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256 Pages·2014·1.237 MB·Russian
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А.А. Гольдман И.Ж. Винокурова ИнтерпретАцИя брИтАнскоГо ромАнА UNDERSTANDING BRITISH NOVELS Учебное пособие 2-е издание, стереотипное Допущено УМО по классическому университетскому образованию для студентов высших учебных заведений в качестве учебного пособия по направлению подготовки 032700 — «Филология» Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2014 1 УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 Г63 Гольдман А.А. Г63 Интерпретация британского романа. Understanding British Novels. A student’s activity book for advanced learners of English [Электронный ресурс] : учеб. пособие / А.А. Гольдман, И.Ж. Винокурова. — 2-е изд., стер. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2014. — 256 с. ISBN 978-5-9765-1756-1 Пособие призвано активизировать самостоятельную работу в процессе подготовки к занятиям по домашнему чтению, интерпретации и анализу текста. Оно состоит из глав романа Гр. Грина «The Quiet American», каждая из которых сопровождается рядом заданий, способствующих углублению понимания прочитанного, развитию умений излагать содержание, интерпретировать смысл художественного текста. Для студентов старших курсов, изучающих английский язык по направлению 032700 «Филология», профиль «Зарубежная филология» (английский язык и литература). УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 ISBN 978-5-9765-1756-1 © Гольдман А.А., Винокурова И.Ж., 2013 © Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2014 2 CONTENTS Предисловие / Preface .....................................................................................4 Introduction .......................................................................................................5 PART ONE Chapter I ........................................................................................................11 Chapter II ......................................................................................................24 Assignment I ....................................................................................................34 Chapter III .....................................................................................................37 Chapter IV .....................................................................................................51 Assignment II ..................................................................................................67 Chapter V .......................................................................................................71 PART TWO Chapter I .........................................................................................................79 Chapter II (1, 2) .............................................................................................91 Assignment III ...............................................................................................101 Chapter II (3) ...............................................................................................107 Assignment IV ...............................................................................................131 Chapter III ...................................................................................................136 Assignment V .................................................................................................157 PART THREE Chapter I ......................................................................................................162 Chapter II (1) ...............................................................................................180 Assignment VI ...............................................................................................184 Chapter II (2) ...............................................................................................188 PART FOUR Chapter I .......................................................................................................196 Chapter II ....................................................................................................201 Chapter III ...................................................................................................216 Assignment VII ..............................................................................................219 Assignment VIII .............................................................................................223 Assignment IX ...............................................................................................231 Assignment X .................................................................................................236 Assignment XI ...............................................................................................246 Assignment XII ..............................................................................................247 List of References .........................................................................................254 3 преДИсЛоВИе Учебное пособие рассчитано на студентов старших кур- сов институтов и факультетов иностранных языков. Оно пред- назначено для домашнего чтения и включает в себя задания на развитие навыков чтения, говорения, а также ряд упражнений, способствующих совершенствованию навыков интерпретации художественного текста. Пособие построено на материале романа известного бри- танского писателя Грэма Грина «The Quiet American». Выбор произведения объясняется не только тем, что это детективный психологический роман, который, безусловно, вызывает инте- рес читателя, но и тем, что оно содержит в себе вопросы, остаю- щиеся актуальными независимо от времени — вопросы полити- ки, мира и войны, любви и ненависти, дружбы и предательства, психологии преступления. Роман также в большей степени рас- крывает порывы человечности и ставит под сомнение право че- ловека судить других людей. Каждый раздел пособия начинается с главы или подглавки романа, приводимой без сокращений и каких-либо изменений авторского стиля. Текст произведения сопровождается коммен- тариями, поясняющими исторические и географические реалии. После чтения каждой главы романа студентам предлагается вы- полнить ряд заданий, направленных на обогащение словарного запаса обучающихся, развитие навыков понимания оригиналь- ного текста и совершенствование навыков говорения. Наиболее эффективным типом упражнений в этом пособии являются зада- ния, которые рассчитаны помочь студентам обсудить основные проблемы произведения, интересные эпизоды, поступки и раз- мышления персонажей, излюбленные стилистические приемы автора и т.п. 4 В конце пособия приводится ряд заданий, рекомендуемых для заключительного обсуждения книги. PREFACE The aim of the present manual is to give the students of philology the tool for understanding and interpretation of a literary text. It is based on the novel “The Quiet American” by Graham Greene. It provides an introduction about the author, the chapters of the book with commentaries on historical and geographical realia. The manual contains a set of vocabulary exercises on some interesting expressions from the novel. Special focus is made also on the fragments of the text which can help a student to apply a linguostylistic approach to understanding of a literary text. Besides, every chapter of the novel is followed by discussion of the themes which Gr. Greene is exploring. The manual is intended to help teachers, students and general readers to enjoy reading and understanding a contemporary classic novel by one of Britain’s finest writers. INTRODUCTION Graham Greene, in full Henry Graham Greene (born October 2, 1904, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England—died April 3, 1991, Vevey, Switzerland) is an English novelist, short-story writer, play- wright, and journalist whose novels treat life’s moral ambiguities in the context of contemporary political settings. His father was the headmaster of Berkhamsted School, which Greene attended for some years. After running away from school, he was sent to London to a psychoanalyst in whose house he lived while under treatment. After studying at Balliol College, Oxford, Greene converted to Roman Catholicism in 1926, partly through the influence of his future wife, Vivien Dayrell-Browning, whom he married in 1927. He moved to London and worked for The Times as a copy editor from 1926 to 1930. His first published work was a 5 book of verse, Babbling April (1925), and upon the modest success of his first novel, The Man Within (1929; adapted as the film The Smugglers, 1947), he quit The Times and worked as a film critic and literary editor for The Spectator until 1940. He then traveled widely for much of the next three decades as a freelance journalist, searching out locations for his novels in the process. Greene’s first three novels are held to be of small account. He began to come into his own with a thriller, Stamboul Train (1932; also published as Orient Express), which plays off various characters against each other as they ride a train from the English Channel to Istanbul. This was the first of a string of novels that he termed “entertainments,” works similar to thrillers in their spare, tough language and their suspenseful, swiftly moving plots, but possessing greater moral complexity and depth. Stamboul Train was also the first of Greene’s many novels to be filmed (1934). It was followed by three more entertainments that were equally popular with the reading public: A Gun for Sale (1936; also published as This Gun for Hire; films 1942 and, as Short Cut to Hell, 1957), The Confidential Agent (1939; film 1945), and The Ministry of Fear (1943; adapted as the film Ministry of Fear, 1945). A fifth entertainment, The Third Man, which was published in novel form in 1949, was originally a screenplay for a classic film directed by Carol Reed. One of Greene’s finest novels, Brighton Rock (1938; films 1947 and 2010), shares some elements with his entertainments — the protagonist is a hunted criminal roaming the underworld of an English sea resort — but explores the contrasting moral attitudes of its main characters with a new degree of intensity and emotional involvement. In this book, Greene contrasts a cheerful and warm- hearted humanist he obviously dislikes with a corrupt and violent teenage criminal whose tragic situation is intensified by a Roman Catholic upbringing. Greene’s finest novel, The Power and the Glory (1940; also published as The Labyrinthine Ways; adapted as the film The Fugitive, 1947), has a more directly Catholic theme: the desperate wanderings of a priest who is hunted down in rural Mexico at a time when the church is outlawed there. The weak and alcoholic 6 priest tries to fulfill his priestly duties despite the constant threat of death at the hands of a revolutionary government. Greene worked for the Foreign Office during World War II and was stationed for a while at Freetown, Sierra Leone, the scene of another of his best-known novels, The Heart of the Matter (1948; film 1953). This book traces the decline of a kindhearted British colonial officer whose pity for his wife and mistress eventually leads him to commit suicide. The End of the Affair (1951; films 1955 and 1999) is narrated by an agnostic in love with a woman who forsakes him because of a religious conviction that brings her near to sainthood. Greene’s next four novels were each set in a different Third World nation on the brink of political upheaval. The protagonist of A Burnt-Out Case (1961) is a Roman Catholic architect tired of adulation who meets a tragic end in the Belgian Congo shortly before that colony reaches independence. The Quiet American (1956; films 1958 and 2002) chronicles the doings of a well-intentioned American government agent in Vietnam in the midst of the anti- French uprising there in the early 1950s. Our Man in Havana (1958; film 1959) is set in Cuba just before the communist revolution there, while The Comedians (1966; film 1967) is set in HaitI during the rule of François Duvalier. Greene’s last four novels, The Honorary Consul (1973; adapted as the film Beyond the Limit, 1983), The Human Factor (1978; film 1979), Monsignor Quixote (1982), and The Tenth Man (1985), represent a decline from the level of his best fiction. The world Greene’s characters inhabit is a fallen one, and the tone of his works emphasizes the presence of evil as a palpable force. His novels display a consistent preoccupation with sin and moral failure acted out in seedy locales characterized by danger, violence, and physical decay. Greene’s chief concern is the moral and spiritual struggles within individuals, but the larger political and social settings of his novels give such conflicts an enhanced resonance. His early novels depict a shabby Depression-stricken Europe sliding toward fascism and war, while many of his subsequent novels are 7 set in remote locales undergoing wars, revolutions, or other political upheavals. Despite the downbeat tone of much of his subject matter, Greene was in fact one of the most widely read British novelists of the 20th century. His books’ unusual popularity is due partly to his production of thrillers featuring crime and intrigue but more importantly to his superb gifts as a storyteller, especially his masterful selection of detail and his use of realistic dialogue in a fast-paced narrative. Throughout his career, Greene was fascinated by film, and he often emulated cinematic techniques in his writing. No other British writer of this period was as aware as Greene of the power and influence of cinema. Greene published several collections of short stories, among them Nineteen Stories (1947; revised as Twenty-one Stories, 1954). Among his plays are The Living Room (performed 1952) and The Potting Shed (1957). His Collected Essays appeared in 1969. A Sort of Life (1971) is a memoir to 1931, to which Ways of Escape (1980) is a sequel. A collection of his film criticism is available in Mornings in the Dark: The Graham Greene Film Reader (1993). In 2007 a selection of his letters was published as Graham Greene: A Life in Letters. The unfinished manuscript The Empty Chair, a murder mystery that Greene began writing in 1926, was discovered in 2008; serialization of it began the following year. 8 THE QUIET AMERICAN by Graham Greene Dear Rene and Phuong, I have asked permission to dedicate this book to you not only in memory of the happy evenings I have spent with you in Saigon1 over the last five years, but also because I have quite shamelessly borrowed the location of your flat to house one of my characters, and your name, Phuong, for the convenience of readers because it is simple, beautiful and easy to pronounce, which is not true of all your country-women’s names. You will both realise I have borrowed little else, certainly not the characters of anyone in Viet Nam. Pyle, Granger, Fowler, Vigot, Joe-these have had no originals in the life of Saigon or Hanoi2, and General The is dead: shot in the back, so they say. Even the historical events have been rearranged. For example, the big bomb near the Continental3 preceded and did not follow the bicycle bombs. I have no scruples about such small changes. This is a story and not a piece of history, and I hope that as a story about a few imaginary characters it will pass for both of you one hot Saigon evening. Yours affectionately, Graham Greene 1 A city and port on the south coast of Vietnam. It was the capital of the French colony established in Vietnam in the 19th century, becoming capital of South Vietnam in the partition of 1954. 2 The capital of Vietnam, situated on the Red River in the north of the country. It was the capital of French Indo-China from 1887 to 1946 and of North Vietnam before the reunification of North and South Vietnam. 3 The Continental Hotel situated in the main street of Saigon. 9 “I do not like being moved: for the will is excited; and action Is a most dangerous thing; I tremble for something factitious, Some malpractice of heart and illegitimate process; We’re so prone to these things, with our terrible notions of duty.” A.H. Clough4 “This is the patent age of new inventions For killing bodies, and for saving souls, All propagated with the best intentions.” Byron 4 Clough, Arthur Hugh (1819—1861), English poet. 10

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