Unsung Legacies of Educators and Events in African American Education PDF
Preview Unsung Legacies of Educators and Events in African American Education
andrea d. lewis and nicole a. taylor unsung legacies of educators and events in african american education Unsung Legacies of Educators and Events in African American Education Andrea D. Lewis • Nicole A. Taylor Editors Unsung Legacies of Educators and Events in African American Education Editors Andrea D. Lewis Nicole A. Taylor Education Department Education Department Spelman College Spelman College Atlanta, GA, USA Atlanta, GA, USA ISBN 978-3-319-90127-5 ISBN 978-3-319-90128-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90128-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964182 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: © mauritius images GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo Cover design: Tjaša Krivec This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland A cknowledgments With a spirit of gratitude, we would like to thank our students and recent graduates for their contributions to Unsung Legacies of Educators and Events in African American History. In recent years the song, A Choice To Change The World, written by a former member and director of the Spelman College Glee Club has become a college-wide tagline and chal- lenge. The song’s lyrics speak of a Spelman woman who commits to creat- ing change in her community and profession. The song challenges, “Why put off for tomorrow; What I can do today; Why wait for another; When I can pave the way; No matter how young or old; I hold the power of change; Rather large or small, few or all, My choice remains the same.” We hope and know that you will forge a path and positively impact the children you serve. Our pride as your professors and Spelman sisters is overwhelming and we are grateful that you decided to contribute to this book. Your legacies will be stronger and brighter as a result of your research and knowledge of your predecessors. We are also grateful to Chateé Omísadé Richardson and L. Nzingha Samuel for your support and contributions. Lastly, this book would not be possible without the love, support, and patience from our immediate families. Your love sustains us. v c ontents 1 Introduction 1 Nicole A. Taylor and Andrea D. Lewis Part I Individual Achievements 7 2 Nannie Helen Burroughs (1883–1961) 9 Meredith Cooper Brown and Nicole A. Taylor 3 Selena Sloan Butler (1872–1964) 17 Sydney M. Phillips and Nicole A. Taylor 4 Fannie C. Williams (1882–1980) 23 Kiara Thorpe and Nicole A. Taylor 5 Frederick Douglass Patterson (1901–1988) 27 Miracle Harris, Phelina Robinson, Tierra Wright, and Nicole A. Taylor 6 The Jeanes Teacher Fund (1908–1960) 33 Cydni Burton, Nu’Nauvia Peacock, Phelina Robinson, and Nicole A. Taylor vii viii CONTENTS 7 Frances Brock Starms (1914–2012) 41 Kaylah Y’vanti Holmes and Andrea D. Lewis 8 John Henrik Clarke (1915–1998) 47 Chateé Omísadé Richardson and Najhala Hall 9 Christine King Farris (1927–Present) 53 Seana Deas and Andrea D. Lewis 10 Alonzo Aristotle Crim (1928–2000) 59 Jordyn Nicole Booth and Andrea D. Lewis 11 Asa Grant Hilliard, III (1933–2007) 67 Jaela Stayton and Chateé Omísadé Richardson 12 Amos Wilson (1940–1995) 75 Kiara Thorpe and Andrea D. Lewis 13 Gloria Jean Merriex (1950–2008) 83 L. Nzingha Samuel and Seana Deas Part II Events 89 14 Court Cases Preceding Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka 91 Mikia Deshai Frazier and Andrea D. Lewis 15 Student Activism: Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee (SNCC) 97 Chloe White and Nicole A. Taylor 16 Birmingham Children’s Crusade of 1963 103 Najhala Hall and Andrea D. Lewis 17 Politics, Implementation, and Impact of the Atlanta Compromise 111 Nia D. Bester and Andrea D. Lewis CONTENTS ix Part III Organizations and Institutions 121 18 Institute for Colored Youth 123 Nicole A. Taylor 19 The Normal School for Colored Girls (1851) 129 Kamaria Excell and Andrea D. Lewis 20 Sabbath Schools 139 Kyran Danielle Brooks and Nicole A. Taylor 21 Intercommunal Youth Institute 149 Jade Lockard and Andrea D. Lewis 22 African American Boarding Schools 155 JonBonaé Shipman and Nicole A. Taylor 23 Day Nurseries, Nursery Schools, and Their Impact on Society 165 Kamaria Excell and Andrea D. Lewis Part IV Conclusion 171 24 Conclusion 173 Christal Walker, Andrea D. Lewis, and Nicole A. Taylor Index 177 n c otes on ontributors Nia D. Bester is an Early Childhood Education major at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In the future, Bester plans to teach elementary school and become a principal. Her research interests include integrating music into the early childhood curriculum. Jordyn Nicole Booth graduated from Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with a major in Early Childhood Education. In the future, Booth plans to attend The University of Georgia, pursuing a Masters of Education in Administration & Policy. Her research interests include improving educational equity and access in urban schools and teacher turnover. Kyran Danielle Brooks is an Early Childhood Education major at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In the future, Brooks plans to teach elementary school. Her research interests include the hyper- criminalization of African American youth. Meredith Cooper Brown graduated from Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with a major in Political Science and minor in Secondary Education. Brown is currently in graduate school at Teachers College, Columbia University, pursuing a master’s degree in Elementary Inclusive Education. In the future, Brown plans to teach in an elementary school setting. Her research interests include the intersection of politics and the unequal allocations of resources and exposure in education. xi xii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS Cydni Burton graduated from Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with a major in Education Studies. Her research interests include the impact of tutoring programs on low-achieving middle-s chool students and college access for minority students. Seana Deas graduated from Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, with a major in Early Childhood Education. She is currently a master’s degree candidate at The University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia, USA, where she is studying Special Education, concentrating on General Curriculum. Deas is also working to obtain a certificate in Dyslexia Education and an English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Endorsement. In the future, Deas plans to teach General Curriculum Special Education at the elementary level. Her research interests include improving parental involvement in the special education community. Kamaria Excell is a History major with a minor in Secondary Education at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In the future, Excell plans to be a traveling historian and educator. Her research interests include the importance and relevance of the arts within social and political movements and the implementation of culturally responsive pedagogy in the American school system. Mikia Deshai Frazier is an Early Childhood Education major at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In the future, Frazier plans to teach in the public school system and pursue a career in school administration. Her research interests include strengthening culturally responsive education, assisting at-risk student populations, and personal technology integration in schools. Najhala Hall is an Early Childhood Education major at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In the future, Hall plans to be an elementary school educator. Her research interests include the overdiagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in African American boys and the productivity of technology in elementary school classrooms. Miracle Harris is an Early Childhood Education major at Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. In the future, Harris plans to be an elementary school teacher. Her research interests include the retention and recruitment of African American teachers and the minority teacher shortage.
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