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Universidad de Valencia Agujeros negros cuánticos, cosmolog´ıa inflacionaria y la escala de Planck PDF

184 Pages·2009·11.33 MB·Spanish
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Preview Universidad de Valencia Agujeros negros cuánticos, cosmolog´ıa inflacionaria y la escala de Planck

Universidad de Valencia Departamento de F´ısica Te´orica Tesis doctoral Agujeros negros cu´anticos, cosmolog´ıa inflacionaria y la escala de Planck Iv´an Agull´o Rodenas Abril 2009 ´ JOSE NAVARRO SALAS, Profesor Titular del Departamento de F´ısica Teo´rica de la Universitat de Val`encia, CERTIFICA: ´ Que la presente memoria “AGUJEROS NEGROS CUANTICOS, COS- ´ MOLOGIA INFLACIONARIA Y LA ESCALA DE PLANCK” ha sido realizada bajo su direccio´n en el Departamento de F´ısica Te´orica de la ´ ´ Universitat de Val`encia, por IVAN AGULLO RODENAS y constituye su Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en F´ısica. Y para que as´ı conste, en cumplimiento de la legislaci´on vigente, presenta en el Departamento de F´ısica Te´orica de la Universitat de Val`encia la referida Tesis Doctoral, y firma el presente certificado. Valencia, a 18 de Mayo de 2009. Jos´e Navarro Salas A mis padres, Jos´e y Mar´ıa. Contents Introducci´on 11 1 Quantum field theory in curved spacetimes and two-point func- tions 21 1.1 Quantum field theory in curved spacetimes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.2 Bogoliubov transformations and particle creation . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.3 Two-point functions and particle creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2 Thermal effects and two-point functions 29 2.1 Hawking effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.1.1 Bogoliubov coefficients and black hole radiance . . . . . . . . 29 2.1.2 Two-point functions and black hole radiance . . . . . . . . . 32 2.2 Unruh effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.2.1 Bogoliubov coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.2.2 Particles detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.2.3 Two-point functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.3 Gibbons-Hawking effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3 The transplanckian question and two-point functions 47 3.1 Black Hole radiance and the transplanckian question . . . . . . . . . 48 3.1.1 Bogoliubov coefficients and transplanckian physics . . . . . . 48 3.1.2 Two-point functions and transplanckian physics . . . . . . . . 50 3.1.3 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.2 Unruh effect and transplanckian physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4 Invariant Planck scale, symmetries and the transplanckian ques- tion 61 4.1 Non linear Lorentz action and an invariant Planck scale . . . . . . . . 61 4.2 Deformed two point functions and nonlinear actions . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.2.1 Conformal field theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 4.2.2 Deforming the conformal two-point functions . . . . . . . . . . 64 4.2.3 Massive scalar field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.2.4 Relation to other approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.3 Unruh effect and Lorentz symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 8 Contents 4.4 Gibbons-Hawking effect and de Sitter symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.5 Hawking effect and conformal symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 5 Inflationary cosmology and QFT in curved spacetimes 71 5.1 Inflation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.2 Primordial perturbations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 5.3 Reexamining the power spectrum in de Sitter inflation . . . . . . . . 75 5.4 Reexamining the power spectrum in slow-roll inflation . . . . . . . . 79 6 Loop Quantum Gravity and black hole entropy 85 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 6.2 The combinatorial problem(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.2.1 Domagala-Lewandowski implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.2.2 The Ghosh-Mitra counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 6.3 Previous analytical results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 6.3.1 Domagala-Lewandoswski counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 6.3.2 Ghosh and Mitra counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 6.4 Previous computational results: The ‘band’ structure . . . . . . . . . 96 7 The origin of the band structure: the richness of discreteness 101 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 7.2 Classifying states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 7.3 Highly degenerate integer configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 7.4 Computation of ∆A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 7.5 Analysis of the results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 7.6 Conclusion and outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 8 Black hole entropy and number theory 113 8.1 DL counting and number theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 8.2 GM counting and number theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 8.3 Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 8.4 Analysis of the results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 8.4.1 Hierarchy in the k relevance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 I 8.4.2 r-degeneracy vs m-degeneracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 8.5 Improving the standard entropy counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 9 Towards the asymptotical expansion 133 9.1 Generating functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 9.1.1 Generating function for the r-degeneracy . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 9.1.2 Adding the m-degeneracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 9.2 Black hole entropy from generating functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 9.3 Asymptotical expansion of the entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Contents 9 10 Conformal field theory and Black Hole entropy in LQG 143 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 10.2 Implementing the analogy between Chern-Simons and Wess-Zumino- Witten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 10.3 Remarks and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Conclusiones 149 Appendix A: Dirac equation in the Schwarzschild geometry 153 Appendix B: Classical and quantum properties of de Sitter spacetime157 Appendix C 167 Appendix D 169 Appendix E: Adiabatic counterterms 173 Bibliography 175 Agradecimientos 183 10 Contents

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Contents. Introducción. 11. 1 Quantum field theory in curved spacetimes and two-point func- tions. 21. 1.1 Quantum field theory in curved spacetimes .
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