Uncommon but significant phytopathogenicity is exhibited by some

51 Pages·2012·3.91 MB·English

by  Ploetz, Randy C.

Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Conference
The Situation in California
August 12 – 14, 2012

Meeting sponsored by:
The Hofshi Foundation
University of California, Riverside
UC Center for Invasive Pest Research
The Huntington Botanical Gardens
The Los Angeles Arboretum
Invasive Ambrosia Beetle Conference
The Situation in California
August 12 – 14, 2012

Session 4
Biology of the Fungal Symbiont
Uncommon but significant
phytopathogenicity is exhibited
by some ambrosia beetle
symbionts
Randy C Ploetz
University of Florida
Tropical Research & Education Center
18905 SW 280th Street
Homestead, FL 33031-3314
[email protected]
•
These diseases are unexpected, due to
the unusual behaviors of the vectors
and atypical phytopathogenicity of the
symbionts
•
These diseases are unexpected, due to
the unusual behaviors of the vectors
and atypical phytopathogenicity of the
symbionts
•
Due to their uncommon attributes,
they are unpredictable
•
These diseases are unexpected, due to
the unusual behaviors of the vectors
and atypical phytopathogenicity of the
symbionts
•
Due to their uncommon attributes,
they are unpredictable
•
Although they are abnormal, they can
have extreme impacts on forest,
landscape and agricultural trees
Japanese oak wilt
Laurel wilt
Fusarium canker 
Sporothrix + platypodid
on black walnut
damage on Eucalytpus nitens
Fusarium dieback of avocado
Korean oak wilt
Table 1. Examples of ambrosia beetle‐associated damage to trees
Species Host tree(s) Symbiont(s). Host impact Leach’s rules? References
Platypodinae: Platypodini
Austroplatypusincompertus Eucalyptus Ambrosiellasp. Wood quality degraded in living trees with  No Kent, 2008; Finnegan, 1967; 
an unclear involvement of symbiontor other fungi  Baker, 1972
Euplatypusparallelus Pterocarpusindicus Fusariumoxysporum. Lethal wilt. Symbiotic relationship with  No Bumrungsri et al., 2008
beetle suggested, but Leach’s rules not fulfilled
Megaplatypusmutatus numerous Raffaeleasantoroi. Mortality with no symbiontimpact  n/a Alfaro et al. 2007; Smith, 2009
reported
Platypus quercivora Quercuscrispula, Q. serrata Raffaeleaquercivora. Japanese oak wilt. Mortality in  Yes Murata et al., 2009; Kinuura and 
susceptible species after mass attack by vector Kobyashi, 2006; Kamata et al., 
2002; Urano, 2000
Platypus koryoensis Quercusmongolica, Q. alienaand Raffaeleaquercus‐mongolicae. Korean oak wilt. Mortality in  Yes Kim et al., 2009; Lee et al. 2011
Q. serrata susceptible species after mass attack by vector
Platypus cylindrus Quercussuber Ophiostomaquercumand other Ophiostomatalesrecovered  No Belhoucine et al. 2011
from beetle, but Koch’s postulates and Leach’s rules not 
fulfilled
Platypus apicalis, Platypus  Nothofagusmenziesii, N. solandri Sporothrixnothofagi. Mortality and/or reduced wood  Yes Milligan, 1972; Faulds, 1977; 
gracilis, Treptoplatypus var. cliffortioides, N. fuscaand N.  quality caused by symbiont Wiser et al. 2005
caviceps(formerly Platypus  truncata
caviceps)
Scolytinae: Xyleborini
Corthyluscolumbianus Numerous angiosperms in eastern  No apparent role for symbiontor other fungal associates.  n/a Baker, 1972; Kabirand Giese, 
U.S.A. Prefers vigorous living  Causes significant economic degrade of timber. 1966; Kuhnholzet al., 2003; Nord 
hosts. and
McManus, 1972
Corthyluspunctatissimus Diverse angiosperms in eastern  No apparent role for symbiont. Lethal to young Acer  n/a Baker, 1972; Finnegan, 1967; 
North America saccharum, which is girdled at root collar Kuhnholzet al., 2003
Corthylussp. Alnusplantations in Colombia Pathogenicity documented for associated fungi, Fusarium No Zulmaet al., 2004
solaniand Ceratocystissp.
Euwallaceafornicatus Camellia sinensisand other  Fusariumambrosium Yes Anonymous, 2012; Brayford, 
angiosperms 1987; Sivapalan, 1978
“Euwallaceafornicatus” Perseaamericanaand other  Fusariumsp. causes branch dieback and is disseminated by  Yes Eskalen et al., 2012; Mendel et 
angiosperms what may be distinct relatives of E. fornicatus al., 2012
Xyleborusglabratus Perseaamericana, P. borbonia, P.  Raffaelealauricola. Laurel wilt. Lethal development in  Yes Fraedrichet al., 2008; Harrington 
humilis, P. palustris,  susceptible species after a single inoculation et al., 2008; Ploetz et al., 2012
Xylosandrusgermanus Juglansnigra, Liriodendron  Fusariumlateritium, F. solani(Ambrosiellahartigiimay be  No Alamoutiet al., 2009; Anderson 
tulipifera, Quercusrubra primary symbiont). Cankers and severe damage on trees in  and Hoffard, 1978; Dochinger
nurseries, but Leach’s rules not fulfilled.  and Seliskar, 1962; Kessler, 1974
There are more species of beetles (the
Coleoptera) than any other order in the
animal kingdom (25% of all known life-
forms)
Bark beetles
are phloem
feeders