Universal Design: Principles and Models

388 Pages·2013·145.102 MB·English

by  Roberta Null

DESiGN P
r
Universal Design i
n
c
i
p
l
e
As the baby boom generation ages, it is crucial that
s

designers understand all they can about bringing
a
n
this group, as well as all others, design that will
d
offer function, aesthetics, and quality of life. Full of

M
examples and illustrated with pictures of good design,
o
Universal Design: Principles and Models details how
d
the principles of universal design (UD) can be used to e
l
s
evaluate all products and places. Universal design
is frequently not obvious; therefore, good examples
are essential to understanding.
Universal
F e at u r e s
Universal design (UD) facilitates the comfort
• Features a comprehensive approach
and navigation of those with failing eyesight or
to universal design, addressing both
commercial and residential environments restricted mobility, and the family members and
Design
• Supplies more than 300 best practice professionals who care for them. Whether at
examples of universally designed
home, work, or a public place, people appre-
environments
ciate the beautiful and the practical. This book
• Contains many examples of universal
design used in Japan, Korea, Norway, takes a vital and meaningful approach, going
Great Britain, and South Africa
beyond the basics and delving into details. It
• Emphasizes the concepts of comprehensive
gets to the heart of UD and supplies an under-
design through strong research and many
case studies that feature evidence-based standing of design from a greater perspective.
design directives
K14559
ISBN-13: 978-1-4665-0529-2
90000
R o b eR t a N u l l
9 781466 505292
K14559_Cover_mech.indd All Pages 8/14/13 9:55 AM
Principles and Models

Principles and Models
R o b eR t a N u l l
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20130808
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Contents
Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii
Author ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
Chapter 2 What Is Universal Design? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Chapter 3 The Universal Design Process ..........................................................................................................................................................................................41
Chapter 4 Implications for Facility Managers and ADA Compliance ...............................................................................................................................83
Chapter 5 Enabling Products .................................................................................................................................................................................................................111
Chapter 6 Universal Design in the Office ......................................................................................................................................................................................135
Chapter 7 Design in Public and Commercial Environments .............................................................................................................................................169
Chapter 8 Universal Design in the Home ......................................................................................................................................................................................235
Chapter 9 Marketing Universal Design ...........................................................................................................................................................................................285
Chapter 10 Sustainability ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................307
Chapter 11 What Is the Americans with Disabilities Act? .......................................................................................................................................................345
© 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC v

Preface
This book revision represents my networking experiences in good choice for translation into Japanese, Ron gave him a
the journey of telling the story of universal design (UD). I copy of my book.
have learned to appreciate the contributions of a wonder- That spring marked the first International Universal
ful group of design professionals and professional groups Design meeting at Hofstra University in New York State. At
who share the goal of making the world a better place for that landmark meeting, there were more than 400 people
everyone. attending—and of that group, one-third were from Japan.
In the late 60s, I started teaching housing and design Ron Mace gave the keynote address at the meeting and was
classes at Purdue University. As part of my professional recognized for his leadership in the field of UD. Sadly, Ron
development as a new faculty member, I joined and became died unexpectedly soon after the meeting, but through his
an active member of the American Association of Housing research and writing, he had set the foundation for the UD
Educators (now called Housing Education and Research movement.
Association [HERA]). Other important influences included Later that year (1998), because of my writing on UD, I
Bill Sims, one of my PhD program advisors at Ohio State was invited to present a lecture on UD for the 2nd Universal
and an expert in environmental design research, and the Design Consortium in Tokyo. I then flew to Korea for the
Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA). In meeting, “East Meets West—Housing for People of Diverse
1979, at the first national meeting of EDRA that I attended, I Cultures,” sponsored by the Korean Association and the
won the student design competition for my PhD research on HERA, August 6–8. It was a unique networking opportu-
residence hall environments. I met Ron Mace—the Father of nity created by Dr. Yeun Sook Lee from Yonsei University
Universal Design—at a “Handi-tap” seminar in Columbus, in Seoul. I also presented a UD lecture—“Universal Design
Ohio, in 1980. His common sense approach provided a as a Major Concept for the 21st Century.” My presenta-
unique strategy for building supportive environments for tion, along with that of Amos Rappoport, author of House
handicapped individuals. Form and Culture, was sponsored by the Korean Institute
When I went to teach Housing and Interior Design at San of Architecture.
Diego State University (SDSU), one of my students’ assign- In the following year, 1999, I was invited to attend the
ments—a Kitchen Design Project—started my work with “Unlimited by Design” exhibit at the Cooper–Hewitt
the San Diego Center for the Blind. I designed three working National Design Museum in New York City. The exhibit
kitchens with the involvement of my SDSU students and the provided a powerful tool for promoting UD.
American Society of Interior Designers (ASID). Our project In November 1999, I presented an invited lecture,
won an ASID national award and led to the very successful “Universal Design for the 21st Century,” at the 3rd Interior
community project described in Chapter 3. Telling the story Design Scientific conference in Kuwait (sponsored by the
of this project provided opportunities for giving presenta- Public Authority for Applied Education and Training).
tions at professional meetings (American Society on Aging In 2000, Dr. Yeun Sook Lee planned the World Congress
[ASA], “I’m Old and I Cannot See”) and writing articles for on Environmental Design for the New Millennium in Seoul,
professional publications. Korea, November 8–22. I did a design charrette for Korean
In 1993, while teaching at Miami of Ohio, with colleagues design students and served as a reviewer for educational sub-
Barbara Flannery and Ken Special, I entered a Universal missions for the Congress. From November 13–17, I went
Design Education Project competition. from Korea to Japan for a presentation to Misawa (second
Our proposal, “Strategies for Teaching Lifespan Issues to largest home builder in Japan) and then lectured on UD in
Future Designers,” was one of the 14 chosen as a model cur- office environments for the Kokuyo Company in Yokohama.
riculum in UD. We did a two-day charrette that was described In 2001, I was one of four women invited to give a key-
in the book Strategies for Teaching Universal Design—1995, note talk at the first UD symposium in Kumamoto, Japan
Polly Welch, editor, Adaptive Environments, Boston. (the other speakers were Valerie Fletcher, Pattie Moore, and
Several years after the passage of the Americans with Molly Story). The following year, the 3rd Universal Design
Disabilities Act, the textbook that I wrote with Ken Cherry, Conference was held in Yokohama, Japan. I participated in
Universal Design: Creative Solutions for ADA Compliance six poster presentations and later that week went to Korea
(Belmont, California, Professional Publications, Inc., 1996), where I gave a keynote speech, “UD for an Aging Population,”
was published. The book opened doors for my recognition at an Aging-in-place Symposium at Yonsei University in
as a UD professional. In 1998, when a Japanese businessman Seoul, along with John Christophersen, an architect from
asked Ron Mace to recommend a UD text that would be a Norway. I have continued to attend and give presentations at
© 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC vii
viii Preface
UD meetings and meetings that featured UD components. part of a permanent exhibit on UD. Susan Zavotka worked
Because UD is invisible, marketing efforts need to identify with Lowe’s to develop kitchen, bath, and UD exhibits. These
good examples and tell why they are good examples. have been featured in Lowe’s’ monthly design magazine and
Exhibits (like the one at the Cooper–Hewitt museum) the facility is available for tours.
have helped to promote UD. UD pioneer, Dr. Yeun Sook In 2006, faculty members from The Ohio State University,
Lee initiated a UD exhibit and symposium at the Hangaram Jack L. Nasar, Jennifer Evans-Crowley, and Scott Lissner,
Design Museum Art Gallery in Seoul in 2004. Dr. Lee received funding from the National Endowment for the Arts,
worked with Satoshi Nakagama from Japan in planning the as part of its Annual Universal Design Leadership Initiative,
program and exhibit. I was fortunate to be one of 10 interna- for an International Conference on Universal Design and
tional speakers at the symposium (emphasis was on product Visitability and an edited book. The book Universal Design
design). Dr. Lee created a book (in Korean and English) that and Visitability: from Accessibility to Zoning was published
showed pictures of the exhibit and described the new para- in 2007 in Columbus, Ohio. The conference was attended by
digm of UD that she had developed (Chapter 1). 200 people (125 on site and 75 online) from as far away as
In 2006, I was given the opportunity to develop a UD exhibit Finland and Japan. Steven Jacobs, president of IDEAL Group,
in the Art Gallery on the Medical Campus of the University arranged to put the whole conference online for active dis-
of Southern California (USC). The exhibit, titled “Lifespan tance participation. We were able to ship about 30 posters
Collaborative Strategies,” was in place from March 12 to June from the UD exhibit “Lifespan Collaborative Strategies” to
28. We held a competition for Interior Design students and Ohio State for a gallery display in the registration area. At
the winning posters became part of the exhibit. The faculty the meeting, I received the USC Morton Kesten Summit
from the USC Andrus School of Gerontology worked with Award of Excellence in Universal Design Education.
us in planning several events at the gallery. Early in June, Dr. In 2010, I received the Irma Dobkin Universal Design
Lee brought a group of her graduate students from Yonsei Grant of $2000 from the IFDA Educational Foundation for
University to the gallery for a seminar and tour on their way to a Universal Design Teacher’s Manual to accommodate this
the Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA) meet- textbook Universal Design: Principles and Models (2013,
ing in Atlanta, Georgia. When we were at the EDRA meeting, I CRC Press). The manual Teaching and Evaluation Strategies
took the students to meet with Rebecca Stahr from LifeSpring for Universal Design will also serve as an independent
Environments in Atlanta and we got to see the ASID–UD dem- resource for design professionals.
onstration house (pictures in Chapter 9). One of the problems This second edition of the UD text includes definitions
with the demonstration homes is that, because of cost consid- of UD, applications, examples of best practices, case stud-
erations, they are only open and staffed for short periods. ies of successful UD projects, and trends and resources that
The demonstration facility developed on The Ohio State will enable UD to progress into the future to make life more
University farm campus in 2006 was unique because it is meaningful to countless new generations.
© 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Author
Dr. Roberta Null holds degrees from South Dakota the Blind. She has been invited to lecture on UD in the
State University, the University of Minnesota, and The United States, Korea, Japan, and Kuwait and is the author
Ohio State University. She has taught housing and inte- of a textbook titled Universal Design: Creative Solutions
rior design courses at Purdue University, San Diego State for ADA Compliance, published in 1996. In 2006, Dr.
University, and most recently at Miami University of Ohio. Null received the USC Morton Kesten Summit Award
She received the 1986 ASID Environmental Design Award for Excellence in Universal Design Education. Dr. Null is
for design of training kitchens at the San Diego Center for retired and lives in Whittier, California.
© 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ix