university of oklahoma graduate college frequency-agile microwave filters for radars with ...

313 Pages·2015·7.46 MB·English

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
GRADUATE COLLEGE
FREQUENCY-AGILE MICROWAVE FILTERS FOR RADARS WITH
SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
By
SHAHROKH SAEEDI
Norman, Oklahoma
2015
FREQUENCY-AGILE MICROWAVE FILTERS FOR RADARS WITH
SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION
A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
BY
Dr. Hjalti H. Sigmarsson, Chair
Dr. Yang Hong
Dr. Mark Yeary
Dr. Jessica Ruyle
Dr. Caleb J. Fulton
(cid:13)c Copyright by SHAHROKH SAEEDI 2015
All Rights Reserved.
This dissertation is dedicated to my dear wife.
None of this would have been possible without her
unconditional love and support.
iv
Acknowledgments
The completion of this work would not have been possible without the help
and encouragement of many people. First, I would like to sincerely thank
my research advisor Professor Hjalti Sigmarsson for his continuous support,
patient mentoring, supportive advising and encouragement. I am particularly
grateful to him for the opportunity he provided for me to conduct independent
research. Professor Sigmarsson has provided invaluable vision and a wealth of
technical guidance throughout my graduate studies at the University of Ok-
lahoma. I have deeply admired his commitment to academic excellence and
dedication to the community and the society. I also sincerely thank my other
committee members, Professor Mark Yeary, Professor Yang Hong, Professor
Jessica Ruyle, and Professor Caleb Fulton for their interest and valuable ex-
pertise, time, and effort in advising my dissertation work. I also wish to thank
Professor Juseop Lee for his support, discussions and guidance throughout my
research.
I am grateful to the generous financial support for my research by Agency
for Defense Development (ADD), Republic of Korea. The staff members at
the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) and School of Electrical and
Computer Engineering (ECE) deserve my sincere thanks as well.
I would like to extend my thanks to all my colleagues at ARRC and ECE
Lukasz Szolc, Hossein Lotfi, Blake James, Mirhamed Mirmozafari, Djordje
v
Mirkovic, Hossein Hosseini, Robin Irazoqui, Ramesh Nepal, Serkan Ozturk,
Sudantha Perera, Hadi Saeidi Manesh, Dakota Benge, Blake McGuire, and
Zachary Dunn. My special thanks to Sattar Atash-bahar, William Wilson, C.
Justin Smith, David Noel, Jonathan Christian, Tyler Ashley, Zachary Potts,
and Dr. Himanshu Joshi who have helped me in fabrication and implementa-
tion of my ideas. I wish them all the best of luck with their studies and future
careers.
I would also like to thank all my friends, near and distant, whose names I
know so well but are too many to be listed here. They have been a constant
source of support and strength. My special thanks to my good friends, Dr.
Hessam Yazdani and Dr. Shaya Karimkashi, for their invaluable friendship
and support since I came to Oklahoma.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents, brothers, wife and my little son
fortheirunfailingsupport, boundlesslove, encouragement, andsacrifice. None
of this work would have been possible without them. My gratitude to them is
more than that can be expressed in words. Thank you.
vi
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments iv
Abstract xxix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Microwave Filters from Past to Current . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2.1 Substrate-Integrated-Waveguide Technology . . . . . . 8
1.2.2 Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonators . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.3 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.4 Research Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.5 Outline of the Dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2 Microwave Filter Design Fundamentals 29
2.1 Characterization of Lowpass Prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.1.1 Characteristic Polynomials for Different Prototype Fre-
quency Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2 Lowpass Ladder Prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.3 Coupling Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3 Substrate-Integrated, Evanescent-Mode Cavity Bandpass Fil-
ter Design 68
vii
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3.2 Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonators Modeling . . . . . . . . . 69
3.2.1 Substrate-Integrated, Evanescent-Mode,
Cavity Resonator Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
3.2.2 Active Resonators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.3 Narrow-band Bandpass Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
3.3.1 Bandpass Filters Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
3.4 Wide-band Bandpass Filter Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
3.4.1 WidebandCouplingImplementationandFilterMeasure-
ment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.5 Power Handling Issues in Evanescent-mode Cavity Filters . . . 122
3.5.1 Prediction of Power Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
4 Single Layer, Substrate-Integrated, Evanescent-Mode Cavity
Bandstop Filter Design 134
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
4.2 Conventional Microwave Bandstop Filter Design . . . . . . . . 135
4.3 Bandstop Filter Design without Source-to-Load
Coupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4.3.1 Higher Order Bandstop and Bandpass Filter
Synthesis With Predefined Coupling . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.3.2 Single-Layer, Tunable, Substrate-Integrated
Evanescent-Mode Cavity Bandstop Filter . . . . . . . . 154
4.3.3 Tunable Bandstop Filter Measurement . . . . . . . . . 160
5 Bandpass-Bandstop Filter Cascade Design 167
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
viii
5.2 Direct Coupling Matrix Synthesis of BP-BS Filter Cascades . 169
5.3 Bandpass-Bandstop Filter Cascade Design
Using Non-Resonating-Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5.3.1 Tunable BP-BS Filter Cascade Measurement . . . . . . 185
5.4 BP-BS Filter Cascade System Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
5.4.1 Link Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
5.4.2 Noise-Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
5.4.3 LNA Compression Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
6 Automatic Control of Tunable Filters 211
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
6.2 Conceptual Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
6.3 Digital Feedback Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
6.4 Automatic Tuning System Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . 219
6.4.1 Automatic Tuning Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
6.4.2 Standalone Automatic Filter Tuning System . . . . . . 228
7 Conclusions and Future Work 238
7.1 Summary of Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
7.1.1 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
7.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
7.2.1 Theory Expansion for Active Resonator Design . . . . 241
7.2.2 All-pass, Bandpass, and Bandstop Reconfigurable Filters 243
7.2.3 Filter Cascade Design Using Slow Resonating Node . . 243
References 250
Appendix A A New Property of Butterworth Lowpass Proto-
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type 265
Appendix B Fabrication Process 275
Appendix C List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 279
Appendix D Summary of Contributions 281
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