Underwater Archaeology of a Pacific Battlefield: The WWII Battle of Saipan PDF
Preview Underwater Archaeology of a Pacific Battlefield: The WWII Battle of Saipan
SPRINGER BRIEFS IN ARCHAEOLOGY UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY Jennifer F. McKinnon Toni L. Carrell Editors Underwater Archaeology of a Pacifi c Battlefi eld The WWII Battle of Saipan SpringerBriefs in Archaeology Underwater Archaeology Series Editor: Annalies Corbin More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/13636 Jennifer F. McKinnon • Toni L. Carrell Editors Underwater Archaeology of a Pacifi c Battlefi eld The WWII Battle of Saipan Editors Jennifer F. McKinnon Toni L. Carrell Department of History Ships of Exploration and Discovery Program in Maritime Studies Research Inc. East Carolina University Santa Fe , NM , USA Greenville, NC , USA Department of Archaeology Flinders University Bedford Park, SA, Australia Ships of Exploration and Discovery Research Inc. Santa Fe, NM, USA ISSN 1861-6623 ISSN 2192-4910 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Archaeology ISBN 978-3-319-16678-0 ISBN 978-3-319-16679-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16679-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015937619 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2015 T his work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper S pringer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword The Pacifi c region covers about one-third of the total surface area of the Earth and comprises over 1,000 islands and atolls. The Pacifi c Ocean’s long history of human settlements and interactions with other regions endows it with a wealth of Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH), ranging from submerged human settlements, venerated sites, shipwrecks, and indigenous aquaculture infrastructure such as fi sh weirs to World War II-related shipwrecks and aircrafts. This extremely rich submerged heri- tage represents great potential for scientifi c research, education, and sustainable development for the Pacifi c region. I n the twentieth century, the Pacifi c was among the major theaters of World War II. The Battle of Saipan, fought from June 15 to July 9, 1944, is especially known for its intensity, claiming numerous lives, including those of civilians and indige- nous peoples. Since then, Saipan has undergone a great deal of change. What was once a battleground is now a popular travel destination with hotels and other tourist infrastructure. T his publication is a result of a project on an archaeological survey off the coast of Saipan on submerged and coastal cultural heritage relating to World War II. The publication compiles papers written by leading UCH experts who took part in the project from diverse perspectives, including maritime archaeology, marine biol- ogy, education, and public outreach. This book provides invaluable information for the monitoring and preservation of UCH sites, which will assist in developing a long-t erm management plan that also addresses the ethical issues of preserving UCH sites that are still part of the living memory of families and communities affected by World War II. In 2001, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage that establishes a protection regime for UCH. Its Preamble acknowledges “the importance of UCH as an integral part of the cultural heritage of humanity and a particularly important element in the history of peoples, nations and their relations with each other concerning their common heritage.” In its v vi Foreword Annex, it also provides the important principle of preferencing in situ preservation, as well as practical rules for the UCH treatment and research, based on internationally recognized best practices. T his publication supports many of the principles promoted by the Convention. Congratulating the excellent work done by the project team, I would like to recom- mend this publication as an invaluable resource for not only scholars but also the general public. UNESCO Offi ce for the Pacifi c States Etienne Clement 10 September 2014 Apia, Solomon Islands Contents 1 Underwater Archaeology of a WWII Battlefield ................................. 1 Jennifer F. McKinnon 2 A Historical Overview of the Battle for Saipan .................................... 15 Genevieve Cabrera 3 Archaeological Survey of WWII Landing Beaches on the West Coast of Saipan ................................................................... 27 Jason M. Burns and Michael C. Krivor 4 The Archaeological Survey of WWII Underwater Cultural Heritage: A Multiagency, Collaborative Approach ............. 39 Jason T. Raupp , Jennifer F. McKinnon , Peter Harvey , and John San Nicolas 5 In the Drink: Sunken Aircraft of the Battle of Saipan ........................ 49 Samantha Bell 6 Whatever Works: Amphibious Tractors and Field Expedient Armor Modifications ............................................................ 63 W. Shawn Arnold 7 Landing at Saipan: The Three M4 Sherman Tanks That Never Reached the Beach .............................................................. 73 Matthew Hanks 8 Between Land and Sea: Surveying the Shoreline ................................ 85 C. Rachel Katz 9 On-Site Conservation Surveys ............................................................... 97 Vicki Richards and Jonathan Carpenter vii viii Contents 10 Fish Habitat Provided by Saipan’s WWII Submerged Heritage ............................................................................... 117 Ashley M. Fowler and David J. Booth 11 Captured in Color: The Making of an Interpretive Film .................... 135 Toni L. Carrell 12 “They Drank Their Own Tears”: Archaeology of Conflict Sites ........ 147 Jennifer F. McKinnon Index ................................................................................................................. 157 Contributors W. Shawn Arnold Department of Archaeology , Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia Naval Facilities Marianas , Yigo , Guam , USA Samantha Bell Department of Archaeology , Flinders University , Bedford Park , SA , Australia David J. Booth F ish Ecology Laboratory, S chool of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia Jason M. Burns SEARCH , Pensacola , FL, USA Genevieve Cabrera S hips of Exploration and Discovery Research, Inc., S anta Fe, NM , USA Jonathan Carpenter Western Australia Museum , Fremantle , WA , Australia Toni L. Carrell Ships of Exploration and Discovery Research, Inc. , Santa Fe , NM , USA Ashley M. Fowler F ish Ecology Laboratory, S chool of Life Sciences, University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW , Australia Matthew Hanks Department of Archaeology , Flinders University , Bedford Park , SA , Australia Peter Harvey Maritime Heritage Unit , Heritage Victoria , Melbourne , VIC , Australia C. Rachel Katz Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA Michael C. Krivor SEARCH , Pensacola , FL , USA ix
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