United States Abridged Life Tables 1919-1920

80 Pages·2006·3.77 MB·English

DEPARTMENT OF’ COMMERCE
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
WASHINGTON
UNITED STATES ABRIDGED
LIFE TABLES
1919-1920
PREPAREBDY .
ELBERTIE FOUDRAY
EXPERTS PECIAALG ENT, BUREAUO F THE CENSUS
I .
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1923
CONTENTS.
Populationsf or which life tables were computed:
WHITE POPULATIONS IN-
Aggregate of twenty-seven states and the District of Columbia.
The original registration states.
The separate states of-.
California. Kentucky . Missouri. Oregon. Utah.
Connecticut. Maryland. New Jersey. Pennsylvania. Virginia.
Illinois. btaasachusetts. New York, South Carolina. Washington.
Indiana. Michigan. North Carolina. Tennessee. Wisconsin,
Kansas. Minneeota. Ohio.
'
Aggregate of fourteen cities.
The separate cities of-
Baltimore. Chicago. Los Angeles. Philadelphia. San Francisco.
Boston. Cleveland. New Orleans. Pittsburgh. Washington,D. C.
Buffalo. Detroit. Kern York. St. Louis.
NEGROP OPULATIOXS IN-
States with less than 4 per cent Negro population.
States with more than 5 per cent Negro population.
Twelve large cities.
Original registration states.
HAWAIIANP OPULATIONS-
All races combined.
Japanese race.
PART1 1.-METHODS USED AND ACTUAL COMPUTATION.
A.-EXPLANATION OF METHODS USED.
Section. Page.
87.. MTheethooryd ouf semde tthoo dde tuesremd iinne odbiftlaeirneinncge r baetetws oefe nm oprotpauliltayt iaotn a igne ss aumned earg e3 iynetaerrsv. a_l_ -a ~ t_ _b -e -g.i-n .n. . i.n - g - -an.-d . -e -n -d - -o -f ~pe..r- i-o -d -. - _-_ -_ - - -_ _ -.-- ... - . . .- _.- - 3321
9. Method used to obtain rates of mortality for ages between adolescence and old age ...- .. . . - - - -.- .- -.. . .- .- .- . - - -.. . -. 33
10. Method used to join mortality of children under 3 years of age with that in the main table. -~ -.- - - ~- -.. . . .~ ~. -. ~- -.- .. . .- . ~ -. 34
11. Method used to extend the probabilities of living to extreme old age.. .. . - -.- -.. - __ - __.. . . - - - - - - - - ~- - - -.. . -.- - - - - - - -.. . .. - . 34
12. Method used to derive Iog 5pz from log p, at every fifth year of age and determination of I, column.. -.. .- -.- .- ~ .- - - -.. ~ .. -~ . 34
13. Method of determining expectation of life from survivors at every fifth year of age. .. .. . . . . . . - .- - - - - - -.. . - - - - -.. .~ . - ~ 35
(3)
4 CONTENTS.
PART1 1.-METHODS USED AND ACTUAL COMPUTATION-Continued.
A-EXPLANATIONO F METHODS UsEw-Continued.
DIAGRAMS.
.
D1.i a rvement of generations represented gr2aphically. - -.- . . . . . .~ ~. ~. ~. ..- -.. . .- .- - - - - - - - -.. . . -.. . ~..- ~~. . -. -.. - . Pag3e1.-
2. Graphic representation of rclation between birth and death records and census atatistics for 1919-1920~ l~ ife table~ s.. ~ - - ~~. . - - 33
~
B.-ACTUAL COMPUTATIONO F ABRIDGEDL IFE TABLEF OR MALES IN THE STATEO F
NEW YORK1: 909-1911.
9ec0on.
14. Preliminary statement.. - - - - - - -.. . .- - - - - -.- .~ ... . . - -.- .- .. . -.~ ~. -. .- .- .. . . -.. . . . ~. -.. .. 1 36
15. Preparation of statistics fo~ r de~t ermination of rates of mortal~ ity of children under 3 years o~ f a~ ge~ .. .- ~ .- .. . . .- ~ .~- .- .~~ ~. -. .. . ~. 36
______ ~
1176.. DDieftfeerrmenicneast iboent wofe rcant epso opfu mlatoirotnasl itayt ocfo rcrheislpdorennd iunngd aegre s3 oyne aJrasn ouf aargye 1- ,_ 19_0-9 .-, - a nd Jan- u~ar..y . . 1 -, .1_ _9 _1_2 _ _ __ ___ .. __.. _ .._ __~ __- _._ ~_ _ .- _._. .. . __- . 3386
18. Original statistics for determining rates of mortality at ages 7 years and ~o ver. -.. .- .. . . . . .. ~-. .. . . . -.. . . -.~ ~. .. . .. ~. 38
19. Application of equations (7) to (10) to the statistica in tape 18.1. - __ -.. . .- - -.~ ~ - -.~ .. . . . . -.. . - -~ .- .. . . . . .~ -. .. . - .. . - .. . . . .~ . . : 38
20-23. Determination of number exposed to risk of death to obtain rates of mortality,. ~... . - . ~-. . ~... -. ~~. .. . . . -.- . 40
24-25. Process of obtaining the log pz needed to compute log gZ.- - - 1. -.- .. . .. - .- -.. ~ -.. .. . .. - -~ - - -.- ~ . -.. . .~ .~. .~ .~ ... - ., . . . 42
26-34. Extension of the series of log p, to a very old age. -.. . . .- -. ~.- .. . . . -~ . -~ .~. . - .. . .. -.~ . -.. . -. ~ -.. . . . ~~ -.~ . 42
35-36. Process of obtaining log needed to computc I, at five-year~ intcrvnls.. - ~- . ~~. . . . .. -. . . . .- . ~ -.~~ .. . . . . 44
37-39. Log 1, at every fifth year of age. - - -.. . . - - - __ -. ~-. -.. .- -.- -.- .. . - .. . . .~ .~. . ~ .~ ~ -~ .. . . -. -. -.. . - -.~ ~ -. -.. . . -~ . 46
40-42. Determination of NX:qfr om 1, and of N', from~ W~ Z:~..- .- . -.. ~ -. .- .. . -.- .~ -. .~ -.. . ~ -.~ - . ~ : . ~~ -. . ~- .~ . ~.. . . . 48
43. Determination of .- - - - - - __ - -. ~... . .- -.- .- .- .- .. . . .- -.. .- - - ~.. . . .- .. . -.~ .. . . -. - -~ ~.. . ~ -.- .. . . . 52
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
TABLES.
Table.
12'. Statistics from which rates of mortality of children under 3 years of age were determined for the New York Male life table,
1909-1911 - - __ __ - - - .. .. -_- .- - - - -- - . .~ ..- - -__ _ - - - - . . .. - - - - - - - - - -.. - - - -. -.- - - ~~. ._ _ __ - - - __ __ - - - -.- .- 36
111435... DDDeeerrriiivvvaaatttiiiooonnn ooofff fffooorrrmmmuu&lla a fffooorrr ccchhheeeccckkk ooonnn wwwooorrrkkk iiinnn tt taaapppeeesss 133589 tttooo 234271 .. _ -__ - __ -_ _ -__ - ~._~- -- ..- . ~ - -._. -._ . _. .._ - _ -_ _.-_ ~- -_ - _- - -. -_-.~. -_. . . _ -.-_ - --_ __- -_ _-_ _-- _-- .-. ~- -.~ . _ _ _~_ -_ __1 --_ _ _-_ s_ -~--..-. ~- - -~ - ~- -.-: - 445280
DIAGRAMS.
Diagram. ____
3. Graphic representation of relation between birth and death records and census ststistics €or 1909-1911 life tal~le~ - - .. - . 37
4. Outline showing order in which births and deaths in Table 12 should be added to obtain values for equations (4a), (k),a n~ d (Sa). 37
TAPES.
Tape.
16. 8, and kz 6,. Dettheerm eiqnuaatitoionn o ff ort haen ndiuffaehretnecse osf imn oprotapluitlyat _i_o_n_ __a_t b~e..g. in - _n_i n- g- -a -n - d- - e-n.d. . o.f- - p- e- r-i -o -d - a_n_d - .o-f ._t _h_e__ir_ _e_q ui_v_a lent_s_ i _n_ 39
~ ~
17. Dz,E ,+k, 6,, and 7, for z=O, 1, 2 years of age. Nruamteesr aoft omrso, rdtaelnitoym uinnadteorr s3, yaenadr sq ouf oatigeen -t s- -o _f th_- e- ~.e q..- m _ti_o _n__ f_o r _d_e_t -e rmin_i_n _g_ 39 .
18. pb19f140 a. nd ~ 1ZlZ~/2+94.- 1P' owpeurela btimoends 'a.n .d. .d- e-a.t- h -s. -u po-n.. ~ .v. .li- i-c -h -r a.-t e-s. - o.f- -m..o . r -t -a -l -i t- y-a.t- .e-a -c - h. ~ fif.t- h - -y.e- a- r- -o.f- -a .g- e. ~. b - e g- inni-n ~ g w__it h ~ a_g_e _ _7_ 39
1290.. 3LL, Za+n&d ((33d)d,.) ,. AAdddditiitoionns st oto o obbtatainin n gurmadbueart eexdp po~o s~ pedu latoti orinssk aonf dd edaetaht hast aeta acghe fsi f7t,h 1 y2e, a1r7 o, fa an~ gde E. O- o_n_ -to.. 92 -y ears. ___- - ___ --... - 4319
~ -
21-92. q,. Results in tapes 19 and 20 arranged conveniently for determining the rate of mortality at each i3th year of age. 43
23. Check on computationsintapes18to 22 ................................................................................ -.. 43
24. 106rlz and 106~~R.a tes of mortality and probability of living at ages 0, 1, 2, years of age and at each fifth year from 7 to 92. 43
2.5. log p,+~. &Iautissaso f probabilities of living. -.. . . . . -.. - - - - - -.- .. - .. - - - - - - - - -.- .. .- -.- - - - - - - - - - - - -.. 43
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
26-30. Differencing (log p,+l) four times at each quinquennial age from G2 to 92 years to determine a fourth difference to use aa a
constant ....................................................................................................... 43
31-34. Summation to obtain (log p,+l) at each fifth year of age from 87 to 117 years. ~..- - - -.. - - - - - - -. - - - - -.. . - - - - - - - - - - -.. - - __ - - 45
35. log pz+l. Addition of mantissas of probabilities of living in tapes 25 and 34 for ages 0 and 1 ~ years and at each ~ fifth year
. from 2 to 117 ...................................----~--..~..-~-.---~-.-....--~--------~....---4-5- -..............
36. log5p2+5. Computation of mantissas of the probability of living five years by equations (13) to (16). .. . - - - -. -. -.. . -. 45
3387.. Clohge Ic,. k oAn dcodmitipount aotfi olongs ipna taanpde slo 3g5 pto, i3n7 .t.a .p- e.. 3 5 ~an-.d. . .th. . e - -l o- g- -g - -Z - i-n - - t a- .p .e . 3-6 -. -.-. -. -.. -. . - - -- -- ... . .. ~ ~--.. ...- -~ - --. -- - -- -- .. .. . . .. ~- ~ ~.. ~ .-~ . --. - .-. - . - .. . . .. . .~ ~ .~... . -4199
39. b, Antiloprithms of subtotals in tape 37.. .. . ~ - .. . . . .. - - - - - - - - ~.. . .~- - - - - - - - - ~- .- .. . .~ -. - ~~. -. - .. . . .- .~ -.~ .- .- -.. . . . .. - . 49
40. ~ 1 % :D~er.iv ation of populations in five year age groUps~ by e~ quati~ ons (17) to (21). .. - .. . -.- .~- .~ . ~... . . .. .. - .- .~ .. . . .- - -.- 49
~ ~
41. N/,. Summation of N'~.:. ................................................................................................... 51
42. Check on computations in tapes 39 to 41. -.. . . . . . . -.. - - - - - - - ~.- .. . . .- - - - - -.- - - -.. . .- ~-. .. .. . - .. . .. - - -. - - -.. .. - - - - - 52
43. e ,, Computation of expetation of life in years by~ equat~ ion (22).~ -.. . - - - - -.- - - -.. . . .- - - ~-. - -.~ .. . - -.~ -~ .- ~- -~ - -.. . . . -.- 52
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
PART1 11.-ORIGINAL STATISTICS.
4S4ec. tiSono.i lrces of original statistics_ ________~ .. . . -.- . - - -.. - .. . - - - - - - - - - - ~-. .- - - -.- - - - - -.. . .. - -. -.- - -.- . - - -.- . - 53
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
TABLES.
T16ab. lSe.t atistics used in the construction of lifc tables but not compiled in the Bureau of the Census. - - ~... .- . - 54
17. Statistic&u pon which rates of mortality at ages under 3 years are based . -. -.. . . -.- .~~ ~. ~. .- .. . . -~ . -. ~... . ~-. .. 58
18. Populations and mortality statistics on which all rates of mortdity,at ages 7 ~ years an~ d over are based. -.. .. ~ -~ ..~ -.. - . 62
~ ~
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
BUREAUO F THE CENSUS,
Washington, D. C., June SO, 1922.
SIR:
I transmit herewith United States Abridged Life Tables, 1919-1920. These life tables, 92 in all, are based
on the 1920 enumerated population and on the births and deaths which occurred during the calendar years 1919
and 1920 in 27 registration states, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Hawaii, and relate to about
74 per cent of the total population of the United States and this Territory.
The preparation of theselife tables was approved by the Census Advisory Committee, in order that 1919-
1920 life tables might be quickly aGailable as a supplement to the United States Life Tables, 1890, 1901, 1910,
and 1901-1910, recently prepared in the Bureau of the Census by James W. Glover, professor of mathematics
and insurance in the University of Michigan.
These abridged life tables were prepared under the direction of Dr. William H. Davis, chief statistician for
vital statistics. The construction of these life tables was under the immediate supervision of Miss Elbertie
Foudray, expert special agent of the Bureau of the Census, who selected the methods used, or devised them
when necessary, and submitted methods and text for approval to Prof. James W. Glover, to whom acknowl-
ed-ment is made. Acknowlcdgment.is also made to Mr. Robert Henderson, actuary of the Equitable Life
Assurance Society of the United States, who read the text and made the suggestions mentioned on pages 31,
32, and 34.
Respectf ullj~,
W. M. STEUART,
Director of the Census.
Hon. HERBERHTO OVER,
Secretary of Commerce.
(5)
UNITED- STATES ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES : 1919 -1920.
I
INTRODUCTION.
QENERAL STATEMENTS. groups, and also for 4 groups of Negro males, and for
1. This third official publication on life tables issued the aggregate males and the Japanese males in Hawaii,
by the Bureau of the Census is called abridged life are shown in one table. .
. tables because of the abridged process of construct- The order or raqk of each value of a function at
ing them and because they show life \able values, any age or in any age interval 'is shown by small
such as rates of mortality and expectations of life, figures in a narrow column to the right. Thus in
only at every fifth year of age instead of at each year Table 3, page 12, in the column for the age 22
of age. years, the figure 1 in the narrow column to the
. Four life table functions are shown : Rate of mortal- right of 3.93 shows that the lowest rate of mortal-
ity per thousand, number of survivors to each age ity at this age was among Wisconsin white males.
out of 100,000 born alive, number of deaths in each Also the 28 in the narrow column to the right of 5.17
age iiterval out of 100,000 born alive, and complete in the same age column shows that rates of mortality
expectation of life in years. Annual rates of mor- among 27 male populations were lower than that
tality are given for the following ages in years: among New Jersey white males at this age.
0, 1, 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, and so on at 5-year inter- Abridged life tables for 1919-1920 were constructed
vals up to 92. These rates of mortality are for for whites and for Negroes separately in the original
the midyear of the quinquennial age groups 5-9, registration states, which is the largest area upon which
10-14, 15-19, and so on, and represent roughly United States life tables have been based heretofore.
. the average rate for that age group. From these To show the change in the ten-year period, the life
rates the number of survivors out of 100,000 born table values for the period 1909-1911 are in italics
alive was determined at the exact ages 1,2, 7, 12, 17, just below the corresponding ones for 1919-1920.
and so on, at each f3th year of age up to age 92. The 1919-1920 rates of mortailty show that there
From the survivors the expectation of life in years was marked improvement among white males for
was derived for these same ages. Then the number each age given, except 17, 27, and 92, and among
of deaths out of 100,000 born alive was determined white females for each age given except 17, 22,
for age intervals 0-1, 1-2, 2-7, 7-12, and so on for 27, and 32. See Tables 3 and 4, pages 12 to 15.
each quinquennial age group up to age 92-97. The values for Negroes at the bottom of these
Altogether the life tables relate to 74 per cent of tables sh0.w similar fluctuations at the same ages,
the population of the United States, exclusive of and also some at ages 52 to 62, 72, and 82.
outlying possessions, except Hawaii, as enumerated This lack of improvement in adult years was due
in the census of 1920. The 1910 life tables relate to to the influenza epidemics of 1919 and 1920.
about 28 per- cent of the total population of the Values taken from the life tables for the Jap-
United States, of which not more than 2 per cent anese Empire for the period 1908-1913 are in
are Negroes. Under these circumstances, therefore, italics just below those for the Japanese in
life tables for total populations and for white popula- Hawaii in 1919-1920. From these values it ap-
tions do not differ much. But in the various states pears that infant mortality is much lower among the
and cities and other groups of population for which Japanese in Hawaii than in the Japanese Empire.
1919-1920 lie tables are constructed the per cent Possibly the desire for American citizenship influences
of colored population varies from 0.6 in Wisconsin the number of births registered among Japanese in
to. 51.4 in South Carolina. No true comparisons the United States territory and this may be the cause
could be made between aggregate populations because For the differences in infant .mortality rates among
of this varying per cent of colored population. Ac- Japanese in Japan and in the United States. But
cordingly all the abridged life tables, except those ifter age 27 and up to old age mortality rates among
for Hawaii, are for white or Negro populations and Japanese appear to be more favorable in the Empire
;han in Hawaii. The number of Japanese over
not for the aggregate. All the tables are also shown
by sex. 30 years of age in Hawaii is' too small to afford
&able life table values.
To render comparison easy the values of each life
As the life table functions are shown for each sex
table function are grouped in tables by sex. Thus all
;eparately,Table 11 permits a comparison of the rates of
the expectations of life at every fifth year of age for
white males in 23 states, 14 cities, and in 3 other large R&um6 Statiatique de L'Empire du Japon, Table 14, p. 17.
(7)
. .
8 . UNITED STATES ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES.
mortality of the two sexes in each area and -age group. statistics used in obtaining the rates of mortality from
This table shows the excess of the rate of mortality age 7 to last age in table.
among males over that among females in each age
POPULATIONS ON WHICH LIFE TABLES ARE BASED.
group in each area. Differences in bold-faced type indi-
3. By means of these abridged life tables it was
cate that the rate of mortality among females is greater
desired to obtain life table values for all parts of the
than that among males in that age group and area.
United States for which reliable death statistics could
Thus, at age 27 it will be noted that the rate of mortal-
be obtained, in order to study the varying mortality
ity among white femdes exceeds that among white
conditions in the different sections of the country.
males by 0.89 in .the state of Illinois; by 1.62 in
Accordingly not so much attention was given to the
Indiana; by 2.25 in Kentucky; by 2.04 in Michigan.
size of the population on which life tablcs are bnsed
It will dso be seen that greater mortality among
as to the reliability of the death statistics available
females than among males is more frequent in 1919-20
for the calendar years 1919 and 1920, and as to
than in 1909-1911.
whether any birth statistics were available which
OUTLINE OF CONTENTS. could be used to estimate practically the same per
2. This report on life tables is divided into three cent of the actual number of births in each of these
parts, abridged life tables, description of the process areas from '1916 to 1920. The largest population on
. used in computing them, and the original statistics on which an abridged life table is based is that for aggre-
which these life tables are based. gate white males, 37,026,026. The smallest popula-
In Part I each of the Tables 3 to 10 shows for one tions are those for Hawaii, the Japanese female popu-
sex all the values for one life table function. Table lation in Hawaii being only 46,630. Consequently
11 shows the excess of rates of mortality among males these last tables are far from smooth, but it is believed
over those among females in the same area .and age that they are reliable up to about 50 years of age.
group. Bold-faced figures in any age group indicate The size of the population 'and the number of deaths
that the rate .of mortality among feinales is greater on which each life table is based are shown in Table
than that among males. Figures in italics in these 18, pages 62 to 71.
tables are used for the values taken from the 1909-1911 Fourteen tables are based on the sum of the popu-
life tables for whites and Negroes in the original lations in a number of states or cities.- Six arc for
registration states and for the values taken from the whites and eight are for Negroes. The populations on
lifc tables for the Japanese Empire for the period which the life tables for whites are based total 77.09
1908-1913 xybich are given in:thesc tables for the per cent of the white population of the United States
sake of comparison. exclusive of outlying possessions, while those on which
Part I1 includes a full explanation of tlie method the life tables'for Negroes are based total 46.13 per
used tocompute these 1919-1920 abridgedlifet ables and cent of the Negro population. FOGo f these tables are
photographs of the actual computation by this method for white males and females and for Negro males and
of an abridged life table for males in the state of New. females in the original registration states, which include
. York, 1909-1911. The computation of a life table by the New England states, New Jersey, New York,
the extended method for ma1es.h the state of New Indiana, Michigan, and the District of Columbia.
York, 1909-1911, is shown in Part VI1 of the United Two life tables for aggregate white males and fernales
States Life Tables, 1890, 1901, 1910, and 1901-1910, include the populations of the original registration
and these computations by the abridged method show states, and California, Ihois,K ansas, Kentucky,Mary-
not .only the differences between the two. processes of lid,M innesota,1 Missouri, NorthCarolina, Ohio, Oregon,
computation but also the differences between the re- Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Ut&, Vir-
sults obtained by the two methods when applied to the ginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. Two life tables
same original data. The photographs are accompanied are for whites in fourteen large cities: Baltimore,
by a detailed clescriptios of the computations shown in Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Clcvcland, Detroit, Los
'
them. Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Pitts-
In Part I11 are the three tables of original statistics burgh, St. Louis, San Francisco, mid Washington,
on which these abridged life tables are based. The D. C. Life tables for Negroes in states with less
fist one, Table 16, gives the statistics used which than 4 per cent Negro population* are based on.
were not compiled in. the Bureau of the Census, but the. Negro population in sixteen states: California,
were either copied from state reports on vital statistics, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Massachusetts,
or were compiled especially for these life tables through Michigan, Minncsota, New Jcrscy, New York, Ohio,
the courtesy of the individual state departments. Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, Washington, and Wis-
Discussion of the statistics shown in this table is consin. Life tables for Negroes in states with more
given at the beginning of Part 111, section 44. Tablc than 5 per cent Negro population2 arc based 011 the
17 shows the statistics used in obtaining rates of mor- Negro population in sevcn states: Ecntucky, Maxy-
tality up to 2 years of age. Table 18 shows the
No statesfor which life tables were computed had between 4
1 R6sum6 Statistique de L'Empire du Jrtpon, Table 14. p. 17. and 5 per cent Nekro population.
INTRODUCTION. 9
land, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Ten-
nessee, and Virginia. Two more life tables for Negroes
are based on the Negro population in twelve cities:
Baltimore, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland,
Detroit, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia,
Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and Washton, D. C.
YORTmTY OF CHILDREN UNDER 3 YEARS OF AGE.
4. A study of the birth statistics available for these
life tables showed that. the number of births registered
ranged from about 75 per cent to practically 100 per
cent of the actual .number of births. Consequently,
unless corrected, it was impossible to use these birth
statistics as a basis for comparing mortality under 3
years of age. The method used to obtain the computed
number of births for the United States Life Tables,
1890,1901,1910, and 1901-1910 could not be used for
the 1919-20 tables, since the deaths during the calendar
years 1921 to 1923 were, of course, not available at the
time the abridged life tables were prepared. Accord-
ingly a method or plan had to be devised whereby the
number of births could be determined from the statis-
tics available at the time of the computations of the
tables. Census returns for children under 1 year of age
are recognized throughout the civilized world as
practically always incomplete. Mr. George King says:
The number of infants alive under one year of age should closely
agree with the calculated number derived from the births and
deaths, there having been no time for emigration to tell, whereas
the number of children alive in each of the succeeding four years
of age should progressively be a little less-the difference being an
increasing one-than the number calculated from the births and
deaths. It is, however, seen that the census returns do not comply
with these conditions, and the conclusion seem to be inevitable
that a large number of infants under two years of age escaped
enumeration at both the censuses of 1901 and 1911, more especially
EO in 1911, although why that should be it is difficult to understand.
Is there any other explanation? Thie is a matter that is well
worthy of investigation before the next census comes to be taken.'
It was assumed that the ratio of the actual num-
ber of children under 1 year of age to the number
obtained from census returns was uniform through-
out the United States. To determine approximately
the value of this ratio an investigation was made of
the children born in Washington, D. C., during the
calendar year 1919. The census returns for the District
and its death records were scarched for the children born
therein 1919, and a form letter was sent to the parents
of those children whose names did not appear either in
the census schedules of January 1,1920, or on the death
records for the District for 1919. Between 500 and 600 YEAB. Total. White. Colored.
answers to these inquiries were received and they were
uI,s e1d9 a2s0 ,a o bf asthise focrh ielsdtriemna wtinhgo seth en asmtaetsu sw oerne Jmanisusainryg 11992109_. __________ ~_ ________________ ~ _ _____________ _____ ________ ______ _____ ________ _ __.____~ ~~ ___22_32 ..73. 2232..51 2275..02
1918. 24.6 24.6 24.5
ftoro omb ttahien sdcehhediutele isn afonrdm aabtioount. whSoempa irta twe arse cimorpdoss wsiebrlee 11991176 .. ________ ~_ ____ __________._____~ _____.~ _____ ._._____. __ 22_45.._70 __22 45..71 2240..44
~
kcpt for white and Negro children, and the per cent of
children whose namcs were missing from the census From this table it will be seen that the number of
white children nt each age under 3 years on January 1,
Supplement to the Seventy-fifth Annual Report of the Regia- 1919, mas probably greater than on January 1,1920,a nd
trar-General, 1912. England and Wales. Part I. Life Tables.
Section 42, page 13. the number of children between 1 and 3 years of age
10 UNITED STATES ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES.
on January 1, 1920, was probably greater than on METHOD USED IN CONSTRUCTINQ ABRIDGED LIFE TABLES.
January 1,1921. The number of children at each year 5. In decidingsthe method to be used for the con-
of age under 3 years according to the census returns struction of abridged life tables for the United States
of April 15, 1910, was less than the number at the various methods were studied closely, and the one set
corresponding age according to the census returns of forth by Mr. George Ring on pages 26 to 33 of the '
January 1, 1920. Any form of interpolation between Supplement to the Seventy-Hth Annual Report of the
census returns would show a gradual increase in Registrar-General of Births, Deaths and Marriages in
the number of children uncler 3 instead of the actual England and Wales, Part I, Life Tables, was adopted
fluctuation that occurred, and therefore no inter- with some modifications.
polation between census returns could be used. The process \vas shortened and methods for joining
The method adopted for determining the popu- life table values at ages under 3 years with those at
lations under 3 on January 1, 1919, and January ages 12 years and over were devised so that expecta-
1, 1921, is a modification of the method used for deter- tions of life at birth and at other young ages could be
mining the number of births for theunited States Life obtained. The method used is explained fully in sec-
Tables of 1890,1901,1910. and 1901-1910, section 109, tions 9 to 13 of Part 11, pages 33 to 35.
page 340.
TABLE2 . LIFE TABLE FUNCTIONS FOR
BY THE EXTENDED AND BY THE ABRIDGED METHODS
ANNUAL RATE OF MORTALITY PER THOUSAND AT AGE 2.
EXACT AGE IN YEAES. Inle scso lcuomr%n 2 By extended Ilne scso cluomrren- 0 By abrid ed 1 ~ ~ ~ c ~ $ 6
4-8 group. csoprloautnm0d ininn 4 g. 4a-p8m pegltirheodou dtp o. csoprlaoutnemd ininn 4g . apmpelgirtehodud tpo . I c'porelauntymed ininn 8 g.
1 2 3 4 I 8 0
6
201 ......................................................... .............r............. ..... .............1.3.2.47... 4295 .........++.. ...6.3.16. 1312357...051463 +++ ...O63516 1312407... 242591 ............................................... . ................................................................................... ...... .
67 .... ...................................................... ..................6 .53 .........+.. ...o..s 34..7450 ........+.. ...0.5. . ...........3...7.5. ................................. .. ....................................................... .....
1112.. ......................................................... ............2..3.0.. ..............o.o. 22..3302 ........-.. ..0..4. . ......................I ......2...2.8. .................................. ............................... ..II.. ... ..................... .
1107.. ........................................................... ...............3 .37 ..............o.o. 33..3777 ........+.. ...l.l. . 3.88 I ...........-... .0.5. ..........3...9.3. ..........+.. ...1.0.
2212 ............................................................... .............5.. 34 ........-.. ...o.s. . 55..8432 ........-.. ...1.6. . .........- ...5...4.7.. .............-...M. ...........5...5.1. ...........-.. ..1. 2
2267 .. ........................................................... ............6...2.7 .........+.. ...a.., 60..4283 .........+.. ...a.,. ................1. .........+... .0.4. .. ...........0...4.8. ................o o
3312 .... ......................................................... .............7...9 R .........+.. ..0.3. . 78..9457 ........-.. ...0.1. . ...........80...45.62. . ..1. ..........+...m.. ..........8...4.3. ..........-.. ..0..4.
3367 ............................................................ ............1.0..6..7 .........-.. ...0.5. 1110..1782 .............0 .0. . ..........1...l.. .1.8. .............-..0.7. . ...........1.1...2.5. ............+.. .07
4412 ........................................................... ............1..2.9 .8 ........+.. ...0.1.. 1123..9479 .........-.. ...1.5. ..........1.3...3.4.. .............+..M.I. . ...........1..3...2.8.. ............- .21
4467 ...................................................... .................1.5...9.8 .........-.. ...O..l 1156..9790 ........+.. ..0.4. .. ..........1.0...7.4. .............-... .0.4. .........1.0...7.8. .........+.. ...0.8. .
5512 ........................................................... .............1.9...9.0 .........+.. ..0.8.. 1290..8920 ........-... ..0.1. . ..........2.0...8.9. ..1. .........+.. ...0.7. ...........2.0...8.2.. ...........-.. .os
5.7% ...........I................. ................................ ............2.7...2 6 .........-.. ...l.2. . 2297..3358 ........-.. ,...3 .5. . ..........2.9...0.0. ...1 ..........-...1.3. . .........2.9..1..3. .........-.. ...2.2. .
0612 .. ..................................................... .................3.8...0.8 ........-.. ...0.1. . 3480..5049 ........+.. ...0.2. . ..........4.0..5.6. .............+...0.3. .. ..........4.0...5..3. ...........-.. ..0 1
86 ............................................................. ...........5.1...0.1 .........+.. ...1.6. 51.45 .........-.. .... ...........................+.... ... ........-.. ....
67 51.87 .19 54.08 15 54.53 .34
7721 .. .............................................................. ............7 20 5 .........-.. ..0.2.. 7727..0276 .........-.. ..6..1. ..........7.6...6.5.. ................o.o. .........7.0...6.5. ..........-. ...6.1. .
7770 ........................................................... ...........1.0.3...1.1. .........-.. ..4.4.. 110131..5050 ........+.. ...8.8. . 111.88 -. 84 .........1..1..2. 7.2.. ...........+..l . 72
8812 .... ....................................................... ..........1..4.8..2.0.. .........-.. ..9..8. 116409..8190 ........-.3...0.9. .. 157.80 ..........1.5.7...8.4.. ...........-.3.. a5
8887 ............................................................ ...........2.1..1..7.9 .........+.l... .1.6. 221210..7403 .........+.3...5.0. . ..........m....2..0.. .............................. .. ............................................................
9912 ......................................................... .................2.8.3 .46 .........+.. ..2..4. 226734..6222 .........+.3....s.. .........m....a..s.. ............................... . ............................... .I: :: : : : : : : : : ... _. .
INTRODUCTION. 11
AOE ORODP OF ORIGINAL STATISTICS. 9-13, and so on as well as & the age group 5-9,10-14,
6. At the time it was decided to begin the computa- and so on. The results are shown in Table 2.
tion of the abridged life tables population statistics To obtain the probability of living from ages 1 to 6
were not available by each single year of age, but only years for column 10 from rates of mortality at these
by single years under 5 and the quinquennial age ages, equation (iiia), page 35, with the coefficient of A3u0
+ +
group 5-9, 10-14, and so on up to age 100 years and changed from 1.0 to 1.2, was used. The coeffi-
over. Although it was desired to use the group 4-8, cient +1.2 was derived in the same way as the co-
9-13, and so on up to end of life, to mait for a com- efficient +1.0. See section 12, page 34. Where the
pilation of populations in the quinquennial age group original statistics for both the extended and the
4-8, 9-13, and so on, would have delayed the abridged methods are based on the same age group,
computation of these tables too long. there is very close agreement. So any difference
To show the variations produced in life table func- between several life tables for New York, males,
tions by applying the abridged process to the original 1909-1911, seems to be almost entirely due to the
statistics in different age groups, the abridged process variation in the age groups of the original statistics
was applied to the original statistics for the 1909- from which they were derived.
1911 New York male life table in the age group 4-8,
MALES IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK: 1909-1911. TABLE2 .
WITH ORIGINAL STATISTICS IN GROUPS 4-8 AND 5-9.
1, NUMBER OF SURVIVORS AT AQE X OUT OF 100,ooO COMPLETE EXPECTATION OF LIFE
BORN ALIVE IN YEARS AT AGE 2.
In column
lased on rates Based on 22 15 less
in column 6 incolumn 10 spon&ng
1
10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20
~ _ _ _ _
' lo8o7,O,2O6o1 0 188074'0 : o32o85o70 --8 7306 lo88o74: ,2M265w31) _____54_137 ../ _7897_ ._._____ ._ --_.._0a_23_ __ 545734...886928 ---...00l7o8 455734...876121 ..___.___ ___.. .._..._._.____. _~ .... .___. .._.._..__.____0a1_ _._.._ __._ ________.
81,135 -151 8so1: 298264 ___. _-2_95. _.... ~ .M) 5521..6992 _____ __+___.0_5 _ _.___~_ _5___1_._9__ 7_ ___ .__.._... _..._....._......~ .._-._._._ .._ 67 ___________.
79,812 ._.._-.1.5_2 ...... 7799: 796840 .._.__-27 .0_ _.. .. _... ..7.9 ~, 5-1.0. .-. . . . ~ 48.-. ~5 3 ... . -.- - - -+.- . - 0.1~ . a475.632 +.05_ _.__. .4_7.68_ _.... .. _.. .. .. _.. .. . . ._. .. . _. _.. . .-. __. _. -. _ ._.. .. _.. ... .. 1 l2l
78,796 _......-1.5.4. .... . 7788: 698540 .. _ __ _-_2_7_9_ .. .._.7.8.,.4.0.5. __..._ .. 4~~_ 4.-1..2.. . . ._ _ -..+ - .._ 0 1_. . 443L.2l6l _____+__.0_5 _ ...__ _43_.31_ __.________...._....._....__..__... .._._.1.1_76. _____.._......
_____
.......77.,_ 17.0_ . _._..._.. .-.1.3.4. .... 7776,,380845 .. - -.~- 2.4.. 4. . . __.7.6..6.4.1. _._-._._._4._ 0__. .0_0 ... .__+_.0_1_ _____33 99...929 1 +_.04_ _._.__ . _39_.25_ _._. . ..._ ... .. .. _. . .. -. _. -. . ._. -. . -_. ..- .. _ ... .. . .. ... .. .. 2212
......7.4.,9_88. _...._--. _-.1.1.9. ..... 7745: 163097 -223 ._...7.4.,_4.1 .8. ._.- ... . . 3~ 6..0..9 . . . .. . .___.. _o o _. . 3356..3019 ____~ +__._ 0_3__ _ ______3__5_.3__4_ _ .... .. .. ... . .. ... .. ... .. .- ...... . .. .. ... .. .. .. . . . . 2276
.-....7.2.,4.4.4. _._.., _.-1.3.2 ..___7712:_ 59979_6 .. . _ _ .- -2..3 . 3. ~ , ......71.,.7_66_ ____ _ .... . 3 .2. ..2 . 6. . . .. .. .. . . .. o.o . . 3312.5 261 _.~ +__.04__ .. _ ._ ____._3_ 1 _._5_5 _ _._. . ._.. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . _.. .. _. _. ._ ._ _. _. _. . . ._.3312 .
.......6.9,.2.3.2- --... ___-1.1_9 ....._.6 689:3 65017 __. _-1_99 __..__._6.8., .4.0_.8_ ._ .- ... - .2 -8.6. 4. . . -..- .. - ..o-o . . 2287..9644 _._+.0.4 .._....._.__2.7. ..9_8 ..._.. .. _.. . _. . .. . _. . .- _... .. _. _. -_ ...__ . . __. . .__ 3367 _....
......6.5.,.3.1_4 ..__.._ ._-10.6. ......_ 6645: 452702 ._ -176 ._...6.4.,~ 3..9 .6. .. .- .. . - 2~ .5. .. 2. 1. . . .. - -..+. .. . 0. 1. - 2245..5230 __+._03 _____.____2_ 4~ .._5__6_ ___ __..._._.. _. .. .. .. .. .. .~. .-~. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 44a1
......6.0.,.8.3_3 __...._ _-.1_04 ......_.56 90:9 93684 ._ -140 ___59,_8W__ .__.-. _._. - _ .2- 1 ~._8.7.. . . - - - - -... .-M -). . 2211..8272 ____~ +_.a_2 ____._2_1.2.__4_ ___ ._...__..... ..__ -. .. -.-. _._. .._._.._~.._. __ ._. ._. 46_. . ..47
__
...-........54..95..,,_77.23.01._ ..._._____...._. __--1..0 _72_3 . ............_.5544 4895:,,84 8650298248 ... _. - .__.--_1__2_ 68 8._-. .._ __._ __5448~. _,,_53_77__20_ _...__...-.__ . _.-. . ._.~ l1 . a.~5 .._.6 5.. . 48.. .. _.. .. _- -- -. -- -+ -.... - . 00 - . 11~~ - . 111ia55%..o506 705i .._ _ _-++._-...0a . .23.- . . ... .. ..._ - ._-. ~ .1E~.. . 8o- .-0.2- .4 . . ~. . .....~ _ -_- _.._.._ .. _ ... _.._ __-. _~. .._.. .. -- ........_ . ... ... _ _.. ~.. -~._ __._.._ ._.._ . ._ .. __ .. _ 5555 61_27 ......
......4..z.4.0_0 _.._.._ _-_ 6.7_ ......44.02: 486479 .~ ... _-_ 3_.1. . ._...40.~ ,..8 .1.5 .__. __12_.83_ _____~ _..M)__ .__._ 1122_..8331_ ___ .._+ ._. 02_ _.. . . . - .. . .1. _2 _3_ 3_ _._. -. _. . . .. .. _ _-.._ -_.. . . .. _. . ._ _. ._ . _661_2 _.. _._______
.......3.4.,0.1_5 _.._..._ _-_ 3_8 .......33 24: 305031 .___.- _ 1.3 .__-.-_ 3.2.,2.8.9. _... ._ _'-_. 1...0 ... 3. 7. . . ~. _ _ __ __. _oo _- . 190..9307 __+.0_1~ ._.. .__ __9.._91_ _ ______._... .__ __.._.... ..__ .....?_.. .__._._ ._. 6_6_67_ ______.
~ ~
.~...2.5.9_05.5. .._..__ ._-_ 3_3 ......_2235:. 31 0178 ... :...+.B..o. .._.2.3.,3.6.7. ___._._.. .8_.._1_7. .. . __+_. 0_1 ....._a7.7i.66 _..-.0.2. ______7_.74._ ____..______ _.___~ ._._.___________. _.____.___. __ _7721._ ._._ _ _.__.
-.....1.%.2_ 20. .-_._._. ._-. 1-9. ...... 1146: 253597 ._ __ .+_. _ .3_8 . ._...*1 .4. ., 5_9.5. _.-. ._ ._. 6. ... 2. 8. . . ~. _ ... _ +__. _ 0_1 _ _ 65.8.4a _.-..a.2 ______.6.9.2_ .___._ ____..._ .__ .. - _ .- -. -_ _- ~..._.- - .~~ -_ .-....~. ._ ....... 77 . 76 _ _
___
__...8.,5.6.5. __...__.... -_ _10. ....._ 87: 529765 ..-.+._ 21_ ..__-.-.. 7.,3.1.7. .__.._._. . .- 4. ..7 .4 . . . -.- .. . +. _ ._ 0 .1. . 44..4773 __-.0.4. ._._ _.__4.4_.3 _ ___._._..._..._._-_..-.__-_______ -__..88_21_. ___._.__._. ._. .
____ _______ ____ ~
- 4 32: 360038 ._._+6_6 _.___..._2.,.6 7.4. ._- -- - --._. . 3. _..6 . 4. . . . .~ -..- - ... 0- 1- . 33..4685 .__-. 3.1_ .__3~ . 17 ~ __.___.._.........__..__.-__..__._8 8_87 __..__..... ...
868520 .- .- - - -- - .7- -1 ___.5.7.6 ._I. -_ ... - ..~.2 ...8.._4 . . . .- ~... -. .. ~. 0. 7. . 227 981 ._ _ __ -_.75_. . . .. .- .- .- .2. -0 3._ _ ._._ ._ . . .. ._ . . _.. - _ ____.~ _..~ :.._.._._ _. _~ ___..99 _ 12 _
~ ~
PART1 .-UNITED STATES ABRIDGED
TABLE3 .-Mrtles. lOOOq,. ANNUAL RATE OF MORTALITY
--
- EXACT AGE IN YEARS.
ai I
-d--2c1 ABEA AND COUIB. -l 0 - 1 2 - 7 - 17 - 22 - 27 - 32 -g
4 4 d i 4 j i $
i d OOOqz m 2 2 d
- - -- E - P-; - - - - -
WHITE.
31 OAOrgnigggriinenagalal rtreee g1gi.js.s trt.ar. ta. it.o in. o. nd. sa . tt. ae. dt. e,- s1..¶9 ._0__ 9-_ 1_.0. 1... .1.. _ ... _. . .~__ _ ._..-__. _ . ._ _.._ - .1 892423...234633 22- .82_ . 21l87a.. 528910 .21_ 38 _-.12a9 .. 74O3B6 12.-3 7_ -333...043102 12-.5.5 . -282... 22f509 -21.14. . -333...699623 -22.12. 446... 99S749 -2201 -556...887629 12-_09 _ -.667. ..838617 12--90. .
ti California.. .. . . . ._S.T_A .T._E_ S. __._-_ ... . . . . . . . ._ .-. :2. i7 9 14.89 10 7.52 9 3. 13 17 2.77 35 4.80 38 5.87 37 7.22 38 8.39 36
1 Connecticut.. .. . . . . . _ _~.... . .. . . . . . . . . . . - . 94.60 30 16.53 14 9.01 n 3.26 20 2.22 19 3.88 '19 5.03 23 6.01 23 6. 84 18
9 Illinois. ._.. ... .. . . . ... ... .._.... .. . . . . . ... .. 84: 14 21 19.68 26 9.35 28 3.12 16 2.20 14 4.05 26 4.63 11 5.49 12 6.58 10
1113 IKnadnisaansa_ ..._...... _.. ._ ._._ _._.. _... ._._..__. _....__. ._. _... ....._... ..._ ._. _ _ __..86 71.. 2S3I 194 1163..3080 163 86..8471 166 22..0557 136 22..1039 *170 43..2761 2193 44..7242 123 54..11962 62 55..8915 a1
15 ....._..._ __......_._...6.9...2.8 6 17.61 19 8.30 13 2.83 10 2.20 14 4.35 31 5.50 34 5.65 17 6.'18 4
17 ............~ ............... -- 95.w 33 17.69 20 9.10 24 2.93 12 2.21 17 3. .13 2 5.00 22 6.18 28 7.50 33
19 Massachusetts .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 19.22 25 9.16 25 3.28 22 2.05 *5 3.37 3 4.24 3 5.64 16 6.31 6
. 2 213 Mh fiicnhniegsaont. a.... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -. _.. .. ... .. .. .. ._ . . _.. .. ._ ._ . 983&. 4850 295 1117..0714 212 85..9666 2*l0 23..5550 905 22..4162 319 43..3621 380 44..7512 *162 55..4235 *'95 66..5612 191
2257 NMeiwsso Juerris. e-y... .. .. .. .. ~. . .. ... .. .. .. .~ . .. .-- ...- ~. . .. ... .. .. .. .. .. -. -. -. .- . ... s74&. 4133 2132 l19a.1725 22a7 aa8 388 1159 33..3214 2149 22..1184 1121 43.. 6180 2'87 55.: 2137 2298 55..5919 2132 67..4068 282
332319 NONoherwioth Y.. Co..ra.. r...o. l..ln.. .. a.. ... _.. .. _.. _.._. ._.. __ ._._. _...__.._ .._. . _.... ._. .... _... ... .... . _. ._.._.._.. _._.... _. .97B_22o... 725 162 21887 211905...937872 321118 ' 797...948361 211910 231...049708 21614 221...037098 2951 333...489945 22453 445... 853128 3*1616 665...022779 32741 766...737196 211964
35 Oregon.. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ~ ... . . . . .. .. ~ ... . . . 62.04 1 10.46 1 5.65 *1 2.62 8 2.53 32 4.71 37 4.56 9 ' 6.28 32 6.78 17
37 Pennsylvania.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ ..~ ... . 96.94 34 20.18 29 8.98 21 3.15 18 2.21 17 3.70 12 5.14 27 6.10 25 7.31 27
39 South Carolina.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74. S5 13 20.30 30 9.33 27 a. 16 2 1.90 3 3 69 11 6.88 38 5.68 18 7.15 24
41 Tennessee.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . 63.35 3 16.69 15 8.37 14 2.40 4 1.87 2 3.83 116 4.90 18 5.45 11 6.23 5
444357 UVWitraagshhin.i.ni -ag..-.t o..-.n . ..... ... ... ... ... ... ~.. .. ... .... .i. ~. .. .... .... ... ... ~.. .~. .. ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 767338.. 180182 11250 111152..019667 1352 66a.. 07s35i 1538 222...782472 1931 222...704900 32468 434...647107 331244 565...370174 233540 576...625814 331374 966... 790310 321158
49 Wlseonsi n... .. . . . . . - -.- .. - ~-... . . . . . . - .. . . . . - 7a5i -17 11.18 4 -6.28 -4 -2. Ea -i -2.05 -'5 -3.62 -9 -3.93 -1 4.75 -1 5.84 -2
51 Aggregate 8 .. . . . . . C. I. T.IE_S. ._. . . _. ~ .... . . . . _ ... . . 95.24 31 22.05 34 10.77 34 3.94 37 2.38 27 3.88 c19 5.11 25 5.96 21 7.40 30
63 Baltimore. . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103.42 37 21.85 36 11.71 39 3.43 28 2.19 13 2.95 1 4.75 14 6.10 25 7.43 32
55 Boston.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ _. _.. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . loa 69 40 23.18 38 9.90 30 4.29 38 2.40 28 3.38 4 4.76 15 6.15 27 7.90 34
57 Buffalo .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : .. . . . 116.88 42 p1.m 33 13.03 43 5.00 42 3.03 38 3.98 25 4.92 19 6.25 30 7.33 28
59 Chicago. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.44 35 23.99 *40 11.29 36 3.81 34 2.28 24 3.79 15 4.56 10 5.22 3 6. 64 12
61 -Cleveland.. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 93.19 26 19.05 24 10.13 32 3.79 33 2: 33 26 3.86 18 4.25 4 5.43 *9 7.25 25
63 .Detroit. __. ... . __.. _. ___.._ _ __ . .. . .. _ _.__. .1 08. I I' 38 22.49 36 12.05 40 4.79 40 2.55 33 4.64 36 4.52 *I3 5.23 4 6.37 7
6657 NLeows A Onrgleelaens s.. .. .. . . . ._ . _. _. _. .. .. .. .. _ . _. _. . . _. .. . . . _. . . _ ._.. _. _. . . _. .. _77.47 .. 4O5S '.114 1174..5861 197 9a. 1271 1262 33..8249 3235 33..2407 4430 44..8867 3490 55..4789 3362 77..1442 3359 181..4236 3472
69 New York, N. T.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ .. 89.45 25 23.07 37 10.55 33 3.65 31 2.24 20 3.83 116 5.49 33 6. 21 29 7.41 31
71 Philadelphia . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 95.24 31 21.27 32 10.92 35 3.65 31 2.25 21 3.53 6 4.83 17 5.62 15 7.11 23
73 Pittsburgh.. . .. . . _. _~ __~. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~_ _ . 120.79 43 27.45 43 12.70 42 4.89 41 2.61 34 4.54 33 7. OB 40 7.59 40 9.93 41
75 St. Louis .._.. . . . _._._ . __._. . ... _ __._ . 83.57 20 17.17 16 10.07 31 5. 61 45 2.25 21 3.63 10 4.48 5 5.39 8 6.68 13
77 San Francisco.. .. . . ~ ..~ ..~ ... . . . . . . . . . . - .. . . 69.70 7 13.14 7 7.48 8 3.55 29 3.06 39 4.63 35 6.12 39 7.06 34 9.58 39
79 Washington, DN. CE.G. .R. . O. ~ E.S.~ . ~.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 78.33 --16 13.31 8 --7.30 -7457 --4.29 --38 --2.41 --30 --4.09 --27 --5.13 --26 --7. 14 --35 --7.28 --26
81 States with less than 4 pcr cent Negroes'. .. . 141.69 44 45.89 44 20.14 5.58 44 4.79 44 11. 63 45 13.14 46 11.79 45 13.30 44
83 States with more than 5 pcr cent Negroess.. 109.19 41 26.21 42 11.70 38 3.41 27 3.28 42 8.28 43 12.24 44 12.47 46 14.32 46
85 Largecities0 ................................. 154.40 46 49.83 46 23.47 46 5.72 46 5.59 46 11.71 46 11.99 43 11.34 42 14.10 45
87 Original registration states'. - ~... . . . . . ~ .- .. 144.85 45 46.91 45 is 25 44 5.44 43 4.92 45 10. 88 44 13.04 45 11.73 44 13.13 43
Original registratiHonA stWateAd,I I19. 09-1Dt I.. .. . . ~. . . . 219.96 -- -66.82- __ _--3.2. 14 --.. --6. 23 --... --6.68 --._ --Q. 76 -- --12. 47 .--.. --12. 82 -- ~- lG. 2.9 --._
89 Hawaii (all races combined).. ~... . . . . . - .. . . . 108.20 39 23.81 39 12.16 41 3.93 36 3.23 41 7.00 42 9.52 42 11.43 43 9.65 40
91 Japanesein llamaii.. . -.- -.. . . . . . . . . - .... . . . 89.10 24 23.91) *40 11.69 37 3.26 20 2.96 37 6. 39 41 a 34 41 8.85 41 8.03 35
Japanese in Japan, 1908~ -1915.. .. . . . . . . . . - .. . 160. KO 46.10 _... PS. 67 .. 4-4 9 3. 12 .. 6.82 .._ 9. I1 ... 8.07 ... 7.74 ..
- - - - - - - - - - - -
* Two or more ronkings the sanle.
I Statistics for tho aggregate tablcs aro a compilation of those for the Ncw England statcs, Now York, New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland, District of Coln~nbia,
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indisna, Illinois, Michigan, \Viconsin, blinnelootn, biissouri, kansas, Utah, California, Oregon,
and Washington.
2 Thn, original registration states iuclude New England states, New York, New Jersey, District of Columbia, Indiana,a nd Michigan.
8 The 14 cities included in aggregate white in cities are those shown in the tabla
(12)