United States Army Doctrine: Adapting to Political Change PDF
Preview United States Army Doctrine: Adapting to Political Change
United States Army Doctrine Adapting to Political Change David C. Rasmussen United States Army Doctrine David C. Rasmussen United States Army Doctrine Adapting to Political Change David C. Rasmussen US Army Garrison Installation Management Command West Point, NY, USA ISBN 978-3-030-52131-8 ISBN 978-3-030-52132-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52132-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such namesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreefor general use. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinforma- tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmaps and institutional affiliations. Cover credit: © Harvey Loake This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgments IwouldliketothankmyfamilymostofallfortheirdedicationwhileIwas conductingresearchandwritingthisbook.MywifeChristineencouraged me to pursue this project, and more importantly, to stick with it. Even thoughtherewereplentyofweekendsandholidayswhenIwouldhaveto tell her that I was, “working on my book report,” she always understood and helped me carve out both the time and space I needed to press on. MysonRobert,aninternationalrelationsgraduatefromSyracuseUniver- sity’s Maxwell School, helped me tremendously with his vast knowledge, keen insights, and editorial prowess while reviewing and critiquing many ofthesechapters.MydaughterMadeline,nowanattorney,whileworking on her bachelor’s degree, then law degree, and finally bar exam, offered metremendousmoralsupportaswellascommiserationaswebothstrug- gled to pass exams, complete papers, and meet deadlines together as we journeyedinparalleltowardourrespectivedegrees.Iwouldliketothank mycolleaguesattheCityUniversityofNewYorkGraduateCenterPolit- icalScienceDepartmentcollectively.ProfessorSusanWoodwardhasbeen my mentor and role model since I first began floating ideas for this topic almost five years ago. She always took a keen interest in my ideas and consistently gave me invaluable guidance for developing them. Professor Peter Liberman was invaluable to me as I developed my initial ideas for thisresearch.Heconsistentlyfoundtheholes,oversights,andotherweak- nesses in my research, and provided me with valuable suggestions for overcoming these obstacles. Finally, I would like to thank my former and v vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS currentbossesattheLogisticsDirectorateattheUSMilitaryAcademyat West Point. Mr. John Mandia, Mr. Jose Aviles, and Mr. Paul Brown each provided me with the flexibility needed to complete this project. Addi- tionally, Mr. Mandia took the time to proofread most of my chapters, and both discussed and challenged my arguments—especially my 1962 case study—as he has a keen interest in the achievements and legacy of President John F. Kennedy. Contents 1 Introduction 1 Military Doctrine 2 Army Doctrine 1942–2008 3 Theoretical Framework 8 Military Doctrine Literature 8 Politics and Political Systems 20 Primary Argument: Domestic Politics 22 Alternative Argument 1: International Politics—Neoliberal Institutionalism 23 Alternative Argument 2: International Politics—Realism 24 Alternative Argument 3: Bureaucratic Politics 25 Research Methodology 27 Testing Method 27 Book Outline 28 References 29 2 1954 Case Study 35 The 1942, 1944, 1949, and 1954 Editions of FM 100-5 (US Army Operations) 36 Domestic Political Factors 37 Analysis of Domestic Political Factors 48 International Political Factors 49 vii viii CONTENTS Analysis of International Political Factors 52 Bureaucratic Political Factors 55 Analysis of the Bureaucratic Political Factors 57 1954 Case Summary and Conclusion 59 References 60 3 1962 Case Study 63 Domestic Political Factors 64 Analysis of Domestic Political Factors 69 International Political Factors 70 Analysis of International Political Factors 73 Bureaucratic Political Factors 75 Analysis of the Bureaucratic Political Factors 78 1962 Case Study Summary and Conclusions 80 References 80 4 1976 Case Study 83 Introduction 83 Domestic Political Factors 84 Analysis of Domestic Political Factors 90 International Political Factors 92 Analysis of International Political Factors 96 Bureaucratic Political Factors 97 Analysis of the Bureaucratic Political Factors 102 Conclusion 104 References 105 5 2008 Case Study 109 Introduction 109 Domestic Political Factors 111 Analysis of Domestic Political Factors 117 International Political Factors 120 Analysis of International Political Factors 122 Bureaucratic Political Factors 124 Analysis of Bureaucratic Political Factors 127 CONTENTS ix Conclusion 128 References 130 6 Conclusion 133 Reference 141 Index 143 List of Figures Fig. 1.1 Spectrum of warfare described in post-WWII US military doctrine (Source Dupuy, Trevor, et al. 2003. Dictionary of Military Terms: A Guide to the Language of Warfare and Military Institutions. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The H.W. Wilson Company) 3 Fig. 1.2 Politics from three systems that have the power to influence Army doctrine decision-makers (Source Author’s Creation) 21 xi
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