Understanding Human Sexuality

608 Pages·2023·36.014 MB·English

by  Janet Shibley Hyde, John D. DeLamater

This International Student Edition is for use outside of the U.S.
UNDERSTANDING
HUMAN
SEXUALITY
Fifteenth Edition
JANET SHIBLEY HYDE
JOHN D. DELAMATER
Final PDF to printer
Understanding
Human Sexuality
Fifteenth Edition
Janet Shibley Hyde
University of Wisconsin—Madison
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Final PDF to printer
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN SEXUALITY
Published by McGraw Hill LLC, 1325 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10019. Copyright
©2024 by McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of
this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database
or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC, including, but not limited
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Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside
the United States.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LWI 28 27 26 25 24 23
ISBN 978-126-626980-6
MHID 1-266-26980-0
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iii
Author Biography
Janet Shibley Hyde, Professor Emerit of Psychology and and the American Association for the Advancement of
Gender & Women’s Studies at the University of Wiscon- Science. She has received many other honors, including
sin–Madison, received her education at Oberlin College an award for excellence in teaching at Bowling Green State
and the University of California, Berkeley. She has taught University, the Chancellor’s Award for teaching at the
a course in human sexuality since 1974, first at Bowling University of Wisconsin, and the Kinsey Award from the
Green State University, then at Denison University, and Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality for her contri-
now at the University of W isconsin. Her research interests butions to sex research. In 2000–2001 she served as one of
are in gender differences and gender development in ado- the three scientific editors for U.S. Surgeon General David
lescence. Author of the textbook The Psychology of Women Satcher’s report Promoting Sexual Health and Responsi-
and Gender: Half the Human Experience +, she is a past pres- ble Sexual Behavior. In 2019, Dr. Hyde was the inaugural
ident of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality recipient of the Alfred C. Kinsey Award from the Kinsey
and is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association Institute at Indiana University.
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iv
Contents in Brief
CHAPTER 1 Sexuality in Perspective 1
CHAPTER 2 Theoretical Perspectives on Sexuality 24
CHAPTER 3 Sex Research 43
CHAPTER 4 Sexual Anatomy 68
CHAPTER 5 Sex Hormones, Sexual Differentiation, and the
Menstrual Cycle 89
CHAPTER 6 Pregnancy and Childbirth 114
CHAPTER 7 Contraception and Abortion 144
CHAPTER 8 Sexual Arousal 174
CHAPTER 9 Sexuality and the Life Cycle: Childhood and Adolescence 208
CHAPTER 10 Sexuality and the Life Cycle: Adulthood 228
CHAPTER 11 Attraction, Love, and Communication 251
CHAPTER 12 Gender and Sexuality 277
CHAPTER 13 Sexual Orientation: Gay, Straight, or Bi? 300
CHAPTER 14 Variations in Sexual Behavior 326
CHAPTER 15 Sexual Coercion 348
CHAPTER 16 Sex for Sale 370
CHAPTER 17 Sexual Disorders and Sex Therapy 394
CHAPTER 18 Sexually Transmitted Infections 418
CHAPTER 19 Ethics, Religion, and Sexuality 438
CHAPTER 20 Sex and the Law 462
EPILOGUE Looking to the Future: Sexuality Education 486
BIBLIOGRAPHY B-2
GLOSSARY G-2
INDEX I-1
DIRECTORY OF RESOURCES DR-2
McGraw Hill Education Psychology APA
Documentation Style Guide
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v
Contents
Preface xvii Evolutionary Theories 25
Sociobiology • Evolutionary Psychology • 
Gender-Neutral Evolutionary Theory
CHAPTER 1
Psychological Theories 28
Sexuality in Perspective 1
Psychoanalytic Theory • Learning Theory • 
Social Exchange Theory • Cognitive Theories
Sex and Gender 2
A Sexually Diverse World: Learning Theory and Sexual
The History of Understanding Sexuality:
Orientation in a Non-Western Society 34
Religion and Science 3
Religion • Science Critical Theories 36
Feminist Theory • Queer Theory • Critical
The Media 6
Race Theory
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Sexuality 7
Sociological Perspectives 38
Variations in Sexual Techniques • 
Symbolic Interaction Theory • Sexual
Masturbation • Premarital and Extramarital
Scripts • Social Institutions
Sex • Sex with Same-Gender Partners • 
Standards of Attractiveness • Social-Class and Critical Thinking Skill 41
Ethnic-Group Variations in the United States • 
Summary 42
The Significance of Cross-Cultural Studies
Suggestions for Further Reading 42
A Sexually Diverse World: Sexuality in Two Societies 9
A Sexually Diverse World: The Psychology of Racism in
the United States 13
CHAPTER 3
A Sexually Diverse World: Sex in China 16
Sex Research 43
Cross-Species Perspectives on Sexuality 19
Masturbation • Same-Gender Sexual Behavior •  Measuring Sex 44
Sexual Signaling • Human Uniqueness •  Self-Reports • Behavioral Measures • Implicit
The Nonsexual Uses of Sexual Behavior Measures • Biological Measures
The Sexual Health Perspective 21 Milestones in Sex Research: Masters and Johnson: The
Physiology of Sexual Response 46
Critical Thinking Skill 22
Issues in Sex Research 47
Summary 23
Sampling • Accuracy of
Suggestions for Further Reading 23 Measurement • Extraneous Factors • Ethical
Issues
CHAPTER 2 The Major Sex Surveys 52
The Kinsey Report • The NHSLS • The
Theoretical Perspectives on
NSSHB • Sexual Behavior in Britain and
Sexuality 24
Australia • Race/Ethnicity in Research
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vi CONTENTS
Milestones in Sex Research: Alfred C. Kinsey 53 Prenatal Sexual Differentiation 93
Sex Chromosomes • Gonads • Prenatal
Studies of Special Populations 56
Hormones and the Genitals • Descent
Milestones in Sex Research: Diversity Science 57
of the Testes and Ovaries • Brain
Web-Based Surveys 58 Differentiation • Homologous
Organs • Atypical Prenatal Gender
Media Content Analysis 59
Differentiation
Qualitative Methods 60
Milestones in Sex Research: Endocrine Disrupters 95
Experiments 61
Sexual Differentiation during Puberty 99
Meta-Analysis 62 Changes in Girls
Statistical Concepts 63 A Sexually Diverse World: The Debate over the
Average • Variability • Average Treatment of Intersex Individuals 100
versus Normal • Prevalence and Changes in Boys • Changes in Behavior
Frequency • Correlation
The Menstrual Cycle 104
Critical Thinking Skill 65 Biology of the Menstrual Cycle • Menstrual
Problems • Psychological Aspects of the
Critical Thinking Skill 66
Menstrual Cycle • Cycles in Men
Summary 66
Critical Thinking Skill 112
Suggestions for Further Reading 67
Summary 112
Suggestions for Further Reading 113
CHAPTER 4
Sexual Anatomy 68 CHAPTER 6
Pregnancy and Childbirth 114
Sex Organs in Female Bodies 69
External Organs
Conception 115
A Sexually Diverse World: Female Genital Cutting 73 Sperm Meets Egg: The Incredible
Internal Organs • The Breasts Journey • Improving the Chances of Conception:
Making a Baby
Sex Organs in Male Bodies 78
External Organs • Internal Organs Development of the Conceptus 117
The Embryo and Its Support Systems • Fetal
Cancer of the Sex Organs 83
Development
Breast Cancer • Cancer of the Cervix,
Endometrium, and Ovaries • Cancer of the Pregnancy 120
Prostate • Cancer of the Testes The Stages of Pregnancy
First Person: Testicular Examination 86 A Sexually Diverse World: Race and Racism in
Pregnancy and Infant Mortality in the United
Critical Thinking Skill 87
States 123
Summary 88 Sex during Pregnancy • Nutrition during
Pregnancy • Effects of Substances Taken during
Suggestions for Further Reading 88
Pregnancy
Birth 127
The Beginning of Labor • The
CHAPTER 5
Stages of Labor • Cesarean Section
Sex Hormones, Sexual Differentiation, (C-Section) • Childbirth Options
and the Menstrual Cycle 89
After the Baby Is Born: The Postpartum
Period 131
Sex Hormones 90 Physical Changes • Psychological
Sex Hormone Systems in Male Bodies • Sex Changes • Attachment to the Baby • Sex
Hormone Systems in Female Bodies Postpartum
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CONTENTS vii
Breast-Feeding 132 Abortion 166
Biological Mechanisms • Physical and Mental Abortion Procedures • Psychological
Health Aspects • Men and Abortion
Problem Pregnancies 134 A Sexually Diverse World: Abortion in
Ectopic Pregnancy • Pseudocyesis Cross-Cultural Perspective 168
(False Pregnancy) • Pregnancy-Induced
New Advances in Contraception 170
Hypertension • Birth Defects • Rh
Male Methods • Female Methods
Incompatibility • Miscarriage (Spontaneous
Critical Thinking Skill 172
Abortion) • Preterm Birth
Summary 173
Infertility 137
Causes of Infertility • Psychological Aspects of Suggestions for Further Reading 173
Infertility • Treatment of Infertility
Assisted Reproductive Technologies 138
Artificial Insemination • Sperm Banks • Test-
Tube Babies • Embryo Transfer • GIFT and CHAPTER 8
ZIFT • Gender Selection • Prenatal Genetic
Sexual Arousal 174
Diagnosis
Critical Thinking Skill 141 The Sexual Response Cycle 175
Excitement • Orgasm • Resolution • More
Summary 142
on Women’s Orgasms
Suggestions for Further Reading 143
Other Models of Sexual Response 180
Kaplan’s Triphasic Model • The Sexual
Excitation-Inhibition Model • Emotion and
Arousal
CHAPTER 7
First Person: William Masters and Virginia
Contraception and Abortion 144 Johnson 181
Neural and Hormonal Bases of
Hormonal Methods 145
Arousal 184
The Combination Pill • Other Kinds of Pills • 
The Brain, the Spinal Cord, and Sex • Brain
The Patch • The Vaginal Ring • Depo-Provera
Control of Sexual Response • Hormones
Injections (“The Shot”) • Emergency Contraception
and Sex • Sex Offenders—Castration or
First Person: Margaret Sanger—Birth Control Incarceration?
Pioneer 149
A Sexually Diverse World: Sexuality and
LARC 152 Disability 186
Implants
Milestones in Sex Research: Mapping the Sexual
Condoms 153 Brain 189
The Male Condom • The Female Condom
Pheromones 193
Diaphragms, FemCap, and the Sponge 156
Sexual Techniques 194
The Diaphragm • FemCap • The Sponge
Erogenous Zones • One-Person Sex • Two-
Spermicides 158 Person Sex • Aphrodisiacs • Sexual
Satisfaction
Withdrawal 160
First Person: The Protestant Ethic:
Fertility Awareness (Rhythm) Methods 160
Sex as Work 204
Sterilization 162
First Person: A Personal Growth Exercise—Getting to
Male Sterilization • Female Sterilization
Know Your Own Body 205
Psychological Aspects: Attitudes toward
Critical Thinking Skill 206
Contraception 164
Summary 206
Milestones in Sex Research: History of the Development
of Sophisticated Methods of Contraception 165 Suggestions for Further Reading 207
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viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER 9 Nonmonogamous Relationships 237
How Many People Engage in Extramarital
Sexuality and the Life Cycle:
Sex? • Influences on Extramarital
Childhood and Adolescence 208 Sex • Attitudes toward Extramarital
Sex • Internet Infidelity • Equity and
Data Sources 209 Extramarital Sex • Open Nonmonogamous
Infancy and the Preschool Years (Birth to 4 Relationships • Consequences of
Years) 210 Nonmonogamous Relationships
Attachment • Self-Stimulation • Child–Child
Postmarital Sex 242
Encounters • Sexual Knowledge and
Interests • Knowledge about Gender Sex in Later Life 243
Physical Changes in Women • Physical
Childhood (5 to 11 Years) 212
Changes in Men • Attitudes about Sex and the
Masturbation • Heterosexual
Elderly • Sexual Behavior
Behavior • Same-Gender Sexual
A Sexually Diverse World: Culture and
Behavior • Sex Knowledge and Interests • The
Conceptualizations of Late Adulthood 245
Sexualization of Children
Critical Thinking Skill 249
Adolescence (12 to 18 Years) 214
Masturbation • Same-Gender Sexual Summary 249
Behavior • Heterosexual Behavior • Too Early
Suggestions for Further Reading 250
Sex • Romantic Relationships • Internet
Use, Risk, and Sexting • Risky Sex and the
Adolescent Brain
Milestones in Sex Research: The Impact of the Media CHAPTER 11
on Adolescent Sexuality 216
Attraction, Love, and
Milestones in Sex Research: Teen Pregnancy and
Communication 251
Parenthood 221
The College Years 223
Attraction 252
Masturbation • Patterns of Heterosexual
The Girl Next Door • Birds of a Feather • 
Behavior • Casual Sex • Same-Gender Sexual
Physical Attractiveness • The Interpersonal
Behavior
Marketplace • Attraction Online • Explaining
How Sexuality Aids in Development 225 Our Preferences
Critical Thinking Skill 226 Intimacy 256
Defining Intimacy • Intimacy and Self-
Summary 226
Disclosure • Measuring Intimacy
Suggestions for Further Reading 227
Love 258
Triangular Theory of Love • Attachment Theory
of Love • Love Styles
CHAPTER 10
Milestones in Sex Research: Jealousy 261
Sexuality and the Life Cycle:
Passionate and Companionate Love • The
Adulthood 228
Biology of Love • Measuring Love • Two-
Component Theory of Love • Cross-Cultural
Sex and the Single Person 229
Research • The Far Reach of the Internet and
The Never Married • Being Single • Incels
Western Values
Cohabitation 232
Communication 266
Marital Relationships 232 Communication and Relationships • Techniques
Marital Sexuality • Sexual Patterns of Good Communication • Fighting Fair • 
in Marriage • Sex and the Two-Career Checking Out Sexy Signals • Relationship
Family • Cheating Education
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CONTENTS ix
A Sexually Diverse World: Gender Differences in Attitudes • Gays and Lesbians as a
Communication 270 Minority group
First Person: How Solid Is Your Relationship? 273 Life Experiences of LGBs 305
LGB Development • Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual
Critical Thinking Skill 275
Culture and Communities • Gay and Lesbian
Summary 275
Relationships • Lesbian and Gay Families
Suggestions for Further Reading 276
Milestones in Sex Research: The Ethics of Sex
Research: The Tearoom Trade 309
How Many People Are Gay, Straight, or
CHAPTER 12
Bi? 309
Gender and Sexuality 277
Sexual Orientation and Mental Health 311
Sin and the Medical Model • Research
Gender Roles and Stereotypes 278 Evidence • Can Sexual Orientation Be Changed
Gender Roles and Race/Ethnicity • Socialization by Therapy?
Psychological Gender Differences 283 A Sexually Diverse World: Race and the Well-Being of
LGBT People in the United States 312
Gender Differences in Sexuality 283
Masturbation • Attitudes about Casual Why Do People Become Gay or
Sex • Use of Pornography • Arousal to Heterosexual? 314
Erotica • The Orgasm Gap • Sex Drive Biological Theories • Learning Theory • 
Sociological Theory • The Bottom Line
Why the Differences? 286
Are the Differences Bogus? • Biological Differences between Gay Men and
Factors • Cultural Factors • Other Factors Lesbians 317
A Sexually Diverse World: Male Sexuality 288 Sexual Orientation in Multicultural
Perspective 318
Beyond the Young Adults 290
A Sexually Diverse World: Ritualized Homosexuality in
Transgender Issues and Experience 290 Melanesia 319
Diagnosis Issues • The Experiences
Bisexuality 320
of Trans People • Reducing Prejudice
Stereotypes and Prejudice • Bisexual
and Discrimination against Trans
Development • Mostly Heterosexuals • 
People • Transgender Development • Sexuality
Pansexuals • Concluding Reflections
for Trans People • Trans Health and Mental
Health • Social, Medical, and Surgical First Person: Sexual Fluidity and Questioning 321
Transition Processes • Affirmative Psychotherapy
Critical Thinking Skill 323
with Transgender Individuals • What Causes
Summary 324
Gender Variation?
Suggestions for Further Reading 325
Milestones in Sex Research: Measuring Discrimination
against Trans People 293
Critical Thinking Skill 298 CHAPTER 14
Summary 298 Variations in Sexual Behavior 326
Suggestions for Further Reading 299
When Is Sexual Behavior Abnormal? 327
Defining Abnormal • The Normal–Abnormal
Continuum
CHAPTER 13
Fetishism 328
Sexual Orientation: Gay,
Why Do People Develop Fetishes?
Straight, or Bi? 300
First Person: A Case History of a Shoe Fetishist 329
Attitudes toward Gays and Lesbians 301 Cross-Dressing 330
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