-clausal subordinators 221 8.4.4R elatcilvaeu ses 223 8.4.5C oordination 224 8.5 Discouprastet erns 224