Untitled - Saudi Arabian Cultural Mission PDF
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ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟا ﻲﺜﺤﺒﻟاو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا جﻮﺘﻨﻤﻟا ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺘﺑ ةردﺎﺒﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا تﺎﻴﻘﺤﻠﻤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﻟا تﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﻢﺘﺤﺗ ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻌﻳ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺎًﻗﻼﻄﻧا ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻳدﻮﻌﺴﻟا ﻦﻴﺜﻌﺘﺒﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻳدﻮﻌﺴﻟا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻌﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟا ﺪﻴﺟ دودﺮﻣو ﺔﻳﻮﻤﻨﺗ ﺔﻐﺒﺼﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛو ﻞﻴﺻﻷاو ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺮﻜﺘﺒﻤﻟا ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟ ﺎﻬﻤﻋدو ﺎﻫﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ . تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻤﻨﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺾﻬﻨﻳ ﺔﻟﺎﺳر ﺪﻴﺴﺠﺗ ﻲﻓ هرودو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺎﻴﻟاﺮﺘﺳا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا ﺔﻴﻘﺤﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎًﻛاردإو ﻪﺘﻟوأو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا جﻮﺘﻨﻤﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺗ ﻰﻟا تردﺎﺑ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﺔﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻫرود ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗو ثﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﻊﻳرﺎﺸﻣو ثﺎﺤﺑأ تﺎﺼﺨﻠﻣ ﻖﻴﺛﻮﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣاو ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻤﺘﻫا ﻞﺟ . ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻠﻟ ﺎًﻔﻳدر ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﺎﻴﻗروو ﺎﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟا ﻰﻟوﻷا ﻪﺘﺨﺴﻧ ﻲﻓ رﺪﺼﻳ يﺬﻟا ﻞﻴﻟﺪﻟا ﺐﻳﻮﺒﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻋور ﺪﻗو ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﺞﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺲﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﻰﻟا ةﻮﻄﺧ ﻲﻓ ﻚﻟذو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا وا ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟا ناﻮﻨﻋ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا يﺪﻳا لوﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻠﻌﺟو ﻪﺑ ءﺎﻘﺗرﻻاو ﺔﻴﻘﺤﻠﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟﻹا ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟاو ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا .اﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻤﻨﻳا ﻦﻴﻤﺘﻬﻤﻟاو ﻦﻴﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟا ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟا نوﺆﺸﻟا ةرادإ 1 هارﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ﺔﺟرد ثﺎﺤﺑأ ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺮﻟا ردﺎﻘﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ مﺎﺼﻋ :ﺚﻌﺘﺒﻤﻟا ﻢﺳا ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟا ةرازو :ثﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻬﺟ ﻲﻧﺪﻴﺳ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ : ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ﺚﻌﺘﺒﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟا ﻢﺳا ﺔﺳﺪﻨﻫ :مﺎﻌﻟا ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟا ICT :ﻖﻴﻗﺪﻟا ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟا [email protected] :لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺔﻠﻴﺳو 1/ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ NIEئراﻮﻄﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺘﻟ ئراﻮﻄﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺧو ﻒﺋﺎﻇو ﺔﺳارﺪﻟ جذﺎﻤﻨﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟ ةﺬﻓﺎﻧ ﺢﺘﻓ ﻮﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻣ فﺪﻬﻟا .ﻲﺗاﺬﻟا ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻧ ﻲﻓ تﺎﻗﺎﻔﺧﻹا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﺧ طﺎﻘﻧ يدﺎﻔﺘﻟ مﺎﻈﻧ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺶﻗﺎﻨﻳو (NIE) ﻲﻓ كﻮﻠﺴﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧوﺎﻌﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻧوﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻا ﺞﻣاﺮﺒﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺜﻣ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟا ﺚﺤﺒﻟا طﺎﺸﻧو ﺔﻴﻛﺬﻟا ةﺰﻬﺟﻷا ﻦﻣ أﺰﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ اءﺰﺟ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا نوﺎﻌﺘﻟا تﻻﻮﻛﻮﺗوﺮﺑو ﺲﻛﺎﻌﻤﻟا لﺎﺠﻤﻟا .ئراﻮﻄﻟا تﺎﻣﺪﺧ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟ ﺔﻠﺼﻟا تاذ تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟا An Abstract of the English research/1 NIE Models of Emergency Services Interpretability The goal of the paper is to provide an insight into modeling techniques for studying emergency services interoperability functions in system design to avoid hidden points of failures. Concepts of artificial Neuro-Immune-Endocrine (NIE) models for autonomous self-configuring and self-healing systems are discussed. The paper features examples of collaborative software agents’ behaviour in hostile environments, cooperating protocols, smart embedded devices and pro-active infrastructures in various areas related to emergency services operations. 2 2/ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ بﻮﺳﺎﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻘﻠﻌﺘﻤﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺒﻟا ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟاو ﺞﻣد ﻲﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻻ ءﺰﺟ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻧﻻا تﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳاو ةدﺪﻌﺘﻤﻟا ﻂﺋﺎﺳﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻀﻣ ﺖﻗو يأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳاﺰﺘﻤﻟا مﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻا ءاﺮﺟإ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗو ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﺑﺎﻗ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺞﻣاﺮﺑ و ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ قاﻮﺳأ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻢﻈﻧ ﻦﻣ أﺰﺠﺘﻳ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﻘﺗ .بﻮﺳﺎﺤﻟا ﺞﻣاﺮﺑ تﺎﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﻳ ﺎﻣو ضﺮﻐﻟا اﺬﻬﻟو ﻞﻣﺎﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺠﻟﺎﻌﻣ ،ﻂﺋاﺮﺨﻟا ،رﻮﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ مﺪﺨﺗ تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ةﺪﻋﺎﻘﺑ ﺔﻠﺼﺘﻣ ةﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﺪﺋاﻮﻓ مﺪﻘﺗ ةﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟا .ﺔﻴﺌﻳﺰﺠﻟا تﺎﻣﻮﺳﺮﻟا و ﺔﻴﻄﻴﻄﺨﺘﻟا مﻮﺳﺮﻟا ،تاﻮﺻﻷا ،ةرﻮﺼﻤﻟا مﻼﻓﻷا An Abstract of the English research/2 A Quest for the Integrated Object Oriented Approach in Software Design Ever growing interest in multimedia, web applications and embedded systems has created completely new markets and related software applications. New software solutions need to be scalable, configurable and require handling a massive amount of transactions. For this purpose Object-Oriented technology offers significant benefits as no longer ‘traditional’ relational database is seen to be effective in handling massive sets of images, maps, videos, sounds, financial instruments, engineering diagrams or molecular structures. The paper offers a unique insight into practice-based training in design of management systems with high performance capabilities of commercial OODBMS in Software Systems Design. 3 3/ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ ةﺪﻳﺪﺟ تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﺟﻮﻤﻟا ةﺎﻛﺎﺤﻣ زﺎﻬﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺐﻳرﺪﺘﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺣ مﺎﻈﻧ تﺎﺟﻮﻤﻟا ةﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ تاداﺪﻋإ و ﺔﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻞﻌﺠﻳ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻧأو تﻼﺻﻮﻤﻟا ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﻲﻓ ةدﺎﻳﺰﻟا نإ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﺒﻠﺳ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺎﻀﻳأ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟا ﺔﻤﻈﻧأ ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ فوﺮﻇ ﻲﻓ تاﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟاو ،ﺔﻳﺎﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﻌﺻ تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺘﻟا ﺎﻣ وأ دﺪﺤﻤﻟا ﻮﺤﻨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ فﻮﺳو ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻗو تﻼﻳﺪﺒﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ يأ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﺐﻌﺼﻟا ﻦﻣو تﻼﺻﻮﻤﻟا .مﺎﻈﻨﻟا ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺗ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻤﻟا تﻼﻳﺪﺒﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟا نﺎﻛ اذإ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﻖﻴﺴﻨﺘﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻘﺗ ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺐﺴﺣ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟا مﺎﻈﻨﻟا رﺎﻃإ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا هﺬﻫ ﺚﺤﺒﺗ ﺄﻄﺨﻟا عﻮﻧو ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻓﺮﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻴﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻤﻟا مﺎﻈﻨﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺢﻤﺴﻳو ،تﺎﺟﻮﻤﻟا تﺎﻴﻨﻘﺗ اﺬﻫ .ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟاو ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺤﻟا ﻞﺋﺎﺳو ﻞﻴﻐﺸﺗ ﺖﻗو ﻰﺘﺣ ﺔﻴﻄﻤﻨﻟا تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻓ تادﺎﻳﺰﻟاو .مﺎﻈﻨﻟا ةﻮﻗ ﺔﻳﻮﻘﺘﻟ جذﺎﻤﻨﻠﻟ ﻪﻠﻣﺎﻜﺗو ﻪﺘﻴﻠﻋﺎﻓو ﻪﺘﻴﻜﻣﺎﻨﻳد رﺎﻃأ ﻲﻓ مﺪﻘﻳ مﺎﻈﻨﻟا An Abstract of the research/3 Interactive Protection System for Operator Training Simulator Using New Wavelet Techniques An increase in complexity of relays and power systems makes the relay settings and the process of coordination quite difficult. The changes of operating conditions in power systems also adversely affect the installed relays. There is a strong requirement to avoid protection relay maloperation and to ensure continuing optimal relay coordination and operation. It is rather difficult to determine which of the protective relays will operate as specified or whether the coordination of the relays is maintained due to complexity of the system. This paper introduces a reliable and secure interactive framework system for investigation, calculation of relay settings and relay coordination using wavelet based techniques. The interactive system allows an engineer in the control room to assign the location, the type of fault and the relay data set pattern; then the operating time of the protective devices is generated. The system framework introduces a dynamic, interactive transient of the relay models for the power system. 4 4/ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ بﻮﺳﺎﺤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟا ﺎﻤﻐﻴﺳ (6) مﺎﻈﻧ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ،بﻮﺳﺎﺤﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟا ﻢﻈﻨﻟا ىﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻰﻠﻋأ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ جﺎﺘﻧإ سرﺪﺗ ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا هﺬﻫ تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ فﺪﻬﻟا جذﺎﻤﻨﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺘﻟ ﺎﻤﻐﻴﺳ (6) مﺎﻈﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ مﻮﻘﺗ ﻲﻫو ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻟا هﺬﻫ نأ ﻒﻴﻛ و ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻤﻟا رﺎﻃإ ﻊﺿوو ﺮﻳﻮﻄﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ مﺎﻈﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﺸﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟا .ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟا رﺎﻃﻺﻟ ﻲﺋﺰﺟ ﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ ﺮﺼﻨﻌﻛ لﻮﻠﺤﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟا ﻮﺤﻨﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺬﻴﻔﻨﺗ An Abstract of the research/4 The Application of Six Sigma to Integration of Computer Based Systems This paper introduces a process for the module level integration of computer based systems. It is based on the Six Sigma Process Improvement Model, where the goal of the process is to improve the overall quality of the system under development. We also present a conceptual framework that shows how this process can be implemented as an integration solution. Finally, we provide a partial implementation of key components in the conceptual framework. 5 هارﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ﺔﺟرد ثﺎﺤﺑأ ﻲﻔﺤﺼﻟا ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻦﺑ داﺮﻣ :ﺚﻌﺘﺒﻤﻟا ﻢﺳا (ةﺪﺠﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﻌﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻛ) ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟا ﺪﺒﻋ ﻚﻠﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ :ثﺎﻌﺘﺑﻻا ﺔﻬﺟ ﺪﻧﻼﻛوأ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ : ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ﺚﻌﺘﺒﻤﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟا ﻢﺳا ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﻠﻋ :مﺎﻌﻟا ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ :ﻖﻴﻗﺪﻟا ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻟا [email protected] :لﺎﺼﺗﻻا ﺔﻠﻴﺳو 1/ :ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ،ﺮﺠﻬﻤﻟا ﺪﻠﺑ ﻲﻓ يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا وأ مﻷا ﺔﻴﻗﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻤﻟا ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﺣاﻮﻨﻟ ﻊﺳوأ ﺔﺳارد ﻰﻠﻋ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺰﻜﺗﺮﻳ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا هﺬﻫ ﺰﻛﺮﺗو ،اﺪﻨﻠﻳزﻮﻴﻨﺑ ﺪﻧﻼﻛوأ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻴﻘﻤﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧاﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻦﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻜﻟا ﺎﻤﻫو ﺎﻤﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ ﻦﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﺘﻣو ﻦﻴﻠﺧاﺪﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ .ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟا تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻاو (2ل) ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟاو (1ل) ﻦﻣ دﺪﻋ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻘﻤﻌﺘﻣ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﻣ ءاﺮﺟإو ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺘﺳا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻋ تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ .ب لوﻷا ﻞﻴﺠﻟاو لوﻷا ﻞﻴﺠﻟا ﻰﻟإ نﻮﻤﺘﻨﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺛ ﻞﻗأ اﻮﻧﺎﻛ (ب لوﻷا ﻞﻴﺠﻟا داﺮﻓأ) ﺎًﻨﺳ ﺮﻐﺻﻷا ﻦﻴﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟا نأ تﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺮﻬﻇأ ،ﺎًﻨﺳ ﺮﺒﻛﻷا ﻦﻴﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟاو ةءاﺮﻘﻟا تارﺎﻬﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎًﺻﻮﺼﺧو ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﻬﺗءﺎﻔﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻳ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا نأ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا تﺪﺟو يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑو ةرﻮﺼﺑ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻸﻟو ءﺎﻗﺪﺻﻷا ﻊﻣو لﺰﻨﻤﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا .قﻮﺴﺘﻟاو مﻼﻋﻹاو ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺘﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تﺎﻣاﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا ﻖﻓاﺮﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺳوأ An Abstract of the research/1 pluricentricity: Language maintenance, diglossia and The case of Arabic in Auckland This paper reports on a wider study which investigated aspects of language maintenance and shift amongst Arabic-speaking immigrants living in Auckland. The focus of this paper is on two interrelated aspects, namely, language proficiency in Arabic (L1) and English (L2) and patterns of language use in different domains. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire and in-depth interviews conducted with a group of G1 and G1b Arab immigrant living in Auckland. Analysis revealed that younger respondents (G1b) were less confident in their Arabic skills, particularly in their literacy skills, than older respondents. In terms of domains of 6 language use, the respondents reported high frequency use of Arabic in the private domain such as the home, friendship, and religion whereas English is more widely used in the public domain such as education, in the media, and when shopping. 2/ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ اﺪﻨﻠﻳزﻮﻴﻧ ﻲﻓ بﺮﻌﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا ىﺪﻟ يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ءﺎﻘﺒﺘﺳﻻا ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﺘﻟا تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟا زﺮﺑأ ﺪﺣأ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ (Language maintenance) يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ءﺎﻘﺒﺘﺳﻻا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ نإ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﻮﻀﻟا ﻂﻠﺴﻳ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ، ﻒﻴﻀﻤﻟا ﺪﻠﺒﻟا ﻲﻓ ةﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا ﺔﻴﻗﺮﻌﻟا تﺎﻴﻠﻗﻷا ﻪﺟاﻮﺗ (Language maintenance and يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ءﺎﻘﺒﺘﺳﻻا وأ لﻮﺤﺘﻟا ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ لﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﺟأ ﺔﺳارد ﻢﺳر ﻰﻟإ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا فﺪﻬﺗ .اﺪﻨﻠﻳزﻮﻴﻨﺑ ﺪﻧﻼﻛوأ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻤﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﻃﺎﻘﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا ىﺪﻟ shift) يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﻻا طﺎﻤﻧأو ،(Language proficiency) ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ةءﺎﻔﻜﻟا تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻦﻋ ةرﻮﺻ تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻا اﺬﻛو ، (Language use in different domains)تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ دﺪﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ (ﺎًﻛرﺎﺸﻣ 63) ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻨﻴﻋ داﺮﻓأ ىﺪﻟ (Language attitudes) ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا .(ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا) ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟاو ،(مﻷا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا) ﻪﻧأ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا تﺮﻬﻇأ .ﺔﻨﻨﻘﻣ ﻪﺒﺷ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺷ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﻣو ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﺒﺘﺳا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟا ﺖﻌﻤﺟ ﺎًﻨﺳ ﺮﻐﺻﻷا ﻦﻴﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟا نﺈﻓ ،ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﻬﺗارﺪﻘﻟ ﺎًﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺎًﻤﻴﻴﻘﺗ اﻮﻄﻋأ ﻦﻴﻛرﺎﺸﻤﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺗرﺎﻬﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻻ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﻬﺗارﺪﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺛ ﻞﻗأ اﻮﻧﺎﻛ (ﻦﻴﺛﻼﺜﻟاو ﺔﺴﻣﺎﺨﻟا نود) تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻊﺳوأ ةرﻮﺼﺑ مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا نأ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا تﺮﻬﻇأ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺔﺑﺎﺘﻜﻟاو ةءاﺮﻘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻊﺳوأ قﺎﻄﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا مﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ،ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟا ضاﺮﻏﻸﻟ و لﺰﻨﻤﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟا .ﻦﻴﺘﻐﻠﻟا ﺎﺘﻠﻛ ﻮﺤﻧ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳإ ﺖﻧﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻼﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻣأ .ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا تﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟا يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ءﺎﻘﺒﺘﺳﻻا ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﻲﻓ ةﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﻦﻣ اًدﺪﻋ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺶﻗﺎﻨﺗ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا هﺬﻫ ءﻮﺿ ﻰﻠﻋ .ﺪﻧﻼﻛوأ ﺔﻨﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ 7 An Abstract of the research/2 Ethnic mother-tongue maintenance among Arabic-speaking immigrants in New Zealand Maintenance of the ethnic mother tongue represents one of the major challenges faced by immigrant minority groups in their host country. This paper reports on a study which investigated patterns of language maintenance and shift among Arabic-speaking immigrants living in Auckland, New Zealand. The focus is on the participants’ reported levels of language proficiency, patterns of language use in a range of contexts, and attitudes towards Arabic (L1) and English (L2). Data were collected from the participants (N = 63) by means of a self-report questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The findings show that although the participants rated their proficiency in Arabic and English highly, younger respondents (under 35) were less confident in their Arabic skills, particularly in the areas of reading and writing. Arabic is reported to enjoy a high frequency use in such private domains as the home and religion whereas English is more widely used in the public domain. With respect to language attitudes, the respondents reported high positive attitudes towards both Arabic and English. Based on the findings, a number of factors influencing Arabic maintenance in the context of Auckland are discussed. 3/ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ ﺪﻠﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻮﻬﻟاو ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﻮﺤﻧ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ءﺎﺑﻵا تادﺎﻘﺘﻋا ؟ءﺎﺑﻵا ﻦﻈﻳ اذﺎﻣ .ﺮﺠﻬﻤﻟا تﺎـﻐﻠﻟا ﻦـﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا تﺎﻐﻟ لﺎﺼﺗا ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ةﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻌﻟا ﺪﺣأ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻا ﺲﻨﺠﻟا ﺪﻌﻳ لﺎﻔﻃﻸﻟ ﺎﻬﻠﻘﻧو مﻷا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟا ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻓ بﻷا ﻪﺒﻌﻠﻳ ﺪﻗ يﺬﻟا ﻞﻤﺘﺤﻤﻟا روﺪﻟا ﺮﻌﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻚﻟذ ﻊﻣو ﻻً ﺎﻤﺟإ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاﻮﻟا رود ﻰﻠﻋ لﺎﺠﻤﻟا اﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﺐﻠﻏأ تﺰﻛر ﺚﻴﺣ ﻲﻓﺎﻜﻟا مﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻا ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا ﻲـﻓ ءﺎﻨﺑﻷا ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻲﻓ ةدﺮﻄﻀﻣ ةرﻮﺼﺑو ﻼً ﻋﺎﻓ اًرود ءﺎﺑﻵا ﺐﻌﻠﻳ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﺴﻴﺋر ﺔﻔﺼﺑ مﻷا رود ﻰﻠﻋ وأ ﺔـﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺟو ﻞﻋﺎﻓ روﺪﺑ نﻮﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ءﺎﺑﻵا مﻮﻘﻳ لﺎﺜﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻌﻓ ،تﺎﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟا .ﻢﻫﺮﺳﻷ ةﺎﻋر ﻢﻬﻧﻮﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻤﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ءﺎﺑﻵا ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﺛﻻ ﺔﻠﺼﻟا تاذ تﺎﻫﺎﺠﺗﻻاو ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا تاﺮﺒﺨﻠﻟ ﺎًﺿﺮﻋ ﺔﻗرﻮﻟا هﺬﻫ مﺪﻘﺗ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ زﺮﺒﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ، اﺪﻨﻠﻳزﻮﻴﻧ ﻲﻓ اوﺄﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﺎﻤﻬﻟﺎﻔﻃﻷ مﻷا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ نﻻوﺎﺤﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻠﻟا ﻦﻳﺮﺟﺎﻬﻤﻟا ﻦﻳﻮﺑﻷا ﻦﻳﺬﻫ كاردإ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ، ﺔﻨﻨﻘﻣ ﻪﺒﺷو ﺔﻘﻤﻌﺘﻣ تﻼﺑﺎﻘﻣ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ تﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺟوﺰﻛ ﺎﻤﻫراودﻷ ﺎﻤﻬﺘﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳا ﻒﺼﺗو ، ﺔﻳﻮﻬﻟا ﻰﻠﻋ ظﺎﻔﺤﻟاو يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ءﺎﻘﺑﻹا ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻫروﺪﻟ .ﻦﻳﻮﺑﺄﻛو 8 An Abstract of the research/3 What do fathers think? Arab Muslim immigrant fathers’ perceptions of language maintenance and identity Gender has long been recognized as a factor influencing situations of immigrant language contact (Winter & Pauwels, 2005). However, relatively little attention has been given to the potential paternal role in the process of home language maintenance and transmission among immigrant children. Most of the studies in this area have focused either on the role of “parents” as an entity (e.g. Bradshaw, 2006) or primarily on the role of mothers (e.g. Mills, 2004). Fathers play an increasingly active role in parenting in many communities. For example, Arab Muslim immigrant fathers, as the guardians of their families and the breadwinners, play a visible and active role in parenting. This presentation will share the language-related experiences and perspectives of two Arab Muslim immigrant fathers who are attempting to pass on Arabic to their New Zealand-raised children. The findings, based on data collected through in-depth, semi- structured interviews, show how these fathers perceive their role in maintaining their children’s home language and identity and also describe these men’s relevant responses to their subject positions as husbands and fathers. 4/ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺚﺤﺒﻟا ﻦﻋ ةﺬﺒﻧ .اﺪﻨﻠﻳزﻮﻴﻧ ﻲﻓ لﺎﻴﺟﻷا ﺮﺒﻋ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟ يﻮﻐﻠﻟا ﻞﻘﻨﻟا ةﺮﻫﺎﻇ لﻮﺣ تارﻮﻈﻨﻣ :ةﻮﺑﻷاو مﻷا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا نﻮـﺒﻌﻠﻳ ﻦﻳﺬـﻟا نﻮﻤﻠـﺴﻤﻟا بﺮﻌﻟا ءﺎﺑﻵا ﺎﻬﺑ رﻮﺼﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﻟا ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻨﻟا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا هﺬﻫ ﻒﺸﻜﺘﺴﺗ .يﺪﻨﻠﻳزﻮﻴﻨﻟا ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ اوﺄﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺬﻟا ﻢﻬﺋﺎﻨﺑﻷ ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻞﻘﻧ صﺮﻓو تﺎﻳﺪﺤﺗ ،ﺔﻴﺑﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻼً ﻋﺎﻓ اًرود اﺬـﻛو ،ﻢﻬﻟﺎﻔﻃﻷ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﻢﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫروﺪﻟ ءﺎﺑﻵا ءﻻﺆﻫ رﻮﺼﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ زﺮﺒﺗو ﻢﻬﺗﺎـﻳﻮﻫ دﺪﻌﺘﺑ تاراﺮﻗ اﺬﻜﻫ ﺔﻗﻼﻋو ،روﺪﻟا اﺬﻬﺑ مﺎﻴﻘﻠﻟ ﺎﻬﻧوﺬﺨﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺔﻳﻮﻐﻠﻟا تاراﺮﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ .ﺔﻳﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧﻹا ﺔﻐﻠﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺐﻠﻐﺗ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻲﻓ نﻮﺸﻴﻌﻳ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﺴﻣو بﺮﻋ ءﺎﺑﺂﻛ 9
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