universiti putra malaysia crossflow membrane technology for crude palm oil treatment rusnani abd ...

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UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

CROSSFLOW MEMBRANE
TECHNOLOGY FOR CRUDE PALM OIL
TREATMENT

RUSNANI ABD. MAJID

FK 2001 16
CROSSFLOW MEMBRANE
TECHNOLOGY FOR CRUDE PALM OIL
TREATMENT
RUSNANIA BD.M AJID
MASTER OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITPIU TRA MALAYSIA
2001
CROSSFLOWM EMBRANE TECHNOLOGY FOR CRUDE PALM OIL
TREATMENT
By
RUSNANIA BD.M AJID
ThesiSsu bmittienFd u lfilmeonftt h eR equiremfeonrtt heD egreoefM aster
ofS cienicnet heF aculotfyE ngineering
UniversPiuttirM aa laysia
Augus2t0 01
Abstorftah cteth epsriess etnott hSeened a otfUen ivePrustirtai Mianl aysia
fulmfielnotfth e r equirfreot mheDene tgr eoefM a stoefSrc ience
CROSSFLMOEWM BRANTEE CHNOLYO FGORC RUDPEA LMO IL
TREATMENT
By
RUSNAANBID M.A JID
Augu2s0t0 1
Chairman DrF.a khIr-uR'Aahzmia dun
Facluty Engienrieng
Crupdael omi( lC PiOrs)e finteod queadliibtlyeo iplra elbmvmyoi ng
obejctbiloienm apiutriseusca hsfr eefta tayc i(dFA F) p,h osphotlriapcied s,
metaanlcdso lrnoigup gmientwsh iacrhde e tritmoe nflttahaveloo udror,c,u o lro u
andb lisitotafyt hoei Clo.n venrteifionniiannllvg vo deesg ummbielnagc,h ing
and deodsotpresiT.zh aet ieyon-vnes iranmgge mbrtaneenc ohloigsapy h ysical
serpaatiporno ctehsascta nof fear na ltteirnvmaee thtoodi mprove the
convenrteifoimnneaitlnh bgoy rd e duecnienrcggo aysn tmd i nimtihzei nwga ste
disppoorsballe m.
Thoejb cetiovfe str ehsiessar tcuhad ryte oi nvestiignafltueeo nftc hee
membroannt ehq eu aloifCt PyOt ,oe valtuhaete ero napgtc ionditiaosn s such
trnasmembprraenseans duf reeedfl owt,os tutdhype e orrmfanocfe membrane
wittmhie t,oe sbtlaitshahepp ropcrlieaatpner ioncge fdrour emse mbarnande ,t o
comptarheqe u aloifmt eym braoncee-sposrield c aonndv entcieosnosaiel-dlp ro
as wetlhle asssttb oairlaoigtfte hoy ei ls.
ii
CPOw as filttherroemudigh c ro fil(tMrFana)dt uilotnr taifi(UFoln)t r a
cerammiecm branTewsod. i frfeenpto rsei zoefMFs membra(n0eJ.1.sm2 a nd
0.4115m) a ntdw poo rsei zoefUFs membra(n2erun0 s an d5 0run )w erues ed in
thset udCyo.m parsitsuowdnay s c onducfrotC ePdO t reawtietd0h . J.l2m
membranCee.r amMiFcm embranweist h poorf0e .4sa5in0dz . eJ.s2l rme jected
abou1t%4 and 56.8o%fp hosphroersupse,yc .tT hiev0 e.l112m membrane
removmeodrt eh a8n0 % tohifer .oC neraUFm imce mbrawnietpsho rsei zoefs
50a n2d0 run rjeceted 6a0b%ao nu7dt8 1. o%fp hosphroersupse,c Tthiev e2l0y .
run membrraendeu acbeod6u 0t%o fi rocno nt.Ae lnmlte mbran(MeFsa nUFd)
showneoid n flueonncc aoert eFnFAe ,a nfdta tayc icdo mspiot(iAFoC n) .
TheMF membra(n0e.s2 0 .a4nJ.5dl ms)h owed tsriemwnihdle arr e the
permeafltuefx ro tmheem brainnecsr ewaistaehved r atrganes membprraenses ure
and feedf louwn tiitrl e acah ceedrt aliinm wihte rteh fleu xd eclined with
increparseisnsagnu fdree ed fBlootwmh.e mbransehso wreadp fliudxd ecline
duritnhigen isttiaabglue st,tb aieldif roz tpheer ioof5hrd . C leanpirnogcw eass s
achiebvyue sdiA nlgc odneotxe ragneadnc ti d/alskoalluitsi ons.
Theef fecotfp ressuflruexf root nh 2e0 nm UP membrane showed
simitlraewrni dtt hhMF e membrabnuaetft, e 0r.b 9a trh,ie n creianfs leuwdxa s
onlsyl owdeodw rna tthheardn e cliTnhien gflf.rou t xh 5e0 run UF membrane
increparsoepodon ratwliiltyph r esasnundro es igonffl uxd eclwiansoe b served
at2 .b9a r. Thei nfli unxac thr iegahfseeeedr f lowwa osn loyb serfvrote hd2e 0
nm membraCnoen.c entproaltairoincz oauthliadov onec ur credf rot h5e0 nm
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membrwahneer tehfl eu xd eclaithn ieghdfe eerd f loCwl.e anifonthrge UP
membrwanaes m ordei ffictuhlantt hMFe membraTnheecs l.e anipnrgo cess
involved wciltAehla cnoindnoegxt eragceind/ta,l skoalluitasin odsn osa king
witsho lv(ehnetxsa nies roaopnpdla )no.
Reducotfpi hoons rpuhfsoro o itlr eawtiet0dh. f 2l MmF m embrwaanse
comparwaibtlcheo mmerbclieaalco hieFldF.A and carotenew ecroen tent
reducedd eaoiftdzeoarrt piroonc Ceasrso.t ceonnetan ednc to loruera dfiorn g
membranreo-cpeosiswlea dss l ighhtilghyte hra cno nventrioocneaoslis-lep.d The
membrparnoec weasss untaorb elmeoo vxei daptrioodnua csit wtsa so bserved
thatF FAt ahned peroxwiedrieen cvraedlauusreeit dnhs getr oagpee riod.
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Absttreaksy iansgd imkuekakkeapna SdenaUa nvtie rPsuittMriaa ls aiya
sebamgeamie nkuheip erulnutIauajnkz ahM astSeari ns
TEKNOLOGMIE MBRAN ALISRIALNA NUGN TUK
PENGOLAHAMNI NAYK S AW ITM ENTA H
Oleh
RUSNAANBID . MAJID
Ogo2s0 01
Pengerusi DrF.a khru'Alh-mRaadzuin
Fakulti Kejuruteraan
Minysaka wmietn tdaiht ampeinjsa dmii nyak makadne nsgaawni t
menyingkbiarhkana-nb ahbane ndasseiepnrgta.is ilde makb ebafsoso,fl ipid,
logsaumr dianh pigmbeenrw amay angb olmeehrs oakkrana sbaa,uw ,am ad an
kestambiinlyaPakne. n apliazsiammne libabtekbane rpaeprai npgekmapstre osan
sepepretniyg aha-mp,e rlundtaupnre ap.n yah-bPaeujnani.tm aatne natgeak nologi
membraand alparho speesm isfiazhianky aanlgb oldeihg unsakeabna kgaaeid ah
altemuanttimufek m pearibkkaie dpahe napliaszaiInma .nd yaap maetn urunkan
kotse nadgamane nguranmgaksana asliahbs uaan gan.
Objketikfja ianp enyeliidniaikd aanl ah muenntyueklp iendgiakru h
membrtane rhakduaapml iintyisa akw it muenntmtueaknh i,kl eaaid kaeannd alian
septeitr ekaundaarnd a an kadsaru apan,m eunngtkukpaj rie smteamsbir an
terhamdaaspau ,n tumke neptkaanc arcau cibagani m embrand,a nun tuk
membandiknugkaalmnii tniyy aakn tge ldahi opsredsa rkia edmahe mbrdaann
penapliaszadinim s amppeirnbga ndtienrghaaknde aspt asbtiolrtaaennr hadap
minyak.
v
Minysaka wmietn ttaehl dahi tampeinsg gunpeaknana pisan(-MmFi)k ro
dan penapisa(UFn)-.uD lutasr aali izan yga nhge rlahiangManiF (0J..l2dm an
0.4J.5l md)an d usaa ibza gUFi ( 02run dan5 0run )t eldaihg unaukntanku ajki an.
Kajipane rbandingadnij atlealnbakahagm nii nyak mseanwtiyatah n tge lah
ditadpeinsg 0an. J.l2m m embrManF. m embrsaenr admiekn gsaanil zi a0n.g4 5
dan 0.J.l2m masing-mmaesniynign gklierbkkiauhnr an1g% 4 dan5 6%. 8
fosfoMreumsb.r daenn gsaani lzi a0n.gJ.2 l mm enyingkilrekbadinah r 8i0 %
kandunbgeasUniF .m embrsaenr arndiekn gsaanil zi an5g0 d an2 0nm masing­
masimnegn yingkilrekbkaiunhr a6n0g%d a7n 81. f%o sfoMreumsb.r daenn gan
sailzi an2g0 nm menguranlgekbakinuh r an6g0 %k andungbane sSie.m ua
membr(aMnF dan UF) menunjutkikaapdnea n ghar tuerhakdaanpd ungan
karoatseinld,e makb ebdaaskn o mpoassiisldie mak.
MembrMFa n( 0d.an20 .4J.l5m) m enunjuaklkianyr aann sgam ad im ana
fIuksse rabpaang kie dua-mdeumab rmaenn ingakpaatb tielkaan anu dara dan
kadsaura pdani tingskeahtiknansg arngpaak ies atpue rindgimk aantfIa u kmsu la
menuraupna btielkaa nuadnar ad an kadasru apmane ningBkaagtki.a jian
terhamdaaspka e,d ua-mdeumab rmane nuknkjanup enuruflnuanky san g ladjiu
perinagwkaatlte tasptia sbeilp anjtaenmgpo ophe rsaesliam 5a j amP.r oses
cucidainl aksandakeann gmaenn ggunbaahkaannc uc'iA lcondoaxnl' a rutan
asidlalkali.
Kesatne kanuadna rtae rhaflduakps b agmie mbraUFn 20run
menunjuaklkianry aann sgarn ad engmane mbrMFan padpae rinagwkaalt
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operWaaslia.u bagaipmeannipnugknfla,ut kanbs e rldakeun gpane rlahsane telah
0.b9ar F.l uuknst muke mbrUFa n50 nm meninglcbaetr kaddaernangt ane kanan
udarad,an tiapdean urunflanu kpsa d2a. b9ar .P eningflkuaktpsana dkaa dar
suapyaanng t inghganiy ad idappaatdmiae mbrUPa n2 0nm . Kemungkinan
pengutkuebpane ktaetlanba ehr ltakeur hamdeampb r5an0 run dim anafl uks
didampeantui raupna bkialdasa ura pdani naikkanu.n tCmuuekcm ibarnUFa n
adallahe briuhm bietr banddiennggm ane mbrMaFn.P rocceuscsim ane libatkan
bahcaunc 'iA 1conloarxu'ta,ans idldana lrkeanldiam daenn gpaenl ar(uhte xana
dains opropanol).
Pengurafnogsanf obraugmsii nyyakan gt eldaiht adpeinsg parno ses
membr(anM F0 .J.l2m )a dalsaeht anddiennggm ainn ykako merysaintlge rluntur.
Asilde mabke badsa nk andunkgaanr ojtuegnba e rkurasnegtaemnle ahl alui
prospeesn yah-Kbanaduuann.g kanar otdeannb acawanarn a bagmii nyyaankg
teldaihp rodseensgm aenm brdaind aptaitnigs geid idkairmtii nyhaaks dialr i
proses-PIrazoismmee.sm brdani dapkautrianb ge rupuanytamu ke nyingkirkan
produk pengoksaisdiladean m abskee btdaeasnln iah l ai pmeernouknsjiudkak an
peningdkaalttaaemnm psoihm panan.
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Iw oulldi kteoe xpsrsme y deepegrastti tuandde a ppreciattoDi ro.n
Fakhru'l-RaAbzmia dunt,h eC hairmaonfm y SupervCiosmomri tftoehrei ,s
valuagbuliede a,sn ucggesantdia odncvsiet hrougthhoceuo tu rosfme y s tutdiyl l
thep reptairoaonf t his tIh aelssiwoso .u lldi kteo e xpremsys g reatest
apprieactitooAn s soPcor.f esBsaodrl isShhaha mB inB aharino,n eo ft he
SupervCiosmomriyt mteemeb efroshr,i cso ntinsuuopupseo nrcto,u raganedm ent
assistMayn grcaet.e futhlan kasl sgoot ot hoet hmeerm beorfts h Seu pervisory
CommitAtseseo,Pc r.o feDsrsS.oh ra ari Bin MPursotfaepDshrsaY.o a raka nodb
BiCnh eM anf otrh esiurprv eisisounp,p aonrcdt o mment.
My sinctehranesk a nda pprieactiaolnsg oot oa ltlh lea borasttoarfyf ,
techniocfit anhFsea cuolft y FSocoid enancdeB iotechnoUlPoMg ya,En nd.
HishaBmi nE sao fE ngineeanrdiP nrgo cesDsiivnigsM iaolna,y sPiaalnOm i l
Boarwdh od ireancdti lnyd iraescstanildsys t u ppionpr rte patrhitinehsgs is.
Iw oulldi tkoea cknowlMeadlgaey sPiaanlO mi Blo ardfo gri vimnetg h e
oppuonrtittoyp ursmuyeM .Ssct.u dMyi,n isotrfSy c ieanncdTe e chlnoogfyo r
awardimnegt hsec holarsahnidp UniPvuetrMrsaail taiy fsoiprar oviIRPd iAn g
fundifnogtr h riess earch.
Nott hel eabsuttt h meo sitm portmayn stp,e ctiahanlk tsom y loving
husbaMnodh ammaAdy obB inM ohdN oorf orh ise ndlessusp rtp,o
encroaugempeantti,e anncduen dsetrandtihnurggho out smtyu dLioetsos.fl ove
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