Understanding Criminal Investigation (Wiley Series in Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law)

295 Pages·2009·1.43 MB·English

by  Stephen Tong

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Understanding Criminal
Investigation
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Wiley Series in
The Psychology of Crime, Policing and Law
SeriesEditors
GrahamDaviesandRayBull
UniversityofLeicester,UK
The Wiley Series in the Psychologyof Crime, Policing and Law publishes concise and
integrativereviewsonimportantemergingareasofcontemporaryresearch.Thepurpose
oftheseriesisnotmerelytopresentresearchfindingsinaclearandreadableformbut
alsotobringouttheirimplicationsforbothpracticeandpolicy.Inthisway,itishoped
theserieswillnotonlybeusefultopsychologistsbutalsotoallthoseconcernedwith
crimedetectionandprevention,policing,andthejudicialprocess.
Forothertitlesinthisseriespleaseseewww.wiley.com/go/pcpl
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Understanding Criminal
Investigation
Stephen Tong
Robin P. Bryant
Miranda A. H. Horvath
AJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,Publication
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2009
(cid:2)C 2009JohnWiley&SonsLtd
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Tong,Stephen,1972–
Understandingcriminalinvestigation/StephenTong,RobinBryant,
MirandaHorvath.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-72725-6(cloth)–ISBN978-0-470-72726-3(pbk.)
1.Criminalinvestigation. I.Bryant,Robin,Dr. II.Horvath,Miranda. III.Title.
HV8073.T662009
363.25–dc22
2009021000
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Typesetin10/12ptCenturySchoolbookbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
PrintedinSingaporebyFabulousPrintersPte
1 2009
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Contents
ListofFiguresandTables vii
ListofAbbreviations ix
AbouttheAuthors xi
SeriesPreface xiii
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction:ABriefHistoryofCrimeInvestigation 1
StephenTong
2 TheoriesofCriminalInvestigation 13
RobinP.Bryant
3 FormsofReasoningandtheAnalysisofIntelligencein 35
CriminalInvestigation
RobinP.Bryant
4 OffenderProfiling 69
MirandaA.H.Horvath
5 EyewitnessEvidence 93
MirandaA.H.Horvath
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vi Contents
6 InvestigativeInterviewing 115
LynseyGoznaandMirandaA.H.Horvath
7 AssessingPerformance:QuantityorQuality? 135
StephenTong
8 CriminalInvestigationinContext 171
StephenTong,RobinP.BryantandMirandaA.H.Horvath
9 ProfessionalisingInvestigation 197
StephenTong
10 Conclusion:FutureChallengesinCriminalInvestigation 217
StephenTong,RobinP.BryantandMirandaA.H.Horvath
References 223
Index 253
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Figures and Tables
Figures
3.1 Logicalpropositions 44
3.2 Hypothesis-testingandinvestigation 49
3.3 JohnSnow’smapoftheLondoncholeraoutbreak,1854 58
3.4 Numberofviolentcrimesagainstthepersonplotted
againstnumberofchurchesinfourneighbouringcounties 60
5.1 Stagesintheeyewitnessprocess,memoryandvariables
involvedinidentification 96
7.1 TrendsinBCSandpolice-recordedcrime,1981–2005/06 142
7.2 Investigativedecision-making 149
7.3 Crimedetectionrates,1988–2005/06 153
7.4 Exampleofaperformancemonitor 156
7.5 PPAF“domains”ofpolicing 157
8.1 Forensicinvestigation 184
Tables
2.1 Occupationalstandards 26
3.1 Validityofarguments 43
3.2 Flyingbombattacks 54
3.3 Analysisofflyingbombattacks 55
3.4 Analysisofcholeraoutbreak 59
3.5 Numberofviolentcrimesagainstthepersonandnumber
ofchurchesinfourneighbouringcounties 60
3.6 ComparisonofthecitiesofCanterburyandPortsmouth 63
4.1 FBIorganised/disorganisedclassificationscheme 76
6.1 Differencesbetweensuspect,victimandwitnessinterviews 116
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viii ListofFiguresandTables
7.1 Reasonsfornotreportingcrimetothepolice(%),(British
CrimeSurvey,2007/08) 139
7.2 EstimatedtotaloffencesinEnglandandWales,2005/06,
asderivedfromtheBritishCrimeSurveyandoffences
recordedbythepolice 144
7.3 Summaryofoutcomes/outputs 150
7.4 ChangesinPPAFperformanceindicatorsforcriminal
investigation 159
9.1 Characteristicsofaprofession 198
9.2 Advantagesanddisadvantagesoftrainingandeducation 205
9.3 SkillsrequiredofaneffectiveSIO 212