Understanding Korean Politics : An Introduction

383 Pages·2010·30.304 MB·English

by  Soong Hoom Kil, Chung-in Moon

ISBN 0-7914-4890-8
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UNDERSTANDING
KOREAN
POLITICS
SUNY series in Korean Studies
Sung Bae Park, Editor
UNDERSTANDING
KOREAN
POLITICS
AN INTRODUCTION
EDITED BY
Soong Hoom Kil
and
Chung-in Moon
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS
Published by
State University of New York Press, Albany
© 2001 State University of New York
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner
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For information, address State University of New York Press,
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Production by Diane Ganeles
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Understanding Korean Politics: An Introduction / edited by Soong Room Kil, Chung-in Moon.
p. cm. - (SUNY series in Korean studies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7914-4889-4 (alk. paper) - ISBN 0-7914-4890-8 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Korea (South}-Politics and government. 2. Korea (North}-Politics and government.
I. Soong Room Kit. II. Moon, Chung-in. III. Series
JQl725 .U53 2001
320.95195-dc21
00-033895
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Tables ix
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION: UNDERSTANDING KOREAN POLITICS 1
Soong Hoom Kil and Chung-in Moon
Understanding Korean Politics: Four Legacies 1
Structure of the Book 4
CHAPTER 2. KOREAN POLITICS: SETTING AND POLITICAL CULTURE 9
Woon-Tai Kim
Geopolitical Setting 10
Economic Setting 13
Social Setting 19
Political Culture 24
Conclusion 29
CHAPTER 3. DEVELOPMENT OF KOREAN POLITICS-
A HISTORICAL PROFILE 33
Soong Hoom Kil
American Occupation and the First and Second Republics
(1945-1960) 34
In the Heart of Darkness: Political History of the Third
through Sixth Republics 47
Broken Promises: Politics and Economy under the Kim
Young Sam Government 57
Conclusion: Toward a New Political Horizon 63
v
VI Contents
CHAPTER 4. THE INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF KOREAN
POLITICS 71
David C. Kang
Institutions and Politics 72
Institutional Foundations of Korean Politics 80
Political Implications for Korean Politics 89
Conclusion 98
CHAPTER 5. POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN KOREAN POLITICS 107
Ki-shik S. J. Hahn
The Political Leaders of the First and Second Republics 108
The Political Leaders of the Third and Fourth Republics 117
The Political Leaders of the Fifth and Sixth Republics 124
Conclusion: Evaluating Political Leadership and the
Patterns of Official Recruitment 133
CHAPTER 6. THE POLITICAL PROCESS IN KOREA 141
Jung Bock Lee
Elections in Korea 142
The Political Parties of Korea 154
Students, the Military, Mass Media, and Interest Groups
in Korea 161
Conclusion 170
CHAPTER 7. THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS IN KOREA 175
Dong-suh Bark
History of the Korean Administration: An Overview 175
Democratization of the Administration 181
Functions ofthe Administration 186
Administrative Division of Labor and Resource
Mobilization 192
Enhancing Bureaucratic Performance: Evaluation and
Control 195
Conclusion 197
CHAPTER 8. THE POLITICS OF ECONOMIC RISE AND DECLINE
IN SOUTH KOREA 201
Chung-in Moon and Sunghack Lim
Contending Models of the Political Economy of South
Korea: Market, the State, Networks, and the
International System 202
Contents vii
Historical Trajectory of Economic Transformation: An
Empirical Overview 205
Accounting for the Rise and Decline of the Korean
Economy 213
Conclusion 224
CHAPTER 9. THE FOREIGN AND UNIFICATION POLICIES OF THE
REPUBLIC OF KOREA 231
Byung Chul Koh
Themes in South Korea's Foreign Policy 232
Changes in South Korea's Foreign Policy 244
Continuity and Change in South Korea's Unification Policy 249
The Unification Policy of the Sixth Republic 253
The Unification Policy of the Kim Young Sam Government 258
The "Sunshine" Policy of the Kim Dae Jung Government 262
Conclusion 264
CHAPTER 10. UNDERSTANDING THE NORTH KOREAN POLITICAL
FRAMEWORK 269
Sung Chul Yang
Approaches to the Study of North Korean Politics 269
Common Elements: Promise versus Practice 274
Deviations: Objective Conditions and Subjective Attributes 285
Conclusion 301
Appendices
1. Suggested Reading List 309
2. Map of Korea 319
3. Basic Facts on Korea and the Korean Peninsula 323
4. Korean Constitution 327
5. Government Structure of the Republic of Korea 353
Contributors 357
Index 361