Romancov_vol1_D.qxd 05-03-2007 16:28 Page 1 Barták Hrdina The so-called fourth dimension of a metropolis is the underground space Romancov beneath a city which typically includes structures such as tunnels, Zlámal which facilitate transport, as well as providing gas, water and other supplies. Underground space may also be utilised for living, working and recreational facilities and provide storage for industrial materials. t U h e n Underground Space – the 4th Dimension of Metropolises focusses 4 th d on underground city design and planning of subterranean constructions; D e i geotechnical survey and improvement of ground mass; research, m r development and design of underground constructions in built-up areas; e n g urban tunnelling, both conventional and mechanized, and its moni- s i r toring; underground constructions executed from the surface in built-up o o n areas; concrete in underground construction; distribution and manage- o u ment of risks and accidents during tunnelling; tunnel equipment; fire and f operational safety; and historical underground constructions. M n e d t Underground Space – the 4th Dimension of Metropolises reviews ro p S the state-of-the-art in tunnelling, discusses current tunnelling research o and presents expectations for future development. This collection of l p i s papers will be invaluable to researchers, scientists, engineers and e a professionals working in tunnelling. s c e Underground Space Volume 1 the 4th Dimension of Metropolises Editors: ^ Jirí Barták Ivan Hrdina Georgij Romancov Volume 1 Jaromír Zlámal an informabusiness UNDERGROUNDSPACE–THE4th DIMENSIONOFMETROPOLISES BALKEMA–ProceedingsandMonographs inEngineering,WaterandEarthSciences PROCEEDINGSOFTHE33rd ITA-AITESWORLDTUNNELCONGRESS, PRAGUE,CZECHREPUBLIC5–10MAY2007 Underground Space – th the 4 Dimension of Metropolises Edited by Jiˇrí Barták CzechTechnicalUniversity,Prague Ivan Hrdina METROSTAVa.s. Georgij Romancov METROPROJEKTPrahaa.s. Jaromír Zlámal POHLcz,a.s. VOLUME 1 LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120518 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-415-88967-4 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. 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Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com UndergroundSpace–the4thDimensionofMetropolises–Barták,Hrdina,Romancov&Zlámal(eds) ©2007Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,ISBN978-0-415-40807-3 Table of contents Preface XXV Organisation XXVII Volume1 Section1: Undergroundcitydesign,planningofundergroundconstructions Largesttransportationsystem–Metroandroadinthesametunnel 3 V.M.Abramson&S.Yu.Loubotski AnchorrecoveryunderextremeconditionsindowntownLeipzig,Germany 7 L.Babendererde&P.Elsner ConstructionofMetroIV.C2Ládví–LetnˇanyinPrague 13 V.Bartonˇ,M.Kochánek,V.Valeš&J.Kutil PlanningforCanada’sfirstboredroadtunnelinover40yearsKickingHorseCanyonProject 19 D.Brox,S.Bean,P.Branco&T.Coulter PreparationofMetro’sAlineextensioninPrague 27 V.Cigánek&J.Ru˚žicˇka PreparationofMetro’snewDlineinPrague 33 V.Cigánek&J.Ru˚žicˇka TheTureckýVrchrailwaytunnel 39 M.Dávid,J.Mára&J.Korejcˇík Collectors–Systemapproachtotheregenerationoftechnicalinfrastructureinthe cityofPrague 45 F.Dvorˇák&M.Hradecký Yearsofplanningandimplementation:Twomajorurbantunnelingprojectsin LosAngeles,California,USA 51 M.A.Elioff,B.W.Miya&J.H.Albino Geologicalandgeotechnicalconditionsinundergroundstructuresdesignof Romesubway:TheB-Lineextension 59 R.Enrione,A.Eusebio,L.Soldo,R.Funiciello&L.Solimene Ontologies,thesaurusesandinformationsystemsfortunnels 65 N.Faure BuildingtheundergroundinfrastructureofLausanne’snewm2metroline 69 F.Gaj&M.Badoux V MetroSantiago–Buildinganurbantunnelingindustryfromthegroundup 75 A.R.A.Gomes,M.Böfer&P.Muñoz TheslivenectunnelonthePraguecityringroad 81 O.Hasík&K.Závora Portals–Thearchitecturevisibleincitiesandlandscape 87 O.Hasík&P.Šourek StudyoftheshipliftstructureattheSlapyDam 91 M.Jakoubek,J.Kunˇák&P.Uher DesignoftheDistrictHeatingTunnelinCopenhagen 97 T.Kasper,C.Edvardsen&M.Faurschou Excavationconnectingtheundergroundventilationstationandtheunderground expresswaytunnels 103 Y.Konishi,I.Kamegaya,A.Ueda&Y.Imanaka Prague–Beroun,newrailwayconnection 111 D.Krása,J.Ru˚žicˇka&O.Hasík Undergroundhigh-speedrailway–ThephenomenonofurbanisticdevelopmentinPrague 117 E.Kyllar RailwaylinePraguecentre–Ruzyneˇairport 125 J.Martinec&P.Zobal TheTransHudsonExpress(THE)Tunnel 131 N.Munfah&A.D.Silber CTABlock37TunnelConnectionindowntownChicago 137 V.Nasri&P.Razgha Constructionofalargeundergroundstationunderastationinoperation 143 T.Niibori,Y.Seki,T.Sato,T.Yamada&T.Fujiwara Thenextstep:TheVeryLongTunnel(VLT) 149 H.Ostlid,W.C.Grantz,J.Saveur&B.Jakobsen PlanningandconstructionofmajorinfrastructureworksinCroatia 155 J.Radic,P.Djukan&Z.Zderic TheDullesCorridorMetrorailProject–TunnelingaspectsoftheMetrorailextensionto Washington,DCDullesInternationalAirportPhaseIandPhaseII 161 J.Rudolf,V.Gall&K.Zeidler ExperiencefromarchitecturaldesignandBuildoftheundergroundspace 167 P.Šafránek StudyonundergroundspaceplanningofShanghaiEXPO2010 173 H.H.Zhu,P.Li,X.Wang,F.L.Peng&Y.S.Li Section2: Geotechnicalsurveyandimprovementofgroundmass Part2.1 Geotechnicalsurvey Theimpactofpuncturingsupportontheexpansionofseismiceffectsduringblasting activitiesintunnels 179 H.Anticˇevic´,Z.Ester&M.Dobrilovic´ VI Twodifferentconceptsofgeotechnicalsurveyandmonitoringinexplorationgalleriesfor tunnelsinPrague–LahovskáexplorationgalleryandBlankaexplorationgallery 191 R.Chmelarˇ&B.Brˇezina Inverseanalysisonmeasurementsrealizedduringatunnelexcavation 197 S.Eclaircy-Caudron,D.Dias&R.Kastner PredictionofthegroundconditionsaheadtheTBMfaceinthetunnelsof Guadarrama(Spain),usinggeophysicalmethodsandinsitutesting 203 J.M.Galera,S.Pescador,A.Rodríguez&M.Torres Riskanalysisofsoiltransitionintunnelworks 209 Q.F.Hu&H.W.Huang FeasibleBouldertreatmentmethodsforsoftgroundshieldedTBM 217 W.W.Jee&S.-G.Ha ReasonsofswellingofmioceneclaysnearTˇreboviceinBohemia 223 F.Kresta Geophysicsmethodusedtorecognizetheboundarybetweendifferentdeposits 227 R.Kuszyk&M.Superczyn´ska GeotechnicalexplorationfortheDobrovskéhoTunnelinBrno 231 J.Pavlík,D.Rupp&L.Klímek DesignandconstructionofalargeundergroundcaverninAtlanta,Georgia,USA 237 T.W.Pennington,R.F.Cook,D.P.Richards&G.Barnes Developmentofin-situtunnel-aheaddetectionsystemusingelectromagneticwave 243 H.H.Ryu,G.C.Cho,Y.J.Sim,G.H.Lee&J.K.Lee Amodifieddesignofalargesectiontunnelasanauxiliaryspillwayalonglargefaults 249 Y.W.Shin,I.K.Lee,T.S.Park,H.S.Choi,S.C.Park,J.K.Kim,M.S.Lee,K.H.Shin&B.H.Han GeotechnicalcontrolduringtheexcavationofthetunnelofGuadarrama 255 I.Tardáguila,B.Celada,J.M.Galera Assessmentofrockmasspropertiesusingmachineperformancedatafromroadheaders 261 K.Tsukamoto,H.Hamada&S.Ebisu DeeptunnellinginhardrockwithlargediameterTBM:What’sup?Anexperiencefrom theGotthardBaseTunnel 267 I.Vicenzi,S.Pedrazzini,A.Ferrari,G.Gubler&O.Böckli LaboratorytestsforEPBtunnellingsoilconditioning 273 R.Vinai,D.Peila,C.Oggeri&S.Pelizza 3Dgeo-modelingforspillwaytunnelconstructioninthecomplexfaultregion 279 W.S.Yoon,U.Jeong,B.H.Han,K.H.Shin,S.S.Lee&Y.K.Kim DilatometertestsindeepboreholesininvestigationforBrennerbasetunnel 283 M.Zalesky,Ch.Bühler,U.Burger&M.John Part2.2 Improvementofgroundmass Thedimensioningoftunnelfacereinforcement 289 G.Anagnostou&K.Serafeimidis VII Cost-effectivepre-injectionwithrapidhardeningmicrocementandcolloidalsilicaforwater ingressreductionandstabilisationofadverseconditionsinaheadracetunnel 297 A.K.Bahadur,K.G.Holter&A.Pengelly Experimentalinvestigationonbackfillgroutingdeformationcharacteristicsof shieldtunnelinsand 303 Y.-w.Han,W.Zhu,X.-c.Zhong&R.Jia Advancesinsyntheticinjectiontechnology,dotheyimprovetunnel constructionproductivity? 307 W.Kay,T.Yang Injectiontechniquesusedattheoldworkingsandkarstvoidsabandonmentunderthe built-upresidentialareasintheUrals 311 A.B.Kondratov InstabilitiesattheMessochoratunnel,Greece:Groundimprovementandsafetyevaluation basedonobservationaldata 315 V.Kontogianni&Y.Thanopoulos RockboltintegrityevaluationintunnellingusingultrasonicNDTtechniques 321 J.S.Lee,H.J.Kim,I.M.Lee,S.I.Han&Y.J.Lee Jet-groutinginundergroundconstruction 327 A.G.Malinin&P.A.Malinin Modellingofgroundfreezingintunnelling 331 E.Pimentel,A.Sres&G.Anagnostou Performanceevaluationofgroundimprovementbyelectricalresistivitytomography 337 T.Shimizu,K.Narumoto&S.Ebisu ReinforcingEffectsaroundtunnelfacebycrown&facereinfored 345 J.H.Shin,S.H.Choi&S.B.Woo&Y.K.Choi Laboratorytestingofchemicalgroutingeffectsinrocks 353 K.Soucˇek,L.Staš,R.Šnˇupárek&I.Kroutilová Section3: Research,developmentanddesignofundergroundconstructionsinbuilt-upareas DeformationcomputationbasedonnumericalmodellingforurbanNATMtunnelling 359 M.Z.A.Elrehim NumericalanalysisofTBMroadtunnelsunderSuezCanalatPortSaid 367 A.Abu-Krisha NumericalmodelingoffacestabilityforTBMtunneling 373 A.A.Krisha Impactofthefaceanchoringonthestabilityofundergroundworking 377 J.Aldorf,E.Hrubešová&L.Duris BentoniteandgroutflowaroundaTBM 383 A.Bezuijen Volumechangesingroutusedtofillupthetailvoid 389 A.Bezuijen&W.H.vanderZon VIII Laboratorytestsoncompensationgrouting,theinfluenceofgroutbleeding 395 A.Bezuijen,M.P.M.Sanders,D.denHamer&A.F.vanTol Softwaresolutionsforsensitivitystudiesindesignoftunnels 403 E.Bieth,L.Chantron&P.Roure Safetyproblemsofundergroundstructuresinthedesign 409 N.Bulychev,N.Fotieva&A.Levchenko Stabilityanddeformationsinlarge-scaleundergroundconstructions 415 A.Butovicˇ Particulardesignfornuclearlongterminterimstorage 421 N.Dias,J.Triclot,H.Lagrave&E.Breton Designandconstructionofatunnelusingthetechnologyforcontrollingmuckflowinthe cuttingchamberofanearthpressurebalanceshieldoflargecrosssection 427 H.Dobashi,M.Matsuda,K.Matsubara&A.Kitayama Estimationoffront-endstabilityusingfielddisplacement 435 R.M.Faure,J.F.Thimus,F.Demoulin&S.Delvaux Influenceofsoilgroutingontheshallowtunnelliningsstressstateinurbanareas 439 N.Fotieva,N.Bulychev,S.Antziferov,A.Sammal&P.Deev AnalysesofundergroundstructurescrossinganactivefaultinCoronado,California 445 T.Gregor,B.Garrod&D.Young Numericalmodelingoftunnelexcavationandliningunderhighinitialstressesandhigh undergroundwaterpressuresatJinpingMountain 451 W.Chen&H.-N.Ruan Simulationoffailurearoundacirculartunnelusingabondedparticlemodel 457 D.S.Cheon,C.Park,S.Jeon&Y.-S.Jeong DeformationpredictionfortunnelsatPiccExjunctioninLondonHeathrow–An engineeringapproach 463 J.Jäger&A.Stärk Improveddesignmethodfor2-archtunnel 469 W.G.Jeon,K.-H.Jeong,J.H.Lee,H.-H.Ahn&S.-W.Lee EvaluationofstrengthparametersforthesingleshelltunnelinKorea 475 K.H.Joon,L.S.Ho,S.H.Seong&B.G.Jin Measurementsandseismiceffectsofvibrationscausedbyurbantunneling 481 Z.Kaláb&J.Knejzlík Designmethodconsideringconstructionloadsduringshieldtunnelingusinga three-dimensionalFEManalysismodel 487 K.Kasuga,N.Kawada,A.Shiratori,N.Fukai&M.Saitou Developmentofanewcenter-cutmethod:SAV-cut(StageAdvanceV-cut) 493 D.Kim,S.Noh,S.Lee,B.Park&S.Jeon Astudyoftheinverttunnel’sbehaviorinaweathered-rockusinglaboratorymodeltest andnumericalanalysis 501 K.J.Kim,S.Y.Koh,S.Y.Choo,C.S.Hong&D.J.Hwang IX