Understanding Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction (Novartis Foundation Symposia)

285 Pages·2006·1.87 MB·English

by  Novartis Foundation

Novartis Foundation Symposium 275
UNDERSTANDING
NICOTINE AND
TOBACCO
ADDICTION
2006

UNDERSTANDING
NICOTINE AND
TOBACCO ADDICTION
Copyright © Novartis Foundation 2006
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Novartis Foundation Symposium 275
viii +276 pages,27 figures,11 tables
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Novartis Foundation Symposium 275
UNDERSTANDING
NICOTINE AND
TOBACCO
ADDICTION
2006
Contents
Symposium on Understanding nicotine and tobacco addiction, held at the Novartis Foundation,
London, 17–19 May 2005
Editors: Gregory Bock (Organizer) and Jamie Goode
This symposium is based on a proposal made by Robert West and Gino van Heeke
William A.Corrigall Chair’s introduction 1
Richard Petoand Richard Doll The hazards of smoking and the benefits of
stopping 3
Discussion 15
Ian Stolerman Animal models for nicotine dependence 17
Discussion 28
Robert West Defining and assessing nicotine dependence in humans 36
Discussion 52
General discussion I 59
Uwe Maskos,Sylvie Granon,Philippe Faureand Jean-Pierre Changeux
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor functions in the CNS investigated with a novel
method of stereotaxic gene re-expression in knockout mice 64
Discussion 79
Marina R.Picciotto Nicotine-mediated activation of signal transduction
pathways 83
Discussion 90
David Balfour Complementary roles for the accumbal shell and core in
nicotine dependence 96
Discussion 105
v
vi CONTENTS
Christian Heidbreder The dopamine D system:new opportunities for
3
dopamine-based reward 116
Discussion 123
Athina Markou Pathways and systems involved in nicotine
dependence 132
Discussion 145
Arthur L.Brody Localizing tobacco dependence pathways with functional
brain imaging 153
Discussion 166
Caryn Lerman Pharmacogenetic approach to nicotine dependence
treatment 171
Discussion 178
Robert Walton Pharmacogenomics and smoking cessation 184
Discussion 194
General discussion II Power in studies 197
Receptor desensitization 199
Peter Hajek What limits the efficacy of current nicotine replacement
therapies? 204
Discussion 213
Saul Shiffman,Stuart Fergusonand Deborah Scharf Exploring
behavioural mechanisms of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking
cessation 219
Discussion 231
Rachel F.Tyndaleand Edward M.Sellers Modifying the metabolism of
nicotine as a therapeutic strategy 235
Discussion 244
William A.Corrigall Challenges in discovery and development of
pharmacotherapies for tobacco addiction 249
Discussion 259
Final discussion Nicotine comorbidity 262
Animal models 264
Index of contributors 266
Subject index 268
Participants
David Balfour Section of Psychiatry, Division of Pathology & Neuroscience,
Ninewells Hospital & Medical School,Dundee DD1 9SY,UK
Daniel Bertrand Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Univer-
sity of Geneva,CH-1211 Geneva 4,Switzerland
Arthur L. Brody UCLA Department of Psychiatry, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza,
Ste 2200,Los Angeles,CA 90095,USA
Lisiane Bizarro (Novartis Foundation Bursar)Instituto de Psicologia,Universidade
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600, RS-90035-003,
Brazil
Anthony Caggiula Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3131
Sennott Square,210 Bouquet Street,Pittsburgh,PA 15260,USA
Jean-Pierre Changeux Receptors and Cognition Laboratory,Institut Pasteur,25
Rue du Dr Roux,F-75724 Paris 15,France
Cristiano Chiamulera Section in Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and
Public Health, University of Verona, P.le L. Scuro, 10, I-37100 Verona,
Italy
Paul B.S.Clarke Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,McGill Uni-
versity, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, Room 1325, Montreal, QC H3G
1Y6,Canada
William A. Corrigall (Chair) Corrigall Consulting, 48 Highland Park Blvd.,
Thornhill, ON L3T 1B3, Canada, and Minneapolis Medical Research Founda-
tion,914 South Eighth Street Minneapolis,MN 55404,USA
Fabrizio Gasparini Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institute for BioMedical
Research Basel,WSJ-386.715,Postfach,CH-4002 Basel,Switzerland
Peter Hajek Tobacco Dependence Research Centre, Barts and The London,
Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, Turner Street, Whitechapel,
London E1 2AD,UK
vii
viii PARTICIPANTS
Christian Heidbreder Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery in Psychiatry,
GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals,I-37135 Verona,Italy
Martin J. Jarvis Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University
College London,Gower Street,London WC1E 6BT,UK
Caryn Lerman Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of
Pennsylvania,3535 Market Street,Suite 4100,Philadelphia,PA 19104,USA
Athina Markou Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, SP2400
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA
92037,USA
Kenneth Perkins WPIC University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh,
PA 15213,USA
Richard Peto Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit,
Radcliffe Infirmary,Oxford OX2 6HE,UK
Marina R.Picciotto Yale University,Department of Psychiatry,34 Park Street,
CMHC 3 Fl,New Haven,CT 06520,USA
Jane Powell Room 309 Whitehead Building, Psychology Department, Gold-
smiths College,University of London,New Cross,SE14 6NW
Saul Shiffman Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Sennott
Square, 3rd Floor, 210 S. Bouquet Street (corner of Forbes), Pittsburgh, PA
15260,USA
Ian Stolerman Section of Behavioural Pharmacology, Institute of Psychiatry
PO49,King’s College London,De Crespigny Park,London SE5 8AF,UK
Rachel F. Tyndale Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of
Pharmacology, Room 4326, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King’s College Circle,
University of Toronto,Toronto,Ontario M5S 1A8,Canada
Gino Van Heeke Novartis Institute for Biochemical Research, Wimblehurst
Road,Horsham,West Sussex RH12 5AB,UK
Robert Walton Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Oxford,
Radcliffe Infirmary,Woodstock Road,Oxford,OX2 6HE,UK
Robert West Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Unit,Department of Epi-
demiology and Public Health, University College London, Brook House, 2–16
Torrington Place,London WC1E 6BT,UK