United States Army Aviation Digest January-February 1994: Iss 1

57 Pages·22.7 MB·English

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Aviation Digest
Professional Bulletin
1— 94—1-+ January/February 1994
Aviation Restructure—What Does It Mean to You?, Cover: The lead article centers on Army
MG Dave Robinson and CPT Richard S. Daum Aviation's night vision goggles training
Views From Readers program as it affects the confidence of
The Effect of the U.S. Army Night Vision Goggles Qualifica- initial entry rotary-wing aviators. ANVIS
tion Training Program on the Confidence Level of Initial AN/AVS-6, depicted on the cover, and
the AN/AVS-7, discussed in the second
Entry Rotary—Wing Aviators, Mr. Donald R. Arrigo
article, give aviators the optimum
te. Aviator’s Night Vision Imaging System, Total Performance,
capability to see in the dark and perform
Ms. Jennifer McCormick and Mr. Glen Nowak
nap—of-the earth and other terrain flight
15. Seven Crucial Elements to Achieve Combat Readiness, modes. This unique capability provides
CW3 Blaine Pendleton round-the-clock availability of aviation
20. DSUFTP?, CPT Joseph Blackburn assets to support the joint and com-
25. New Training Helicopter Arrives at the U.S. Army Aviation bined arms teams.
Warfighting Center, Mr. Ted Walls
29. Answers to Crossword Puzzle: Unaided Night Operations
Major General Dave Robinson
(p. 53)
30. Camp Rucker Selected as Home of Army Aviaiion, Commander, U.S. Army Aviation Center
Dr. John W. Kitchens
40. USASSA Sez: Magnetic Variation in the National Airspace Major Steven R. Eisenhart
System, CW4 Jim Haugh Executive Editor
43. Aviation Personnel Notes: Aviation Warrant Officer Fixed-
Wing Career Update, CW5 Clifford L. Brown Patricia S. Kitchell
44. Aviation Logistics: Eight Steps to a Quality Airframe Editor
Mechanic, SGM Karl Moody
46. TEXCOM: Development of a Realistic Environment for By order of the Secretary of the Army:
Operational Testing, CW4 L. E. Weidell GORDON R. SULLIVAN
48. ATC Focus: Air Traffic Control Support is Not Free, General, U.S. Army
Mr. Freddie G. Helton Chief of Staff
49. Soldiers’ Spotlight: Aviation Branch Enlisted Initiatives,
CSM Fredy Finch Jr.
50. 1993 Index of Articles PliHle.H asncb or
52. Crossword Puzzle: Unaided Night Operations, Official:
CW3 James T. Chandler MILTON H. HAMILTON
Back cover: 1993 LTG Ellis D. Parker Award Winners Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
06085
The U.S. Army Aviation Digests an official Department of the Army U.S. Army Aviation Digest, ATTN: ATZQ-PAO-AD, Fort Rucker, AL
professional bulletin (ISSN: 0004-2471) (USPS 415-350) published bi- 36362-5042, or by calling either DSN 558-3178 or commercial 205-255-
monthly under the supervision of the commander, U.S. Army Aviation 3178. Manuscripts returned only upon request.
Center. This publication presents professional information, but the views Second class postage paid at Daleville, AL, and additional mailing
expressed herein are those of the author not the Department of Defense or Offices.
its elements. The content does not necessarily reflect the official U.S. Army Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve units
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Aviation Digest and to the author unless otherwise indicated. Publication Officer.
uses recyclable paper. Personal copies of the Digest can be ordered from New Orders,
This medium is approved for the dissemination of material designed to Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-
keep individuals within the Aviation Branch knowledgeable of current and 7954,
emerging developments within their areas of expertise to enhance their POSTMASTER: Send address changes to U.S. Government Printing
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Major General Dave Robinson
and
Captain Richard S. Daum
Aviation Planning Group
Fort Rucker, Alabama
Aviation Restructure—What Does
It Mean to You?
As we advance into the new year, on the threshold of the twenty-first 1993 to just under 5,000 aircraft by the
the rate of change in our world is amaz- century, poised to move forward end of this decade. We will realize a
ing. The Information Age seems to with an unprecedented modernization total reduction of nearly 3,000 aircraft
achieve new success at an almost ex- and restructuring plan. The Aviation and a substantial cost savings.
ponential rate. In fact, the only thing Restructure Initiative (ARI) will refit The ARI conversion period starts in
that has not changed is change itself. our rotary and fixed wing inventories Fiscal Year (FY) 95 and continues
Technology permeates every facet of with technologically superior aircraft through FY 99. However, activities are
our lives. Evidence of revolutionary and provide our Army a total aviation well underway in lead units to ensure
breakthroughs abounds, from synthetic force of highly skilled, agile-minded a smooth transition that minimizes
and composite materials, to instanta- warriors ready to meet the challenges impacts on readiness. Units will
neous data transfer, to discoveries in of future conflict. convert to ARI organizations in accor-
medical research. Clearly, those of us Founded on Headquarters, De- dance with an implementation plan
in the military and Army aviation must partment of the Army (HQDA) guid- approved by the Deputy Chief of
also be affected by the monumental ance, ARI fixes the deficiencies in the Staff for Operations and Plans, HODA.
changes in our environment. Army of Excellence (AOE) force struc- United States Army, Europe, will
The “Speed of the Competition” ture, reduces logistic requirements, convert first, followed by the
requires us to break the old paradigms drives down total aviation costs, retires contingency forces. Our goal is to
and resist business as usual. Precision old aircraft, and stays within directed progress from a fleet ratio of 38-
munitions, weapons with the effects of resource constraints. For a detailed percent modernized airframes to 78-
mass, and other sophisticated military discussion on the history of ARI and percent modernized by 1999, and
hardware are being proliferated specific changes to organizational struc- ultimately, a 100—percent modernized
throughout the world. High technology tures, please see the series of articles fleet by 2015.
is no longer the sole possession of on the Aviation Restructure Initiative Currently, we are considering
industrialized nations. Developing beginning with the September/October several options for the disposition of
nations with hard currency are acquir- 1993 issue of the Aviation Digest. older aircraft ranging from foreign mili-
ing state-of-the-art weapons systems Central to our ability to successfully tary sales to decommissioning in place.
from cash-strapped nations selling implement the ARI and displace older, However, fiscal realities indicate we
first-rate equipment. This presents new obsolete aircraft with modern airframes will retain some of the older sys-
challenges to our National Military is our plan to transition our aviators and tems in the inventory well past the ARI
Strategy at the very time fiscal realities maintainers into modern systems. conversion period. The medical evacu-
are leading to downsized forces and Equipment modernization efforts hinge ation fleet will use some UH-1s, and
reduced training and acquisition on divesting the UH-1, AH-1, and an unfunded requirement for a small
budgets. OH-S8A/C systems from the inventory number of light utility helicopters
The new world order calls into and replacing them with technologi- may be temporarily filled by UH—1s.
question the very essence of how we cally superior platforms. The modern Extensive planning is underway to
train, fight, and equip our forces. Am- fleet is based on four advanced sys- ensure we rapidly modernize to meet
biguous missions with untold dangers tems—the Longbow Apache, the Black the challenges of future missions.
will be the norm. It is in this era of Hawk, a follow—on version of the With plans in place to field the
change that Army aviation has found Chinook, and the Kiowa Warrior as an advanced systems, it is absolutely
challenge and great opportunity. interim to fielding the Comanche. The essential to transition our great
The Army Aviation Warfighting Army’s rotary wing inventory will go aviation soldiers and aviators into the
Center and the Aviation Branch stand from slightly less than 8,000 aircraft in modernized systems. Training base
1
U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994
resourcing presents some challenges, everyone will have equitable, career are significantly increased. Personnel
but let me reassure you, they are not enhancing professional development increases reflected in modernized
insurmountable. Facilities, budgets, and opportunities. Performance is the key table(s) of organization and equipment
time may not permit immediate transi- to retention and advancement. It is ab- are a result of going to the full Man-
tions into advanced aircraft for every solutely vital that we retain the quality power Requirements Criteria. Several
aviator and maintainer, but we are people now serving in the older options are available to train and
searching for innovative alternatives to systems until we get them through a reclassify our maintainers. Skill Level
reduce the burden this places on the modernized transition. One soldiers will attend the requisite
field. The aviator transition plan begins advanced individual training to be
We are studying the feasibility of with several initiatives associated with retrained, and transition courses have
unit transitions, exportable training initial qualification training. First, been or will be established to retrain
packages, temporary duty at Fort the Aviation Warfighting Center has Skill Levels Two and Three. Senior
Rucker for ground school portions of reconfigured Initial Entry Rotary Wing enlisted soldiers, Skill Level Four, will
aircraft qualification courses (AQCs), (IERW) training from multitrack to dual be transitioned as needed. During the
and several other options or combi- track. This enables us to shift signifi- transition and beyond, we must retain
nations. Regardless of aircraft qualifi- cant cost savings from initial training the wealth of aviation maintenance
cations, the Personnel Implementation into graduate AQCs. Next, the U.S. experience we have invested in our
Plan (PIP) will ensure professional Total Army Personnel Command maintainers of the older systems.
development and career enhancing (PERSCOM), Office of the Chief, Once again, we will have some of
opportunities remain for everyone. The Army Reserve, and the National Guard these systems well into the next
PIP will be fully aligned with the Army Bureau will closely manage Reserve century.
Aviation Personnel Plan and other per- Component (RC) new aviator acces- Currently, we are looking at options
sonnel policies and procedures outlined sions to ensure we have sufficient RC for maintaining the nonmodernized
in DA regulations and pamphlets. aviators to fill Force Package One, Two, aircraft as long as they remain in the
The transition plan focuses on the and Three units to 100—percent require- inventory. In any case, the ARI goal is
challenges associated with accessions, ments but, at the same time, reduce to train or reclassify as many soldiers
training, and distribution in order to overstrengths. Also, to ensure company in modernized aircraft and supporting
meet two primary goals. First, we must level units are filled by personnel quali- military occupational specialties as
train and position soldiers to convert- fied in the modern systems, most IERW possible. With highly trained, quality
ing organizations early and in sufficient graduates, active and reserve, will be soldiers, Army aviation will be well—
numbers to ensure unit fielding in selected by PERSCOM to remain at suited to maintain the modernized fleet.
accordance with the published conver- Fort Rucker to undergo an advanced Readiness will undoubtedly be the
sion schedule. Second, we must access, AQC. beneficiary, and Army aviation will be
train, and distribute personnel at 100 A final initiative is aimed to improve up to any challenge to ensure decisive
percent in Force Package One, Two, the availability and utilization of our victory.
and Three units to eliminate the unit maintainers. Because test pilot flight In fact, readiness is the basis for the
manning deficiencies embedded in the training resources are constrained, com- Aviation Restructure Initiative. History
AOE structure. An important aspect of missioned maintenance officers and has shown in the post—cold—war era, the
ARI is accommodation in the structure maintenance company commanders international community will look to the
of all units organized at authorized level would complete only the Maintenance United States for policy direction and
of organization 1. Manager (MM) portion of the MM/ commitment in areas of regional con-
The last goal focuses on increasing Maintenance Test Pilot Course for flict or natural disaster. In turn, America
warfighting capability and, therefore, qualification as an aviation logistician will expect its men and women of the
aims to fill aviation company level (what was known as “15D”). This will armed services to implement its foreign
positions first with fully qualified per- allow commissioned officers time to policy initiatives. In this uncertain era
sonnel by grade. Again, because of fis- devote to commanding and managing of great change, Army aviation will be
cal realities, some units will continue maintenance rather than performing ready. Equipped with technologically
to be equipped with nonmodernized air- maintenance functions. The bottom line superior aircraft and highly skilled,
craft well past the ARI conversion pe- for aviator training is that we will limit agile—minded warriors, Army aviation
riod. These units will require the same aircraft transitions to no more than one will leap into the twenty-first century
high quality personnel with tactical and advanced qualification per aviator to ahead of the competition and will
technical competence as organizations maximize the number of aviators with clearly be “Above the Best.”
with modernized systems. an advanced aircraft.
Personnel without advanced The ARI strategy for transitioning
transitions should not feel left out; you our enlisted soldiers is similar to
are far too valuable to the force to be the aviators in that force structure
overlooked. The personnel plan ensures requirements for modernized systems
2 U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994
Views from Readers section of at the Air Ground Operations School.
Junior officer response—
the Aviation Digest. Although I did Thus they are perfectly comfortable
missing the point
not agree with his position, the directing CAS strikes as well— again
Aviation Digest is our digest, freeing up the designated attack
While I enjoyed reading “Per-
which allows us the forum to pilot.
spective on a Junior Officer's
exchange ideas and dialogue on When using a combined arms
Perspective,” (November/December
meaningful issues that affect our approach, look to the subject matter
1993 Aviation Digest) by CW4
profession. The quality of soldiers experts. Normally assigned six per
Stephen R. Selby, I could not help
assigned to Fort Rucker is clearly heavy division, AFSOs are out there
but notice CW4 Selby's failure to
an issue that affects the future of just begging for these missions.
comprehend the message of the two
our branch. With that, I will con- Aviation brigade FSOs, don't let
prior Digest articles.
tinue to assert that Fort Rucker your dedicated assets be controlled
Both articles, May/June 1993,
is an excellent assignment—full of by just anyone. Cal! your division
“Assignment: Fort Rucker,” by MG
opportunities for the junior officer. artillery headquarters or your target
Dave Robinson, and September/
CPT James R. Schenck acquisition reconnaissance platoon.
October 1993, Views From Read- Commander, B Company We'll be waiting for your call.
ers, “Assignment: Fort Rucker—A 1—13th Aviation Regiment
Fire Support!
Junior Officer's Perspective,” by the Fort Rucker, Alabama
SSG John A. Robinson
undersigned, advocated the positive AFSO
opportunities of current and future Feedback from an aerial fire 24th Infantry Division
assignments to the Army Aviation support observer Fort Benning, Georgia
Warfighting Center. Both focused
on the opportunities available to top— Response to feature article by
( TRADOC Hotline 2
quality officers, warrant officers, and LTC PaulJ. PozorskiSr.andCPT(P)
enlisted soldiers assigned to Fort Peter E. D. Clymer, Fort Polk,
Rucker in training the future of Army La.,“Killing Air Defense Artil- The U.S. Army Training and
Aviation. lery in Low-Intensity Conflict,” Doctrine Command (TRADOC) has
Unfortunately, CW4 Selby seems November/December 1993 Aviation established a Warfighting Idea
to have missed the point. Instead, he Digest. Hotline to solicit suggestions that
appears to have personalized the gen- Let me add one more player to the can be applied in existing doctrine
eralization of “overweight and field of this operation or any other or used to develop future doctrine.
somewhat complacent instructor offensive aviation operation. Please The telephone hotline has gone
pilots . . . from years past.” If this consider using available aerial fire through a trial within TRADOC
statement hit home, | apologize. support observers (AFSOs). As se- after being established in July 1993
However, this was only a generali- nior fire support NCOs, AFSOs are by GEN Frederick M. Franks Jr.,
zation of past images. It was not OH-S8A/C-—qualified and bring their TRADOC commander.
intended to lessen the pride or re- unique skills of indirect fire control “Soldiers of all ranks have al-
duce in magnitude the myriad of to whomever they support. Using an ways contributed to the develop-
significant contributions made by AFSO in the mission proposed would ment of our keystone warfighting
the thousands of professional free up the attack helicopter pilot to doctrine,” said COL Gary Griffin,
instructor pilots who have served concentrate more fully on his own director of the future battle director-
and continueto serve Fort Rucker mission. ate for TRADOC’s deputy chief of
with distinction. Many AFSOs have further staff for doctrine.
Last, let me express appreciation sharpened their close air support The major focus of the hotline is
for CW4 Selby's contribution to the (CAS) directing skills by attendance on doctrine, materiel, and training
U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994 3
for warfighting environments and “We realize some may be good, but * Be a high school graduate or
operations other than war. the Army may not have the resources have a GED.
An example Griffin uses to to implement them. Regardless of * Have a secret clearance before
illustrate the type of suggestion whether an idea has merit. each WOCS attendance.
TRADOC seeks is the creation caller will be notified of a status.” * Have less than 12 years’ active
of the Culin Hedgerow Device, The Warfighting Idea Hotline federal service—waiverable with
also called the Rhino or the Culin number is 1-800—445-IDEA (4332) Department of Army (DA) approval.
Fork. or DSN 680-4332. In addition to the mandatory
During the fighting in Normandy prerequisites, to be competitive, you
in World War II, Sherman battle Warrant officers needed in must have an enlisted feeder mili-
tanks could not penetrate the aviation and aviation tary occupational specialty (MOS)
hedgerows—high, strong shrubs that maintenance directly related to the warrant of-
lined fields in southern France. When Despite the Army drawdown, the ficer specialty you are applying for.
tanks were driven over them, their United States Army Recruiting You must also meet specific train-
fronts were lifted in the air, expos- Command (USAREC) is seeking ing and experience prerequisites
ing their vulnerable undersides to qualified soldiers to apply for war- established by the proponent.
enemy fire. rant officer training as U.S. Army These prerequisites are
SGT Curtis Culin III, of the New aviators. The application process is waiverable; however, waiver re-
Jersey National Guard’s 102d Cav- not very complicated; however, four quests are reviewed, approved, or
alry Regiment, suggested adapting nonwaiverable mandatory prereq- disapproved on a case—by—case
the steel underwater barricades Ger- uisites must be met. Each applicant basis, determined by the proponent.
mans had placed around the must— The aviation maintenance
Normandy beaches. When the con- * Bea US. citizen. warrant officer specialty MOS—
traptions were welded to the fronts * Have a GT Score of 110 or 151—A, Aviation Maintenance Tech-
of Shermans, the tanks could pen- higher. nician—is open to interested sol-
etrate the hedgerows and plow * Be a high school graduate or diers. Its required enlisted feeder
through them. Only a few tanks had have a GED. MOSs are all career management
to be fitted with the device; others * Have a secret clearance before field 67—series MOSs.
could follow through the openings Warrant Officer Candidate School Soldiers interested in receiving
they created. (WOCS) attendance. more information about a specific
“Ideas do not have to be as * Be at least 18 but less than 29 specialty or wanting an application
dramatic as the Culin Fork,” Griffin years old before selection for with instructions are encouraged to
said. “We are soliciting imaginative training. call a warrant officer recruiter at—
ideas on TRADOC’s central areas * Pass a Class IW flight physical. commercial 502—624—0820/0832/
of focus: doctrine, organization, * Score 90 or higher on the 8779/8789 or DSN 464—0820/0832/
training, leader development, Alternate Flight Aptitude Selection 8779/8789 or write to—
materiel, and soldiers, as they apply Test (AFAST). Commander
to the battlefield.” USAREC also is currently USAREC
A caller to the Warfighting Idea seeking qualified soldiers to apply ATTN: RCRO-SM-—O
Hotline will be notified that the idea for warrant officer training as avia- Fort Knox, KY 40121
was received and is being consid- tion maintenance technicians. Four If you have a written request,
ered. The notification will be sent nonwaiverable mandatory prereq- include the following information—
within two working days of a call. uisites must be met. Each applicant * Name and rank.
Thirty days later, a suggester will must— * Primary MOS.
be updated on the status of the idea. * Be a US. citizen. * Complete unit mailing address.
“Every idea submitted will re- * Have a GT Score of 110 or * Years of federal active service.
ceive fair evaluation,” Griffin said. higher. * Return mailing address.
4 U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994
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graduate students— information database prod- * Department of Defense Gate-
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U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994
Special hotel and event packages engineering centers. This setting will
( Test pilot reunion )
are being created for the celebration. encourage face-to-face discussions.
A fiftieth anniversary pictorial For more information about the
U.S. Air Force (USAF) Test Pilot history of the school and a cook- conference, contact—
School (TPS) alumni and friends book of favorite recipes of the stu- Department of the Army, U.S.
will gather for a trip back in time dents and staff throughout the years Army Research Office, ATTN: Mr.
when the school celebrates its 50— are being created. Both are seeking Donald Rollins, P.O. Box 12211,
year reunion, 7-10 September. The submissions of material and Research Triangle Park, NC 27709—
newly formed TPS Alumni Asso- anecdotes for publication. 2211, FAX: [phone]; DSN
ciation is updating the graduate ros- All past students, staff, and friends 832-4310.
ter and has begun planning for events of the Wright-Patterson AFB and The conference will—
representing the varied professional Edwards AFB schools are asked to * Provide a forum for the Army’s
and social characteristics of the contact the USAF TPS Alumni best research and science.
school. Association; P.0. Box 404; Edwards, * Enhance networking among
The search for information about CA 93523-0404, with updated those at the state—of—the—art.
TPS graduates and staff has been addresses and information about ¢ Share accomplishments with
complicated by the transient charac- their relationship to the school as academia, industry, and the Army
ter of military life. More than 2,000 soon as possible. leadership.
men and women, from the United *Give Army scientists recogni-
States and 21 foreign countries, have (Army Science Conference ) tion and appreciation.
attended classes at the school since Programs areas to be presented
its creation as the “Flight Test Train- The 1994 Army Science Con- include the following:
ing Unit” at Wright Field, Dayton, ference sponsored by the Assistant ¢ Advanced materials and
Ohio, in 1944. Moves to Vandalia Secretary of the Army for Research, manufacturing (including structures
Field (now Dayton International Air- Development, and Acquisition, and energetics).
port) and Patterson Field preceded Department of the Army (DA), will * Microelectronics and photonics.
the 1951 transfer of all flight and be held at the Peabody Orlando, * Sensors and information pro-
academic activities to Edwards Air Orlando, Fla., 20—24 June. The cessing (including communica-
Force Base (AFB), Calif. Several conference theme is “Army Science tions).
name changes over the years have Conference: Assuring the Competi- * High-performance computing
reflected the varied curriculums. Its tive Edge” for soldiers in the twenty— and simulation (including model-
naming as the “USAF Aerospace first century. The conference ing, displays, artificial intelligence,
Research Pilot School (ARPS)” in anticipates featuring presentations and virtual reality).
1961 showed a shift in emphasis to of 110 papers and posters judged as * Advanced propulsion technolo-
support manned space flight train- best among those submitted by Army gies (including mobility and
ing. Redesignation to the current scientists and engineers. Authors of lethality).
“USAF Test Pilot School” occurred the most outstanding papers will be * Power generation, storage, and
in 1972. selected to receive special rec- conditioning (including directed
Plans for anniversary activities ognition and awards. The audience energy).
include a facility open house, past will include representatives from * Biotechnology.
and present aircraft in ground dis- academia, industry, U.S. Gov- ¢ Life, medical, and behavioral
play and aerial demonstration, and ernment officials, and allied—nation sciences.
classic barbecue and evening social officials. * Environmental sciences and
events as well as sport tournaments. Conference exhibits will be geosciences (including space and
Anaerial/auto rally, similar to events available throughout the conference environmental protection).
held by students in the 1950s, is to demonstrate the latest technolo- ¢ Engineering sciences (includ-
expected to be the favorite of gies in government laboratories ing robotics, structures, mechanics,
attendees. and research, development, and fluid dynamics, and survivability).
6 U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994
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U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994 7
The Effect of the U.S. Army Night
Vision Goggles Qualification Training
Program on the Confidence Level of Initial
Entry Rotary-Wing Aviators
Mr. Donald R. Arrigo
Adjunct Faculty Member
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Fort Rucker, Alabama
U.S. Army Aviation Digest January/February 1994