Unilateral Denunciation of Treaty Because of Prior Violations of Obligations by Other Party

248 Pages·1966·6.211 MB·English

by  Bhek Pati Sinha (auth.)

UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION OF TREATY
UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION OF TREATY
BECAUSE OF PRIOR VIOLATIONS OF
OBLIGATIONS BY OTHER PARTY
BHEK PATI SINHA
Indiana State University
With a foreword by
OLIVER J. LISSITZYN
Columbia University
•
MARTINUS NI]HOFF I THE HAGUE 11966
ISBN 978-94-011-8745-9 ISBN 978-94-011-9600-0 (e8ook)
DOl 10.10071978-94-011-9600-0
Copyright I966 by Martinus Nijholl, The Hague Netherlands
All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to
reproduce this book or parts there 01 in any lorm
To Kerstin
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Cases XI
Abbreviations XIII
Foreword XV
Preface XIX
I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
II. JURISTS AND UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION 5
Introduction. 5
Zouche 8
Wolff. 9
Grotius 9
Vattel. 9
Wildman 9
Rivier. 10
Halleck. II
Kent .. II
F. von Martens. II
Calvo. 12
Bonfils . 12
Bello .. 12
Cavaglieri 13
Guggenheim 13
Ross .. . 14
Liszt .. . 14
Bluntschli . 14
Sauer ... 15
Spiropoulos 15
Schwarzenberger 15
Fauchille 15
Rousseau 16
Anzilotti 17
Verdross. 17
Fenwick. 18
Dupuis . 18
Axell Moller 19
VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS
Fiore .. 19
Wheaton 20
Moore .. 20
Pitt Cobbett . 20
Hall 20
Crandall .. 21
Oppenheim 21
Hyde. 22
Brierly .. 23
McNair .. 23
Fitzmaurice 24
Korovin. . 26
The Harvard Research in International Law . 26
The American Law Institute. . . . . . . . 27
The United Nations International Law Commission. 29
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
III. JUDGES AND UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION 35
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The Tacna Arica Case. . . . . . . . . . . 37
The Diversion of Water from the Meuse Case. 38
Ware v. Hylton . . . . . . 40
In re Thomas . . . . . . . 42
Hooper v. The United States. 44
The Chinese Exclusion Case 45
Terlinden v. Ames . . . . . 47
Charlton v. Kelly. . . . . . 48
The Blonde and Other Ships Case. 50
In re Lepeschkin. . . . . . . . 52
Attorney-General of the Court of Appeal of Brussels v. Aron . 53
In re Totarko . . . . . . . . . . 53
Security for Costs (Switzerland) Case 54
Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . 55
IV. PRIVATE LAW ANALOGY AND UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION. 58
Introduction. 58
French Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
German Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Other Continental and Latin American Legal Systems. 65
English Law . 65
American Law 67
Indian Law 70
Soviet Law . 71
IslaInic Law . 72
Japanese Law 72
Chinese Law . 73
Conclusion. . 74
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
V. RELATED PROBLEMS. . . . . . . . . . . 77
Pacta Sunt Servanda and Unilateral Denunciation 77
Unilateral Denunciation and Unanimity Rule . . 79
The Rule of Extinctive Prescription and Unilateral Denunciation. 81
A Violated Treaty - Void or Voidable? . . 83
The Limitation of Substantial Breach. . . . . . 84
The Principle of Severability of Provisions. . . . 88
Unilateral Denunciation and Law-Making Treaty. 91
The Concept of the Rule of Law and Unilateral Denunciation. 96
The Sanction of What is Proper and Public Opinion . . . 99
VI. PRACTICE OF STATES AND UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION 104
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
The Anglo-American Treaty of Peace of 3 September 1783 105
The Franco-American Treaties, 1778-1790. . . . . . . 106
The Ancient Anglo-Spanish Treaties . . . . . . . . . 109
Convention between Great Britain, the Netherlands and Russia,
19 May 1815. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1I0
The Russo-British Convention of 16 November 1831 III
The Declaration of Paris of 1856 . . . . . . . . . 1I5
The Anglo-Transval Boers Agreement of 1852 . . . 1I6
The Treaty of lIth May 1867 on the Neutrality of Luxemburg. 117
The Treaty of London of 1839 on the Neutrality of Belgium. . 1I9
The Treaty of Paris of 1856 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
The Anglo-Uruguayan Postal Agreement of 28 November 1853 . 124
The Anglo-Honduran Agreement of 27 August 1856. . . . . 124
The Proposed Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 1876. 125
The Anglo-American Treaty of Extradition of 9 August 1842 125
The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 19 April 1850. . . . . . . . 125
The Sino-American Treaties, 1844-1880 . . . . . . . . . . 129
Reciprocal Trade Agreements between the U.S.A. and Other States 130
The Italo-American Extradition Conventions of 8 February 1864 &
1884 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 132
The Russo-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1832 . 133
The Fifth Treaty of the Triple Alliance, 5 December 1912. . .. 134
The Prusso-American Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, 1828 138
The Japanese-American Agreement of 1907-08. . . . . . .. 139
Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice. . .. 140
Treaty for the Renunciation of War (Briand-Kellog Pact), 1928 . 141
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights between Ger-
many and the United States, 8 December 1923 143
The Versailles Treaty, 28 January 1919 144
The Locarno Treaty, 16 October 1925. . . . . 149
The Anglo-Guatemalan Treaty of 1859. . . . . 154
The International Load Line Convention, 5 July 1930 159
The Munich Agreement, 29 September 1938 159
The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty, February 1948 162
Yugoslav-Albanian Treaties . . . . . . . 163
x TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of 24 July 1947. . . . . . 166
The Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, II April 1945. . 167
The Polish-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 18 March 1946 . 168
The Hungaro-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 8 December 1947 168
Bulgar-Yugoslav Treaties . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
The Czechoslovak-Yugoslavian Treaty of 9 May 1946. . . . 170
Albano-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship, 9 July 1946. . . . . 170
The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, 12 August
1936 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
The Anglo-Egyptian Conventions of 1899 on the Sudan. 171
The Italian Peace Treaty, 10 February 1947. . 175
The Sino-Soviet Treaty of 24 August 1945. . . 178
The Soviet-British Treaty of Alliance of 1942 and the Franco-
Soviet Treaty of Alliance of 1944. . . . . . 179
The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty on the Suez Canal Base, 1954. . . . 183
The Quadripartite Agreements of 1944 and 1945 on Berlin. . . . 184
Agreement Relative to the Withdrawal of Offensive Weapons from
Cuba, October 1962. . . . . . . . 188
Treaty on a Partial Test Ban, July 1963 191
Conclusion. . . . . . . 192
VII. DISCUSSIONS RELATIVE TO UNILATERAL DENUNCIATION IN
INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND CONFERENCES 194
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
The Danube Convention and Conference .. 194
The Palestine Armistice Agreements, 1949 . 197
The Korean Armistice Agreement of 1953 199
Conclusion. . 204
VIII. CONCLUSIONS 206
Selected Bibliography 216
Index 222
TABLE OF CASES
The sources of the following case materials are fully listed in foot
notes at the appropriate places.
The Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Case. . . . . . . . . . 36
The Arbitral Award Made by the King of Spain. . . . . . 82
Attorney-General of the Court of Appeal of Brussels V. Aron . 53,57
The Blonde & Other Ships Case. 50, 56
Charlton V. Kelly. . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 56
The Chinese Exclusion Case . . . . . . . . 45, 56
The Diversion of Water from the Meuse Case . 38, 55
Faulkner V. Mexico ... 82
Fort Payne Co. Webster. 69, 70
The Free Zones Case 36, 89
Freeth V. Burr .. 66
Fossume V. Requa . 69
Grisbadarne . . . . 82
Hooper V. The United States. 44, 56, r07, r08
Honck V. Muller ..... 66
Italy (Gentini) V. Venezuela 82
In re Lepeschkin 52,57
The Lotus Case. . . . . . 5
The Maria ....... . 5
Mersey Steel & Iron Co. Maylor. 66
Millar's Karry Co. Weddel . . . 67
Naulilaa. . . . . . . . . . . 85
National Contracting Co. V. Ulconite Co. 70
Nolan V. Whitney ..... . 69
Paquet a Havana ...... . 5
The Phosphates of Morroco case 36
XII TABLE OF CASES
Poussard V. Spiers & Pond. 66
Pust V. Dowie . . . . . . 67
Sarropoulos V. Bulgaria . . 82
Security for Costs (Switzerland) Case 54, 56
The Tacna-Arica Case. . 37,56
Temple of Preach Vihear . 82
Terlinden V. Ames 47, 56
In re Thomas. . . 42, 56
The Trangmar Case 59, 60
In re Totarko. . . 53,57
U.S.-Venezuelan Arbitration M.C.C. (I903): Turnbull/Manoa Co.
Ltd/Orinoco . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Wallis Son & Wells V. Pratt & Haynes . 66
Ware V. Hylton . . . . . . . . . . . 40,56
West Rand Central Gold Mining Co. V. R. 5, lOS
The Wimbledon Case . . . . . . . . . 89