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SY LLOGE OF COI NS OF THE BR ITISH ISLES 52 ACTA U NIV ERSITATIS U PSA LIENSIS Studia Numismatica Upsaliensia 1 S T U D I A N U M I S M AT I CA U P SA L I E NSI A 1 UPPSALA UNIVERSITY COIN CABINET Anglo-Saxon and later British Coins BY ELSA LINDBERGER Fil. Lic. EDITED BY MARK BLACKBURN AND HARALD NILSSON 2006 S Y L L O G E O F C O I N S O F T H E BR I T I SH I SL E S 52 UPPSALA UNIVERSITY COIN CABINET Anglo-Saxon and later British Coins BY ELSA LINDBERGER Fil. Lic. EDITED BY MARK BLACKBURN AND HARALD NILSSON Published for THE BRITISH ACADEMY by OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS and SPINK & SON LIMITED 2006 Oxford University Press, Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York and Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden www.uu.se [email protected] © The British Academy and Uppsala University, 2006 Database right The British Academy and Uppsala University (maker) First published 2006 All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Uppsala University, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to Uppsala University, Coin Cabinet, PO Box 256, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden. You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available ISBN 0 –19–726339–9 978–0–19–726339–6 Studia Numismatica Upsaliensia ISSN 1652–7232 Typeset in Times New Roman by Ulrika Bornestaf and Ord och Grafik, Flen Printed in Sweden on acid-free paper by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm, Sweden, 2006 The publication of this volume has been assisted by a generous grant from Gunnar Ekströms stiftelse för numismatisk forskning CONTENTS FOREWORD by Harald Nilsson vii HISTORY AND GROWTH OF THE COLLECTION by Elsa Lindberger 1 FINDS REPRESENTED IN THE UPPSALA UNIVERSITY COIN CABINET AND OTHER SOURCES FOR THE COLLECTION by Kenneth Jonsson 19 ABBREVIATIONS AND LITERATURE 24 ARRANGEMENT 32 CATALOGUE AND PLATES 33 1. EARLY SILVER PENNIES (‘SCEATTAS’) 1-2. ANGLO-SAXON SERIES 1. KINGDOM OF NORTHUMBRIA. Eanred 3. 1. KINGDOM OF MERCIA. Burgred 4. 1. VIKINGS OF NORTHUMBRIA. Anlaf Guthfrithsson 5. 1. KINGS OF WESSEX. Edward the Elder 6. 1-31. KINGS OF ALL ENGLAND 1. Æthelstan 7-8; Eadmund 9; Eadred 10-11; Eadwig 12; Eadgar 13-15. 2. Edward the Martyr 16. 2-18. Æthelred II. First Hand, bust left 17; First Hand, bust right 18-31; Second Hand 32-44; Second Hand/Crux mule 45; Crux 46-164; Transitional Crux 165-6; Long Cross 167-280; Helmet 281- 319; Last Small Cross 320-402. 19-27. Cnut. Quatrefoil 403-504; Pointed Helmet 505-58; Short Cross 559-96. 28. Harold I. Jewel Cross 597-604; Fleur-de-Lis 605-13. 29. Harthacnut. Arm-and Sceptre 614-17. 29-30. Edward the Confessor. Pacx 618-9; Radiate Small Cross 620-7; Trefoil Quadrilateral 628-31; Small Flan 632-4; Expanding Cross 635-6; Pointed Helmet 637-8; Hammer Cross 639; Facing Bust 640; Pyramids 641. 30. Harold II. Pax 642. vi CONTENTS ANGLO-NORMAN SERIES 31. William I. Profile/Cross Fleury 643; Bonnet 644; Two Stars 645. 31. William II. Cross Voided 646; Cross Pattée and Fleury 647. 31. Henry I. Pax 648. 31. Stephen, Cross Voided and Mullets 649-650. PLANTAGENET SERIES 32. Henry II. Cross-and-Crosslets (Tealby) type 651. 32. Henry II to Henry III. Short Cross coinage 652-7. 32. Henry III to Edward I. Long Cross coinage 658-62. 33. HIBERNO-NORSE SERIES Sithric III, phase I-III. Crux 663; Long Cross in the name of Sithric 664-9; Long Cross in the name of Æthelred II and the Dublin mint-signature 670-1; Small Cross in the name of Sithric 672-673; Reduced-weight imitations of Long Cross pennies of Æthelred II 674; Further reduced-weight pennies, imitation of Long Cross pennies of Æthelred II 675. ANGLO-IRISH SERIES 33. John. First (Rex) coinage 676-677. 34-37. IMITATATIVE SERIES Crux 678-81; Crux/Intermediate Small Cross 682-4; Long Cross. Intelligible obverse legends. Æthelred 685-91; Long Cross. Intelligible obverse legends. Cnut 692-3; Long Cross. Blundered obverse legends 694-713; Long Cross. Bust right 714; Long Cross. Type variant 715; Long Cross/Crux 716; Long Cross/Last Small Cross 717-9; Long Cross/Quatrefoil 720; Helmet 721; Helmet/Long Cross 722-4; Helmet/Last Small Cross 725-6; Last Small Cross 727-31; Last Small Cross. Bust right 732; Last Small Cross. Rev./rev 733; Quatrefoil 734-5; Quatrefoil/Long Cross 736; Pointed Helmet 737-40; Unidentified type 741. INDEX OF MINTS 112 INDEX OF MONEYERS 114 CONTENTS FOREWORD IN 1991 I was asked to take over from my predecessor Dr Bertil Wærn respon- sibility for the Uppsala University Coin Cabinet as from 1992 on a part-time basis. From the beginning I saw the possibility of publishing parts of this important collection. At that time I was very much influenced by the project Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum qui in Suecia reperti sunt (CNS). Every year many leading numismatists came to Stockholm and the Royal Coin Cabinet to work with the Viking-Age coin hoards and brought with them an atmosphere of international contacts and co-operation. The proposal of starting a new series in Uppsala for publishing the collections of the University Coin Cabinet with the name Studia Numismatica Upsaliensia was immediately approved by the editorial committee of the Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. The Anglo-Saxon coin collection was already being documented and photographed in Stockholm, and it was thus easy to choose this as the first project for the new series. By generous support from the Gunnar Ekström Foundation for Numismatic Research it was possible to finance Dr Elsa Lindberger’s work on a new basis for publication. Ever since her time at the Royal Coin Cabinet and the Corpus Nummorum Saeculorum project she has been promoting contacts between scholars and the Uppsala University Coin Cabinet, and I gladly accepted her offer to prepare the catalogue. It is my firm conviction that this book will do full justice to her long work within the field of Viking-Age numismatics. Very soon I contacted Dr Mark Blackburn, and we both thought it a good idea to publish this first volume in collaboration with the British Academy and the SCBI series. I wish to thank him for all his help over the years and not least for his invaluable editing and proof-reading in the final stages of the publication. Many people have helped to make this book possible. Mrs Ingela Däcker with her superior skill helped us to draw up the layout of the text in Word Perfect and this has ultimately helped us to reduce the printing costs. Gabriel Hildebrand, Gunnel Jansson (†) and Jan Eve Olsson have photographed the coins viii CONTENTS with great skill. Thanks are also due to the Royal Coin Cabinet, Stockholm, for permission to use photographs taken over many years. Without curator Ulrika Bornestaf’s unstinting support for the whole project, as well as her skilled work in typing the catalogue, the project would have taken much longer to fulfil. I want to express my deepest gratitude to her. I would also like to thank Professors Brita Malmer and Kenneth Jonsson for their comments and help. Professor Jonsson kindly provided us with a list of the coin hoards from his database. Nigel Rollison (†) translated a preliminary version of Dr Lindberger’s Intro- duction into English. Thanks are also due to the staff of the Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis for their help in producing the book. Mr Richard Hodges scanned the mounted plates and skilfully made the final lay-out of the plates. It is a great pleasure and satisfaction to see this first volume of the Studia Numismatica Upsaliensia in print. We hope to continue with the German Viking-Age coins in the near future. HARALD NILSSON Uppsala University Coin Cabinet