. w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p ap Unexpected Alliances r o . S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e Unexpected Alliances l b a c i l p p a or independent filmmakers, . S U. the state, and the film r e nd industry in postauthoritarian u d te south kor ea t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m Young-a Park o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt ghgh stanford university press ii rr y opll stanford, california CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h is Stanford University Press l b pu Stanford, California e h t © 2015 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. m ro All rights reserved. f n io No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any s is means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any m r pe information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of ut Stanford University Press. o h t wi Printed in the United States of America on acid-free, archival-quality paper m r fo Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data y n a Park, Young-a, author. n i Unexpected alliances : independent filmmakers, the state, and the film industry in .d se esuc post-authoritarian South Korea / Young-a Park. rd Pro pages cm yp te ir Includes bibliographical references and index. s re ve b ISBN 978-0-8047-8361-3 (cloth : alk. paper) it Unno 1. Independent films—Political aspects—Korea (South) 2. Independent dy orMa filmmakers—Korea (South) 3. Motion picture industry—Korea (South) 4. Politics f and. and culture—Korea (South) I. Title. te Srv PN1993.5.K6P37 2014 .e 4s 01re 791.43095195—dc23 2 t ts 2014011924 hh gg ii rr y opll ISBN 978-0-8047-9347-6 (electronic) CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p p a r o . For my parents, Yong-tae Park and Kyung-ja Lee S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c Contents e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u ed Acknowledgments ix t t i rm Note to Readers xiii e p es Acronyms xv s u r i a f t p e c Introduction 1 x e r, 1. Film Activism: Cinema as Politics 25 e h s li 2. Independent Film: Cultural Production under b u p Postauthoritarian Conditions 48 e h t m 3. Beating Titanic: Independent Filmmakers at the Helm o r f of Cultural Nationalism 77 n o i s 4. Transforming Activist Culture: Women Filmmakers s i rm and New Filmic Spaces 108 e p ut 5. Film Festival Fever: The Circulation of Independent Films 137 o h t wi Epilogue: New Cultural Spaces, New Sensibilities 163 m r o f y n a n i .d Notes 171 se sc eu rd Bibliography 181 Po r yp te ir Selected Filmography 193 s re eb ivt Index 195 no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u d e t t i m r e p s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i .d se sc eu rd Po r yp te ir s re eb v it no Un dy ra oM f n. ad te Sv r .e 4s 1e 0r 2 s tt hh gg ii rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost . w a l t h g i r y p o c Acknowledgments e l b a c i l p p a r o . S . U r e d n u d te Throughout my research and writing, I have been indebted to many t i rm individuals and organizations—some of whose names have been kept e p s confidential—for their kindness and generosity. Special thanks go to e s u r Kim Dong-won, Kim Jin-yeol, Nam In-young, Nam Jong-sŏk, and Yi i a f Ju-hun for accepting me into their work and lives. I cherish the long- t p ce lasting friendships that were formed during my fieldwork. x e r, Major portions of this book are based on research I conducted when e h is I was a graduate student at Harvard University. I am hugely indebted to l b pu Professors Steve Caton, Ted Bestor, and Kay Warren for their guidance. e h t Steve has been a great intellectual inspiration for me for many years. I m o fr thank him for reading my draft while he was in Yemen during his sab- n io batical year. His insightful comments really pushed me to tie up many of s s i m the analytical loose threads during the last stage of my writing. Ted was r e p t a great supporter and a generous advisor who genuinely cared about my u o th overall well-being. Kay was a steady anchor for this project from its very i w m inception. I thank her for exemplifying the intellectual passion for engag- r o f y ing larger social and political issues. Michael Herzfeld, James (Woody) n a n Watson, and Rubie Watson deserve special thanks for their support and i s.ed generosity throughout my years in graduate school and beyond. sc eu rd Pro I would like to express my sincere appreciation of my peers in the yp te si r Anthropology Department at Harvard: Tahmima Anam, Manduhai re eb ivt Buyandelgeriyn, Aykan Erdemir, Nicole Newendorp, Ilay Ors Romain, no Un dy Wen-Ching Sung, and Michelle Tisdel. They provided great friendship ra oM f and. and support during the ups and downs of conducting research and writ- te Sv . er ing. The broader Harvard graduate student community in Cambridge 4s 1e 0r 2 played a crucial part in my graduate student years. I especially cherish s tt hh igig the friendship and moral support of Randall and Atsuko Short. rr y pl ol CA EBSCO Publishing : eBook Comprehensive Academic Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 12/25/2019 8:26 AM via COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - MAIN AN: 831545 ; Park, Young-a.; Unexpected Alliances : Independent Filmmakers, the State, and the Film Industry in Postauthoritarian South Korea Account: s2953473.main.ehost