Understanding Chess Endgames

234 Pages·2009·7.349 MB·English

by  John Nunn

UnderstanCdhiensgs
Endgames
JohnN unn
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Copyri©g Jhothn Nunn 2009
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witthhC eop yriDgehsti,ag nnPdsa teAnct1ts 9 88.
Alrli grhsetevsre .dT hibso oikss o lsduj bcett ot hceon dittihoianstt h anlolbt y,w ayo ft raodre
othweirsbeel, e nr-tes, ohlidro,eu dot ro thesrecw iircuilnaan tfyeo dro mfb indoircn ogv er other
thatnh iantw hichp ubilthi esiadsn d wiats hiomruic tlo andiitnicolnut dihicsno gn dibteiionng
impodos net hseu ebqsuepnutr chaser.
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Contents
Symbols 6
Introduction 7
Kinagn dP awnE ndings 9
1 Kinagn Pda wvnsK in(1g ) 10
2 Kinagn Pda wvnsK in(g2 ) 12
3 TheR ook'Psa wn 14
4 Kinagn Tdw oP awnvssK ing 16
5 ShouldeArwaiyn g 18
6 KinGge ometry 20
7 ExtPraaw n 22
8 OutsPiadsesP eadw n 24
9 ProtePcatsesPdea dw n 26
10 ActiKvien g 28
11 Brektahrough 30
12 Opposition 32
13 DistOapnpto sition 34
14 Traingulation 36
15 ReesrvTeem pi 38
16 TranosmrfatitoonQ uae eEnn di(1n )g 40
17 TranosmrfatitoonQ uae eEnn di(n2g) 42
18 SurpMroivsees 44
KnighEtn dings 46
19 KnigvhsPt a wn 48
20 KnigvhsMt o rPea wns 50
21 ExtPriae ce 52
22 ExtPraaw n 54
23 PosiltF iaocntaors 56
24 TatcicIadle as 58
Same-ColouBriesdh oEpn dings 60
25 Bihsovps P awns 62
26 Rook'Psa wann Wdr onBgis hop 64
27 Bsihoapn Pda wvnsB siohp( 1) 66
28 Bsihoapn Pda wvnsB siho(p2 ) 68
29 ExtrPaa wn 70
30 BadB ihsop 72
4 UNDERSATNDINGC HESESN DGAMES
Opposite-ColBoiusrheoEdpn dings 74
31 BishaonpTwd o PawnvssB ishop 76
32 Blockade 78
33 PassPeadw ns 80
BishovpsK nighEtn dings 82
34 BishaonpPd a wvns K night 84
35 KnigahntPd a wvns B ishop 86
36 TheD ominaBnits hop 88
37 BishoorKp n ight? 90
38 TwoB ishovpsBs i shaonpdK night 92
39 TwoB ishovpsTs w oK nights 94
RookE ndings 96
40 Roovks P aw(n1 ) 98
41 Roovks P aw(n 2) 100
42 Roovks T woC onnecPtaesdsP eadw ns 120
43 Roovks T wo Isolated Passed Pawns 140
44 l:t+�v s.: -TheS tandDarradw 160
45 Lucena Position 180
46 �+8v s1:. -Enemy KiCnugtO ff ( 1) 101
47 l:t+�v sJ: -EnemKiyn gC utOff ( 2) 121
48 l:t+�v sJ: -Checkfirnogtm h Sei de 141
49 l:t+�v s.: -Movintgot hSeh oSritd e 161
50 Rooakn Rdo okP'asw vns R ook 181
51 VancuDrraa w 102
52 Rooakn Tdw oP awnvssR oo(k1 ) 122
53 Rooakn Tdw oP awnvssR oo(k 2) 142
54 J:+f�+�vs%1 162
55 ExtPraaw onn O neS ide 182
56 ExtPraas sPeadw -nR ooikn F roonftt hPea wn 103
57 ExtPraas sPeadw -nR ooBke hitnhdPe a wn 123
58 ConnecPtaesdsP eadw ns 143
59 PawWne aknesses 163
60 Active King 183
61 Roookn t hSee venth 104
62 TactiTcrailc (1k s) 124
63 TactiTcrailc (k2s) 144
64 ManoeuvirnRi onogEk n dings 164
65 DefenicnRe o oEkn dings 184
66 DoubRloeo Ekn dings 105
Rookv sM inoPri ecEen dings 152
67 Roovks B ishop 145
68 Roovks K night 165
69 Roo+k P awvns B ishop 158
CONTENTS 5
70 Roo+k P awvns K night 106
71 Roo+k P awvns B ish+o Ppa wn 126
72 Roo+k P awvns K nig+hP ta wn 146
73 Roovks B ishoPapw:n osnO neW ing 166
74 Roovks B ishPopa:w nosnB otWhi ngs 186
75 Roovks K nigMhotr:Pe a wns 107
QueenE ndings 172
76 QueevnsP aw(n1 ) 147
77 QueevnsP aw(n 2) 167
78 Queeann Pda wvns Q uee(n1 ) 178
79 Queeann Pda wvns Q uee(n2 ) 108
80 KingS afety 128
81 PassPeadw ns 148
82 ActiKivneg 168
83 EscaptihnCegh ecks 188
84 ExtPraaw onn O neS ide 109
OtheMra terCioamlb inations 192
85 Matiwnigt Bhi shaonpKd n ight 149
86 QueevnsR oo(k1 ) 169
87 QueevnsR oo(k 2) 198
88 Rooakn Mdi noPri evcseR ook 200
89 Roovks T woM inoPri eces 202
90 QueevnsR ooakn Mdi noPri ece 204
91 QueevnsTw o Rooks 206
92 Rooakn Mdi noPri eEcned in(1g )s 208
93 Rooakn Mdi noPri eEcned in(g2s) 210
94 Queeann Mdi noPri eEcned ings 212
95 Heavy-PEinedcien gs 214
TactiIcdaela s 216
96 Mate 218
97 Stalemate 220
98 PawPnr omotion 222
99 Un derpromotion 224
100 Imagination 226
IndoefxP layers 228
IndoexfC omposerAsn aalnyds ts 231
Symbols
X capture
+ check
++ doubclhee ck
# checkmate
!! brillmioavnet
goomdo ve
!? interemsotvien g
?! dubiomuosv e
? badm ove
?? blunder
Ch championship
Ct Candidates
ECC EuropCelaunbC su p
(n) nthm atch game
(D) senee xdti agram
Introduction
Thibso ohka da nu nusgueanle isnit sh aotr igiInd aildlniy'n tt etnowd r iittae ta lIlw .a ss tarting
worokn a m oraed vanbcoeodok n e ndgamaensdw, h iIlw ea sc ollemcattienrgfi otarhl i Ibs e,g an
toc ompiall ieos fta ltlh teh intghrsee adweoru lbdea ssumteoknd o w.T hei dewaa st haatni ntro­
ductcohrayp wtoeurlg di vaeb riseufr voefty h i'sp resuknmoewdl edsgoet 'h aIwt o ulndoh ta vteo
expliatii nnt hmea ibno doyft hbeo oHko.w evieqtru ,i cbkelcya cmlee tahrat th i'si ntroductory
chaptweoru'lb dem ore alb iokoeik ni tsseolIp f u,tt h mea ipnr ojteooc ntse i daen sdt arttote hdi nk
abohuotw t hiisn troducchtaoprctyoe urbl edt urneidn taou sefbuolo Tk.h eraera el remaadnyy
cheesnsd gabmoeo kasn,td o d istintghufiirsso phmr evitoiutIsld eesc itdoef do counst hraeree as:
thlei osftt opiccosv ertehdse,e lecotfpi oosni tpiroensse annttdeh dle a yout.
Id ecidteocd r eatthleei osftt opibcesf ocrheo osainnyog ft hpeo sittiobo eni sn cluCdheeds.s
bookasro eft ewnr ititnte hnre e veorrsdeefi rr:st tha eu thsoerl ectsi nstoemreep sotsiintrgie olnast ­
intgo t hseu bjaethc atn adn,od n layft erwacrrdesat thesest rucitnutwrohe i cthhp eo sitfiitoI.nn s
thicsa sIae d opttehrdee vearpsper ofiarcshct,h oosail nigos ft1 00k eey ndgatmoep iwchsi ctho ­
gethfeorra ms olbiodd oyfe ssenetnidaglakn moew l edgAett. h lee vaetwl h icthh bioso iksa imed,
thetsoep ischso uld pacr oovmipdree hecnosuirivsncee h ess endbguIath m oeptseh, ta htme a terial
provihdeerwdei liln sprieraed teodr esl fvuer tihnettroh f ea scinwaotrilondfcg h eesnsd games.
Aftecrh oostihn1eg0 0 t hemIes st,a rttole odof koe rx ampolfee asc thh emTeh.is st aignew ,h ich
thaec tupaols itwieornsese lecwtaestd h,le e ngtshtieeipsnt t h cer eatoifto hnbe o oko,c cupying
roughhallytf ht eo ttailmt ea keInfy. o uh avaed ataboafos veet rh rmeiel lgiaomne fisn,d ienxga m­
pleosfa p artitchuelmiaesnr o atta lela sCyh.e ssBhaasmsea nsyo phistsiecaarftcuehnd c tbiuotn s,
theasrere e lattote hdpe o sitointo hnbe o artdhg,ea mdea taan tdh meo vepsl ayCehde.ss so ftware
isn oyte itn telleingoeutngotha llyoowu t os earfcohpr o sitfieoantsu froiernx ga,m palb er,e ak­
throuignah r ooekn dilnega dtiont ghc er eatoifao d ne cispiavsesp eadw nH.o wevtehrse,e arch
functaivoanisl caebrltea hienllpyae nddI l earneadl oatb outthe imn t hceo urosfwe r ittihnigs
booTkh.e a dvantoaftg hewi rs itsitnrga tweagsty h aIdt i scoveexraemdp Ild eisd nkn'otwe xisted
befoIrs et arwtoerdkC .h eslsi tertaetnutdroses titcokc ert'acilna sesxiacm'p olfep sa rticular
themewsh,i cahrt eh erne peaatgeadai nnda g awiint eha cnhe wa uthaodrd ilnigt otrnl oet htion g
whahta bse esna ibde foIrh ea.vm ea daec onsideerffaobtrloate v oida ntidhn isst oeffaednr e wp o­
sitimoannsty,a kferno m recent tTohuernraaersme te ainf ltelsw' . c lassic'i nte hxbeao mopakls,e s
Ip refearrc elde ar-cut histtooarc iocnaflu cseoixnnatgme pmlpepo orsairtybi uoitnnt , h vea smta ­
joroiftc ya sIew sa sa blteofi nd suietxaabmlpfelr eosrm e cetnotu rnameEnvtesin.nt hcea siens
whicIch h osahe i stoerxiacmaplIl h ea,vm ea daen e ffotrotr evipsree viaonuasl yses, sometimes
witshu rprirseisnu(gls tepseo sit3i2oefn,o erx am)p.l e
Thibsr inugsts o t hlea yowuhti,ci hsa ni mporftaacnttfo orrre adeAr wse.ll la id-aonudat p ­
proachbaobolwkei lbler eawdh,i olnewe h icihsl efsrsi emnadyls yt aoynt hbeo okshGeilvfet.nh e
incluosfi1 o00nt opiicstse ,e mneadt utroda elv oetxea cttwlopy a gtesoe actho pIih ca.v cea lled
eacghr ouopft wop agea's s ectEiaocnsh'e .c tcioonnt afionucsro lumannstd h eirsaed iagraatm
thteo opfe accho lumMno.ss te cticoonnstp arienc ifsoeuelrxy a mples, alitsnh oaotnu a gbhs ot­his
lutreu laen sdo mceo ntmaoirnoe rf eweTrh.il sa yomueta ntsh atthb eo oiksd iviidnet1do 00 e qual
parwthsi,cc hab ne s tudaitwe hda tepvaectreh ree adseerefi sta nadc cortdoit nhtgei maev ailable.
Readearrases sumteoknd o wa f ewt hinwghsi cahrn eo etx plaiinnt hebidos o Tkh.e e lementary
matewsi tkhi nagn qdu eevnsk inkgi,n agn rdo ovksk inagn kdi nagn td wob ishvospk si nagr neo t
covered, tahlmeto hroceuo gmhp lweixnw itkhi nbgi,s haonpknd ighvtsk inigse xplaiOntehde.r
thatnh aptr,a ctincoatlhliiysan sgs umTehdu.ts h beo oikss uitfaobarlw ei drea nogfep layferrosm,
8 UNDERSATNDINGC HESESN DGAMES
thowsheo jaursest ta rttosi tnugtd hyee n dgatmoec ,l upbl aywehrows o ulldi kteoc onsoltihdeaitre
exisetnidngga kmneo wleTdhgiebs.o oiksn oatn e ncyclopiaites ad nii nas;tru ctiboonoaIkhl .a ve
focussterdi ocntt olpyi wchsi cahrr ee levtaoon vte r-thep-lbaaoyna wdrh di cwhh,e mna stered, will
resiunlt thg er eaitmepsrto veimnpe lnaty sitrnegn g(tahl thtohuegarhre ae h andofuflp ositiino­ns
cludfeodtr h eir entevratlauaiesnn, omb eonostkh oublewd i thaol uitt ltilgeh t Trheelb ioeoikf)s .
besrte aidnt hfeo llosweiqnuge Sneccet:i 1o-5n1t,sh eang lanactSe e cti7o6an ns7d 7 b,a ctkoS ec­
tio1n6a n tdh esntr aiognhf tot rh ree osftt hbeo oTkh.er easfootnrh aipsp arecnutrlisyoe uqsu einsc e
explaoinnp eadg9 eT. h efi rsfte swe ctairoqenu si etlee meyn,atl atrhotuhgeahrr eoe n oer t wsou btle­
titeos wheivcemhno raed vanpcleady sehrosup laday t tenTthieorne.at fhteiersareg radpuraolg res­
siotnh rougthhobeuo otak l,t hoaultglhht e o pipcrse seanrtweei dt htihgner aosftp h dei lirgeeandte r.
Ih avaec quiarr eedp utaatsai nao unt hfoorno dfd etaialneadl yRseiasd.em rasyt herebfeoa r e
litsthloec kbeytd h ibso okw,h iccho ntavienrlsyi tdteltea ialneadl yTshiesra.er s ee verreaals ons
fotrh iFsi.r stthlbeyo ,oi kst ighftolcyu osneo dn oeb jecttoip vreo:va ic doem paccotu risnee s sen­
tieanld gakmneo wleTdhgueas.n ya nalywshiiscd ho enso ftu rtthhebero oko'bsj echtaibsve ee n
omittneomd a,t theorwi ntereismtti ignhbgteI .ti so fc ourpsoes sitbowl rei negv elrayss ctr oafp
instrucvtailoounueoat fl e acpho sitbiuoIthn a,v neo dto nteh iTsh.ep osithiaovnbese esne lected
tom aksep ecipfioci natnsdt, h ceo mmenatnsda nalyasrdieis r ecttoewda rds exapnldea mi­ning
phasitzhienpsgoe i nMtasn.yo ft hpeo sitpiroancst iecxapllltayhi enm sealnvdte hse mny c om­
mentasrd ee sigmnoesdt tlofy o ctuhsre e adeart'tse notnsi poenc miofimce nitnts h eex amples.
Mosotft hsee cthiaovnbese egnr oupaecdc ortdomi antge rwiiattlhh,r e e stuhltatht be o ocko nsists
oft epna rEtasc.ph a ritsp refabcyae p da goert wow hicshu mmartihzceeo sn teonftt hsap ta ratn,d
givtehsre e adaenor v ervoifte hwge e neprrailn cgiopvleernisnt gh apta rtitcyuploeafe r n dgame.
Ih avkee ptthu es oef t echntiecratmlosa m inimaunmad n tyh aatrue s ewdi lblee xplaiintn heed
texIht a.v aed opotnecedo nvenwthiiocinhsw oretxhp laiInndi insgc.u sfsoiernx ga,m ptlheee,n d­
inogf b ishaonpdp awvns b ishoonpoe,f tweann ttsow ristoem ethliink'geiW fh itep'aswi nso n
thfief trha ntkh,e. 'n.I. .n deiendm ,a neyn dgabmoeo ktsh iissn oatp roblseimn,ic ites a lwaayss­
sumetdh aWth itiest hseu persiiodHreo .w evtehrib,so o dke penhdesa voinlp yr acteixcaamlp les,
anidn t heisqteu iotfet en htahpiapittesB n lsa cwkh oh atsh bei shaonppd a wann sdo r eferetnoc es
'Whitpea'w'snm ayb e confSuosmibeno go.ks so ltvhepi rso blbeyrm e vertshiceno gl oiuntr hso se
exampwlheesrB el aicskt ryitnow gi nb,u itnp ractyiochuea vteop laByl acakso ftaesWn h itaen d
Ib elitehviaeitt sh elptfuosl e teh sei tuatiboont shfi rdooeftms h beo arTdh.e reIfh oarvaeed opat ed
different tsoto hlpiursto ibolIneIf mw .a nttom akae general asbtoaautntee nmdeinntg ,w rIi tseh all
(tuos teh aeb oveex amp'lietf)ha ,et tacpkaewrin'so s n t hfief trha ntkh,e. .n.w 'h erieit su nderstood
thtahtae tt acikestr h seu persiiodwreh ,oi st ryitnowg i nw,h itlhee f ednediestr h ien fesriidowerh, o
ist riyntgod raTwh.i asv oirdesf erteoWn hcieto erB laacnkad p pleiqeusa wlhleyt Whheirt oerB lack
ist hseu persiiodIrets . h oubled cilnea anrgy ivpeons itwihootn h aet tacakndeder f enadreer.
Eacdhi agriaslm a belblyae n du mbaenrad l eetrst,ot ha't3 2bf'oe,rx ampilste h,se e codnida ­
graimnS ect3i2oC.nr oss-refreerfteeodnr ic aegsr uasmistn hge lsaeb eTlhsel. e t'tWe'or r ' Bb'e ­
sidade i agrianmd icwahteetshi eitsrW hitoerB lactkop laIyf'. W /Ba'p peatrhsmi,es a ntsh atth e
diagrpaoms itiisco onn sidbeortwehid t Whh itteom ovaen wdi tBhl actkom oveW.h erIer efteor
'firrsatn k''fi,fr tahn ke't,,ct .hiissa lwafyrso tmh peo ionftv ieowft hpel aybeeri dnigs cussed.
Ih opteh atth bioso pkr ovheesl pifniu mlp rovtihrneeg a deern'dgsa pmleaa yn idn s howitnhga t
theen dgaimsoe n oef t hmeo sitn tereasntdii mnpgo rptaarnottfcs h ess.
JohNnu nn
Chertsey
Jul2y0 09
Kinagn dP awnE ndings
Kinagn pda wenn dianrgtehs me o sftnu dametnytpoaefel n disnigna,cl oelt heenrd icnagrnse duce
tot hevmi a epxieccheeasT n.hg ere,tf hosert euodfey n dgaimngee sn emruassltt ahretrIh e a.v dee ­
votaec do ndseiraabmloeuo nfst p atcoke i nagnp da wenn dsin,no gotn lbye caoufts heei inrt rinsic
importbaubntec ce,as uesveei rmaprlot aenntd gacmoen cempatktseh efiirras ptp eariansn ucceh
endiEnxgasm.p olfse uscc ho ncaerpzetu sg zwtahnoegu ,t spiadesedsp awann d atchteki ivneag l,l
idewahsi rcehc tuhrr ougthhbeoo uoitkn d ieffretnytp oefs emnedsg.a
Youc na'gtem tu cmho rbea stihcak ni ngp aawnvndsk inagn,Sd e ct1i3o-d nesa l twheiintsdh ­
in.Eg vetnh oumgahnr ye adweirblself ma iliwairtt hhp er incgiopvleerntsih nigs epnodsiintgi,o ns
sucahs a2nd3d d s hotwh at atphpelpsyreii nngc iprleeqsua id mreaegy ro efse u btSleectty4i. o n
coversa nktdiw nog pvaswk nisn g, iwsahl imcoahsl tw awyisn nianlgt,ho iuitgsw ho rbtehi ng
awaorfet hfee ew xceptpioosinnioastl.
This ibison otke andse iadn ns trmuacntuiaaonlnsd, o f cousoents h gee necroanlc ewphtisc h,
oncger aswpiealdcl,t uiamlplryyo ovuepr l aoyv etrhb eo arSde.c t5ie oxnp lhaoiwyn oscu a uns e
youorw nk intgof rustrtahteeen emmyo narwchhi,Sl ecet i6od ne awlistt hhg ee omreyot ft he
chsebsoaarnhddo wt hciasbn e u sdet op urstuweto a rgaettt hssea mtei me.
Thtea osfke xploainet xitnprgaa w anir sferqseu enitnpl rytac icea,n tdh iitssh seuj bceto fS ec­
ti7o.Pn as speadw anrsue s uaalnal syts a,en tdh iiesss pecsioiat flh leyy o uatrs(eif adawera fyor m
thoet hpearw nosrp) r oteacntsdeu dc,h paardwesin cssu esidnS ect8ia onn9ds.A na ctivieas king
beneifinat l most aolfel n dtikynipgnae;gns pd a wenn dianrgneso e xcepatsyi ooun ,sc eaienn
Sect1i.0o n
Thec reaotfaip oans speadwcn a ena sdielcyia d eka innpdga wenn dibnegc,a iutfsh eee n emy
kinigts o foa arw atyos toiptt ,h epnr omoitisin oenav bilTteh.ic sa sno metbiema ecsh iebvyae d
breharkotuignwh h,i ocnhoe rm orpea wnaress acritfioec nesdut rhpeer omootfai nohonet Srec. ­
tio1ng1 i evss omeex apmels.
Iitss o metpiomsessti omb alneo euwvirttehhk ei nigno rdteopr en etriantttehoe e n empyo si­
ti.oT nhmeo sbta seixca mopftl heii tssh oepp ositwihoiinces,hx plaiinSn eecdt1 i.2o snAl ightly
morseo phisctaisicetsa h tdeei adsn totpp osi(tsiSeoeenc t1i)3ow,nhi lter iangiuasls a utbitolne r
varioaftn hstea mper inc(ispSeleeec t1i)4oI.nno rdteogr a itnho ep posiiittss io omne,t niemce­s
esrsyta om akaew aitmionvwgei taph a wn,ii ths se olu plf htaovo en oerm orpea wmnov ewsh ich
cabne e xecuatta enmdyo meTnhte.as rece a lrlseeedrv teep mia,n adr ceo veirnSe edc t1i.5o n
Pwane ndicnagbnset rsaofnrmeidnq tuoe en einofdn ioenrb g osto hft hpel ayers bpurto mote,
equaqluleyee nnd ingrse dcutacone peanwdni intfgh sqe u eeanrse excThhauntsgh eeidras.en
unavoicdiarbclueil nac roivteyr inegn dssiu.nScge hc ti1o6an nsd1 7d eawli tpha wenn dings
whitcarhn osrfimn qtuoe eennd iTnhgiissas. n i mporttoapnitici t,qs u aicsto em mfoonbr o th sides
top romionpt aew enn diHnogwse.v tehret,sw eso e ctdiodo enpse tnodl iam ietxetdoe nnk tn owl­
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77b eofrset arotnSi encgt 1i.6o n
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positWiiotonhns lk.yi nagnspd a wonnst hbeo ard,p lmaayfneeeyrtl sh at tsaupcrrstieiascr ael out
oft hqeu esatnildoo nw erg utahorendil,try o retahlemiiistzrae kt eo o Elvaetgner a.n dmhaasvtee rs
beeknn owtnoo verltohsoeuk b tlsee wsfih nieocschc suuprrr siinogfltyie nkn i nagn d peanwdn­
ignsT.h eex ampilnteh ssi esc tsihoonu lda sasw earnrivnetg h iaittas l wanyeescs rsyta om aintain
youtra ctailcearlt ness.