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UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern PDF

372 Pages·2011·2.1 MB·English
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UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern UNHCR Headquarters Case Postale 2500 CH – 1211 Genève 2 Dépôt Switzerland Acknowledgements This UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern is the product of the collaborative initiative of UNHCR staff worldwide led by the Division of Emergency, Security and Supply, in cooperation with the Division of International Protection. The Division of Emergency, Security and Supply particularly wishes to thank the many colleagues in the Field and at Headquarters who contributed to the process of drafting of this First Edition of the Manual by providing concrete inputs, based on their rich experience in addressing security threats to persons of concern. First Edition, November 2011 © United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, November 2011 This document is issued by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees for general distribution. All rights are reserved. Reproductions are authorised without the prior permission of UNHCR, provided that all parts are distributed free of charge and UNHCR is acknowledged. Please address any comments, feedback and any requests for additional copies of the UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern to: Field Safety Section, Division of Emergency, Security and Supply UNHCR Headquarters Case Postale 2500 CH-1211 Geneve 2 Dépôt Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 739 8628 Fax: + 41 22 739 73 04 Email: UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern Geneva First Edition, November 2011 Foreword Working in close partnership with States and other actors to ensure the safety and security of the people we serve is a key protection function. I am therefore pleased to introduce this first edition of the Manual on Security of Persons of Concern. In 2009, UNHCR carried out a comprehensive review of the organization’s approach to the safety and security of staff, operations and persons of concern, including an examination of security preparedness. That same year, the first UNHCR security audit recommended a review of existing policies and procedures. It encouraged the development of tools to help protection and security staff work together to identify and prevent security risks. In response, I announced the UNHCR Security Management Plan of Action and Strategy for Implementation: a series of measures to enhance security management throughout the organization. This Manual is a critical component of this strategy. Over the past sixty years, UNHCR staff and partners have worked on a daily basis to address threats to the safety and security of people of concern. We do so often under very challenging circumstances, both in times of peace and during situations of armed conflict. This Manual draws on this extensive experience and serves as a practical guide for UNHCR staff, as well as national and international partners and other humanitarian actors. It offers a menu of options for action which can reduce the occurrence and mitigate the effects of common security risks. We hope it will be used as a living document, to complement existing references and guidelines and to reinforce a multidisciplinary approach to resolving security problems. The first edition of this Manual will be rolled out to UNHCR operations worldwide in 2011. It will periodically be revised, enriched, and expanded, based on the feedback received from staff and partners. UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern iii With the continued commitment of all concerned actors to working in partnership, I am confident that we can attain the goal of enhancing the physical security of persons of concern to UNHCR. António Guterres United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees November 2011 iv UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern Table of Contents Foreword iii Acronyms and Abbreviations 3 Introduction 7 Introduction 9 Problem and Cause Analysis 12 Part One: Threats 17 1.1 Persons of Concern Engaged in Gang Violence 19 1.2 Protests, Demonstrations and Group Disturbances 25 1.3 Tension and Conflict between Groups of Persons of Concern 33 1.4 Tension and Conflict between Persons of Concern and Host Communities 39 1.5 Banditry 47 1.6 Kidnapping, Abduction, Disappearance and Hostage Taking 51 1.7 Physical Attacks on Camps and Settlements 57 1.8 Physical Attacks on Persons of Concern 65 1.9 Presence of Combatants and Armed Elements among Persons of Concern 73 1.10 Abuse of Power by Persons of Concern 83 1.11 Abuse of Power, including Corruption and Exploitation, by Humanitarian and Peacekeeping Actors 89 1.12 Abuse of Power, including Harassment and Corruption (not committed by Persons of Concern or Humanitarian and Peacekeeping Actors) 99 1.13 Verbal Harassment and Spread of Rumours 109 1.14 Domestic Violence 117 1.15 Exploitation 127 1.16 Human Trafficking and Smuggling 133 1.17 Self-harm 147 1.18 Sexual Violence and Harmful Traditional Practices 155 1.19 Unlawful Killings 165 1.20 Detention 175 1.21 Refoulement and Arbitrary Expulsion 183 UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern 1 1.22 Improvised Explosive Devices and Crossfire 195 1.23 Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance 201 Part Two: Responses 209 2.1 Access to Essential Services and Basic Needs 211 2.2 Site Selection and Planning 219 2.3 Access to Primary Health Care and Counselling 225 2.4 Access to Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Programmes 231 2.5 Enhance the Capacity of National Institutions and NGOs 237 2.6 Access to Justice 245 2.7 Referral Mechanisms and Standard Operating Procedures as a Response to Security Threats 253 2.8 Adherence to International Norms and Standards in Law and Practice 259 2.9 Promote the Use of the Code of Conduct 267 2.10 Security Sector Reform (SSR) and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) Programmes 271 2.11 Training on Human Rights, Refugee and International Humanitarian Law 277 2.12 Screening Points and Reception Centres 285 2.13 Efficient Status Determination Procedures 291 2.14 Ensure Registration and Documentation 299 2.15 Resettlement 309 2.16 Livelihoods 317 2.17 Local Integration 323 2.18 Community Awareness and Mass Information Campaigns 329 2.19 Coexistence Measures 335 2.20 Deployment of Security Personnel in Assistance to UNHCR Operations 343 2.21 Presence and Effectiveness of Police in Camps, Centres and Settlements 349 2.22 Internal Relocation and Safe Houses 355 Further References 363 2 UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern Acronyms and Abbreviations AGD Age, Gender and Diversity AGDM Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming AFSA Associate Field Safety Adviser AHC(P) Assistant High Commissioner (Protection) BBIED Body Borne Improvised Explosive Device BID Best Interests Determination CAT Convention against Torture CBOs Community-Based Organizations CEDAW Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CSOs Civil Society Organizations DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration DFS Department of Field Support DIP Division of International Protection DPKO Department of Peacekeeping Operations DSA Daily Subsistence Allowance ECHR European Convention on Human Rights ETF Emergency Transit Facilities EU European Union EUFOR European Union Force FGM Female Genital Mutilation FSA Field Safety Adviser FSCO Field Security Coordinating Officer FSS Field Safety Section GIS Geographical Information Systems HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIVIS HIV Information System HQ Headquarters HRIT Heightened Risk Identification Tool UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern 3 ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ID Identity Document IDF Indirect Fire IDP Internally Displaced Persons IEDs Improvised Explosive Devices IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IGO Inspector General’s Office IGOs Intergovernmental Organizations IHL International Humanitarian Law ILO International Labour Organization IMAS International Mine Action Standards INGO International Non-Governmental Organization IOM International Organization for Migration IP Implementing Partner IT Information Technology ITC Information Technology and Communications KADH Kidnapping, Abduction, Disappearance and Hostage Taking LGBTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex LOU Letter of Understanding MAIED Magnetically Attached Improvised Explosive Device MFT Multifunctional Team MOI Ministry of Interior MOU Memorandum of Understanding MPs Members of Parliament NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NFI Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN) OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PBIED Person Borne Improvised Explosive Device 4 UNHCR Manual on Security of Persons of Concern

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