Sound Ideas Edited by Sandra Buckley Michael Hardt Brian Massumi 27 Sound Ideas: Music, Machines, and Experience Aden Evens ...UNCONTAINED 26 Signs of Danger: Waste, Trauma, and Nuclear Threat Peter C. van Wyck 25 Trust Alphonso Lingis BY 24 Wetwares: Experiments in Postvital Living Richard Doyle 23 Neuropolitics: Thinking, Culture, Speed William E. Connolly THE 22 Globalizing AIDS Cindy Patton 21 Modernity at Sea: Melville, Marx, DISCIPLINES, Conrad in Crisis Cesare Casarino 20 Means without End: Notes on Politics Giorgio Agamben INSUBORDINATE 19 The Invention of Modern Science Isabelle Stengers 18 Methodologies of the Oppressed Chela Sandoval 17 Proust and Signs: The Complete Text Gilles Deleuze 16 Deleuze: The Clamor of Being Alain Badiou PRACTICES OF RESISTANCE 15 Insurgencies: Constituent Power and the Modern State Antonio Negri ...Inventing, 14 When Pain Strikes Bill Burns, Cathy Busby, and Kim Sawchuk, editors excessively, 13 Critical Environments: Postmodern Theory and the Pragmatics of the “Outside” Cary Wolfe in the between... 12 The Metamorphoses of the Body José Gil 11 The New Spinoza Warren Montag and Ted Stolze, editors 10 Power and Invention: Situating Science Isabelle Stengers PROCESSES 9 Arrow of Chaos: Romanticism and Postmodernity Ira Livingston 8 Becoming-Woman Camilla Griggers 7 A Potential Politics: Radical Thought in Italy 7 Paolo Virno and Michael Hardt, editors 6 Capital Times: Tales from the Conquest of Time Éric Alliez OF 5 The Year of Passages Réda Bensmaïa 4 Labor of Dionysus: A Critique of the State-Form Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri 3 Bad Aboriginal Art: Tradition, Media, and Technological Horizons Eric Michaels 2 The Cinematic Body Steven Shaviro 1 The Coming Community Giorgio Agamben HYBRIDIZATION Sound Ideas Music, Machines, and Experience Aden Evens Theory out of Bounds Volume 27 UniversityofMinnesotaPress Minneapolis • London An earlier version of chapter 1 was originally published as “Sound Ideas,” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature24, no. 3 (September 1977; special edition edited by Brian Massumi), and reprinted in Brian Massumi, ed., A Shock to Thought: Expression after Deleuze and Guattari (New York: Routledge, 2002). The first half of chapter 3 resembles a previously published essay, “The Question Concerning the Digital,” differences 14, no. 2 (Summer 2003; special edition, More on Humanism,edited by Elizabeth Weed and Ellen Rooney); published by Duke University Press. Copyright 2005 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 111 Third Avenue South, Suite 290 Minneapolis, MN 55401-2520 http://www.upress.umn.edu LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Evens, Aden. Sound ideas : music, machines, and experience / Aden Evens. p. cm. — (Theory out of bounds ; v. 27) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN0-8166-4536-1 (hc : alk. paper) — ISBN0-8166-4537-X (pb : alk. paper) 1. Music—Philosophy and aesthetics. 2. Music and technology. I. Title. II. Series. ML3800.E87 2005 780'.1—dc22 2005002025 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my dad, who loves music and thinking. Technology, not so much. This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xvii Chapter 1. Sound and Noise 1 Chapter 2. Sound and Time 26 Chapter 3. Sound and Digits 62 Chapter 4. Making Music 126 Notes 175 Works Cited 193 Index 197 This page intentionally left blank Preface a guy from whom I was ordering a sandwich noticed the book I was carrying. “Why write about music?” he asked. “Music is for grooving. You can’t say anything about it that makes any difference.” In spite of its anti-intellectual motivation, I found myself agree- ing with this claim frequently over the course of writing this book. Music resists theorization at every step. As a form of art that is set in time, that takes its time, a piece of music does not sit still to be observed. One cannot subject sound to a persis- tent observation; rather, one can only listen and then, maybe, listen again. Music is apprehended in chunks of time. Partly because sound is dynamic, Western intellec- tual traditions show a marked preference for vision as the figure of knowledge. We articulate more effectively the fixed image than the dynamic sound. Traditional studies of music surmount this difficulty by a variety of routes. First, musicology—centered on European art music—tends to focus on the score, the written representation of a piece of music. The score offers itself to the focusedgaze of the musicologist, and its abstract representations can be read and ana- lyzed using the practiced techniques of textual interpretation. Second, the burgeoning discipline of cultural studies examines music in a culture and so emphasizes cultural artifacts and cultural dynamics in its study. Both of these fields yield much of inter- est, but both suffer from the same “oversight.” For neither musicology nor cultural
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