UNA EXPLORACIÓN TÉCNICA ALREDEDOR DEL RETRATO JUAN MANUEL PIEZCHACÓN ...

32 Pages·2012·5.5 MB·Spanish

UNA EXPLORACIÓN TÉCNICA ALREDEDOR DEL RETRATO
JUAN MANUEL PIEZCHACÓN APONTE
Trabajo de grado para optar al título de :
Maestro en artes visuales con énfasis en expresión plástica
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA
FACULTAD DE ARTES
CARRERA DE ARTES VISUALES
BOGOTÁ
2010
INTRODUCCIÓN
MARCO DE REFERENCIA
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1
BREVE HISTORIA DEL RETRATO
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Máscara de Jericó.
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Cabeza de Hamurabi.
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Cabeza de Sacerdote egipcio.
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3
Alejandro Magno como Apolo.
Aprox. 200 A.C
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Busto de Julio Cesar.
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Retrato medieval de un noble y
su músico. Aprox. 800 D.C.
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4
Jan Van Eyck. 1400 D.C
’1,+0’/0’:#
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2#"$+#23(+02+#*’#"2#3’53’+’/024,7/#3’2",+02#9#"’+#2%3,7#52+$#2#/.’)2+#*,6’/+,$/’+:#EU2#’"#6./*$#V+,4$#O2%N2#
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032/+6,(3#5$3#6’*,$#*’#5,/4’"2*2+#6=+#+.’"02+#9#*,/=6,42+#"2#?.’3>2#’6$4,$/2"#*’"#3’03202*$:#e.+42%2/#
’"#,/0’3,$3#5$3#’/4,62#*’#"2#2523,’/4,2H#%.+42%2/#"2#’+’/4,2:#J’#’+02#62/’32#’"#-’+0$#5,4073,4$#+’#)$"),7#
6=+#233,’+-2*$H#"2+#?$362+#6’/$+#,*’2"’+H#"$+#4$"$3’+#6’/$+#3’2"’+P#5’3$#42*2#)’>#4$/#./2#629$3#?.’3>2# Inocencio X. Velázquez.
1650 D.C
’6$4,$/2":#q/#’&’65"$#*’#’+0$#+$/#"2+#5,/0.32+#*’"#5$+(653’+,$/,+02#X,/4’/0#X2/#F$-O#Q‘2N+’+#e2&$+RH#’/#
"2+#4.2"’+#+’#O24’#’),*’/0’#"2#%@+<.’*2#*’#./2#3’2",*2*#6=+#53$?./*2#<.’#032+4,’/*’#+$%3’#"2#620’3,2:#
;$+#032>$+#%3.+4$+H#"$+#4$"$3’+#’12-’32*$+#9#’"#’14’+$#*’#5,/0.32#/$+#""’)2/#2#./#5"2/$#6=+#53$?./*$#*’#
3’53’+’/024,7/:#U2#/$#’+#+7"$#3’4$/$4’3/$+#’/#"2#?$362P#+’#03202#*’#032/+-3’*,3"2:#I’#03202#*’#&.-23#4$/#
/.’)2+#?$362+H#/.’)$+#+,-/,S42*$+H#/.’)2+#3’2",*2*’+:
5
Autorretrato. Van Gogh.
j# #[!hhYLI#X2"83,’:#I0-<1*($+;*/*$+;G#0+$)*$,;&/-1’:#X’3+2""’+D#Y30#;9+H#]gggP#5#]^a 1889 D.C.
ANTECEDENTES
;2#53,6’32#*’#6,+#5,/0.32+#<.’#4$/+’3)$#’+#*’#./#5=&23$#)$"2/*$#+$%3’#./#52,+2&’#)’3*’:#c.’#./#’&’34,4,$#
5232#./2#4"2+’#*’#5,/0.32#<.’#0.)’#2#"$+#+,’0’#2A$+:#Z’4.’3*$#<.’#"2#4"2+’#’32#0$*$+#"$+#&.’)’+#*’+5.8+#
*’"#4$"’-,$#9#2#’""2#2+,+C2/#./$+#$4O$#/,A$+H#*’#"$+#4.2"’+#*$+#’32/#6,+#O’362/$+:#;$+#03,"",>$+#N%26$+#2#
253’/*’3#+$%3’#O,+0$3,2#*’"#230’H#*,%.&$#9#5,/0.32:#‘,"23H#"2#53$?’+$32H#/$+#’/+’A2%2#2#.+23#"2+#*,?’3’/0’+#
Pintura de Alfredo Araujo
084/,42+#4$6$#’"#423%7/H#’"#-32S0$H#’"#243N",4$#9#’"#7"’$:#h320=%26$+#0’62+#4$6$#2/,62"’+H#52,+2&’+#9#
Santoyo
%$*’-$/’+P#2+N#4$6$#’&’34,4,$+#*’#"N/’2H#4$"$3#9#03262H#"$+#4.2"’+#6’#+,3),’3$/#*’#53=4(42#5232#3’43’23#"2#
,".+,7/#*’#)$".6’/#9#3’53’+’/023#"2+#?$362+#<.’#<.’3N2:
J’+5.8+#*’#‘,"23H#$#E‘,",G#4$6$#"’#*’4N26$+H#),/$#+.#O,&$#Y"?3’*$#<.,’/#3’-3’+2%2#*’#e8"-,42#*’#’+0.*,23#
*,%.&$#9#S-.32#O.62/2:#;2#4"2+’#0’/N2#".-23#’/#+.#2523026’/0$#9#8326$+#+7"$#03’+#2".6/$+P#6,#O’362/$#
Y/*38+H#!+0’%2/#./#26,-$H#9#9$:#!"#53,6’3#0’62#<.’#032026$+#?.’#*’#2/20$6N2H#*,%.&26$+#O.’+$#5$3#
O.’+$H#4$/#+.#3’+5’4()$#/$6%3’#+’-.,*$#*’#42*2#6@+4."$:#J,%.&26$+#’"#’+<.’"’0$#),+0$#5$3#*’"2/0’H#
5$3#*’03=+#9#5$3#"$+#"2*$+H#"$#6,+6$#4$/#"$+#6@+4."$+:#!+0’#’&’34,4,$#?.’#?./*26’/02"#5232#4$653’/*’3#’"#
?./4,$/26,’/0$#*’"#4.’35$#O.62/$#9#+.#?$362:
!"#+,-.,’/0’#52+$#’/#/.’+03$#5"2/#*’#’+0.*,$+#?.’#’/0’/*’3#"2#6$3?$"$-N2#*’"#43=/’$#9#"$+#6@+4."$+#*’"#
3$+03$:#[,+#53,6’3$+#3’0320$+#?.’3$/#*,%.&$+#*’#O$6%3’+#<.’#/$#+’#523’4N2/#2#"2#,62-’/#<.’#03202%2#*’#
3’53’+’/023:#!32/#3$+03$+#4$6$#032N*$+#*’#"2#4."0.32#’-,54,2H#*’#?$362+#42/7/,42+#<.’#/2*2#0’/N2/#<.’#)’3#
4$/#’"#6$*’"$#+,/$#6=+#%,’/#4$/#./2#,*’2#*’#EO$6%3’G#<.’#O2%,02%2#’/#6,#6’/0’:#‘$4$#2#5$4$#6,+#032>$+#
?.’3$/#6’&$32/*$#9#253’/*N#2#$%+’3)23:#q/$+#+’,+#6’+’+#*’+5.8+#*,%.&8#./#2/4,2/$#9#?.’#2ON#4.2/*$#6’#
*,#4.’/02#<.’#’"#3’0320$#’32#"$#6N$:#Y#523(3#*’#’+’#6$6’/0$#6’#523’4,7#<.’#’+02#084/,42#’+#./2#*’#"2+#
6=+#’1,-’/0’+#9#5$3#’+0$#<.,+’#*$6,/23"2:#‘’/+8#<.’#+,#"$#O24N2H#*’+5.8+#5$*3N2#3’53’+’/023#4.2"<.,’3#
$032#?$362#6=+#+’/4,""2#9#’653’/*N#./#53$4’+$#<.’#""’)2#./$+#*,’>#2A$+#9#<.’#O2#52+2*$#5$3#’/?$<.’+#
6 Anciano - Piezchacón 2004.
*,?’3’/0’+#*’#3’53’+’/024,7/#9#’15’3,6’/024,7/#084/,42#4$6$#+.4’*,7#4$/#"2#O,+0$3,2#*’"#3’0320$:
‘232#’"#2A$#]ggf#"2#?26,",2#Y32.&$#2%3’#./2#-2"’3N2K242*’6,2H#;2#Y42*’6,2#c=%."2H#2#"2#4.2"#2+,+C#*.32/0’#
4.203$#$#4,/4$#2A$+:#!+02+#4"2+’+#2"0’3/2+#6’#+,3),’3$/#*’#25$9$#084/,4$#2#6,#?$3624,7/#53$?’+,$/2"H#5.’+#’"#
53$-3262#*’#Y30’+#X,+.2"’+#*’#"2#q/,)’3+,*2*#d2)’3,2/2#(’/’#./#’/?$<.’#6=+#4$/4’50.2"#<.’#53=4(4$:#
!"#’+524,$#’32#265",$#9#"2#242*’6,2#<.’*2%2H#9#2@/#<.’*2H#2#./2#4.2*32#*’#6,#42+2H#"$#<.’#?24,",02%2#
6,#2+,+0’/4,2:#!/#"2#42+2#)’/*N2/#"$+#620’3,2"’+#*’#230’H#2+N#<.’#/$#0’/N26$+#<.’#+2",3#2#4$65323#/,#./#
"=5,>P#*’S/,()26’/0’#’+’#’+524,$#?.’#6.9#,65$302/0’#5232#6NH#/$#+7"$#5$3#"$#<.’#253’/*N#+,/$#5$3#<.’#
3’53’+’/02%2#./#’+524,$#*’#3’"2&24,7/#9#*’+4$/’1,7/#*’#"2#3’2",*2*:#Y""N#4$/$4N#*,?’3’/0’+#5’3+$/2+#9#
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23(+02+#<.’#*$6,/2%2/#*,?’3’/0’+#084/,42+#6’#’/+’A7H#’/03’#$032+#4$+2+H#<.’#"2#3’53’+’/024,7/#/$#
*’5’/*’#*’"#620’3,2"#<.’#+’#.+2#+,/$#*’#"2#$%+’3)24,7/:
q/$#*’#"$+#53$?’+$3’+H#Z2?2’"H#’/+’A2%2#5,/0.32#2%+032402:#I.#6’0$*$"$-N2#4$/+,+C2#’/#25",423#5,/0.32#
",%3’6’/0’#+$%3’#./2#+.5’3S4,’:#!"#53$57+,0$#53,/4,52"#’32#<.’#’"#’+0.*,2/0’#.+232#"2#629$3#42/(*2*#*’#
5,/0.32#9#’15’3,6’/0232#4$/#5,/4’"’+#9#’+5=0."2+:#J’#’+0’#02""’3#O’3’*8#./#-.+0$#5$3#’"#.+$#’14’+,)$#*’#
620’3,2"#5,4073,4$P#4.2/*$#’+0$9#?3’/0’#2#./#",’/>$#’/#%"2/4$H#+.’"$#’652+023"$#9#6’>4"23#"$+#4$"$3’+#+$%3’#
+.#+.5’3S4,’:#Y"#,-.2"#<.’#Z2?2’"H#Y"?3’*$#026%,8/#.+2#%2+02/0’#620’3,2"H#9#*’%,*$#2#+.#-32/#O2%,",*2*#4$/#
"2#5,/0.32H#’32#4252>#*’#O24’3#4.2*3$+#,653’+,$/2/0’+#’/#+7"$#./2#+’+,7/H#$#E2#"2#53,62GH#4$6$#8"#"$#""262:#
Pintura de Alfredo Araujo
I.+#084/,42+#9#03.4$+#4$/#"$+#5,/4’"’+H#"2+#5,/0.32+#9#"$+#*,+$")’/0’+#+$/#"2+#O’3326,’/02+#6=+#@("’+#<.’# Santoyo (Detalle)
6’#24$652A2/#4$6$#5,/0$3:#
7
PROCESO PROFESIONAL
‘232#’"#+’-./*$#+’6’+03’#*’#]ggb#’/038#2#’+0.*,23#Y30’+#X,+.2"’+#’/#"2#‘$/(S4,2#q/,)’3+,*2*#d2)’3,2/2:#
YON#6’#’/4$/038#4$/#d.+(/,2/$#J.3=/H#./#62’+03$#<.’#6’#*,$#4"2+’+#*’#*,%.&$#’/#"2#242*’6,2#c=%."2:#;$#
3’4.’3*$#4$6$#./2#5’3+$/2#6.9#524,’/0’#9#42"62*2:#Y"#,-.2"#<.’#9$H#d.+(/,2/$#’+#03,"",>$H#"$#4.2"#O,>$#<.’#
6’#,*’/(S4232#4$/#8"#*’+*’#’"#53,/4,5,$:#
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6,’*$#2#’<.,)$423/$+:#!/03’#+.#524,’/4,2H#+.#?3’+4.32H#9#"2#42/(*2*#*’#032>$+#5$3#+’+,7/H#"2#"N/’2#+’#)$")N2#
42*2#)’>#6=+#+.’"02:#;2#+$353’+2#""’-2%2#2"#S/2"#*’#"2#4"2+’H#4.2/*$#./$#+’#’/4$/032%2#4$/#+,’0’#*,%.&$+#
O$33,%"’+#9#./$#,653’+,$/2/0’6’/0’#%.’/$H#-’/’32"6’/0’#’"#@"(6$:#
!"#62’+03$#J.32/#0’/N2#./#02""’3#5$3#"2#42""’#i]H#’/#e$-$0=#K#T$"$6%,2H#2"#<.’#0$*$+#"$+#&.’)’+#,/),02%2#2#
+.+#’+0.*,2/0’+#5232#,3#2#*,%.&23:#I,’653’#O2%N2#./#6$*’"$#62+4.",/$#$#?’6’/,/$:#;$#6’&$3#*’#0$*$#’+#<.’#
/./42#/$+#4$%32%2H#2"-$#<.’#6’#O24’#5’/+23#+$%3’#+.#26$3#2"#230’#9#"2#’/+’A2/>2:
;2#53,6’32#4"2+’#*’#5,/0.32#<.’#0$68#’/#"2#d2)’3,2/2#?.’#*,3,-,*2#5$3#’"#62’+03$#c32/M",/#Y-.,33’:#I.+#
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’6%23-$H#’"#3’/*,6,’/0$#*’"#4.3+$#?.’#’14’54,$/2":#T2*2#2".6/$#*’%N2#’/03’-23#+’,+#5,/0.32+#*’#?$3620$#
5’<.’A$#5$3#+’62/2:#F’/’32"6’/0’#’"#0’62#’32#",%3’#2./<.’#O2%N2#4,’30$+#523=6’03$+#084/,4$+#*’#4$"$3H#
?$362#9#-’+0$:
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52"’02#<.’#62/’&2#+’#4$65$/’#*’#4$"$3’+#),)$+#25",42*$+#*’#?$362#5"2/2H#+,/#*’-32*2*$+:#!+02#0’/*’/4,2#
?.’#2*$502*2#5$3#"2#629$3N2#*’#"$+#’+0.*,2/0’+#9#’/#’+’#+’/(*$#"2+#’/03’-2+#’32/#6.9#+,6,"23’+#’/03’#+N:##
8 J.32/0’#"2+#53,6’32+#+’62/2+H#+.#6’0$*$"$-N2#+7"$#5’36,C2#’"#.+$#*’"#243N",4$H#’+0$#,%2#24$652A2*$#*’#
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084/,42#*’"#7"’$#9#./$#*’#"$+#032%2&$+#S/2"’+#4$/+,+C2#’/#O24’3#./2#4$5,2#*’#2"-./2#$%32#*’#230’H#9$#’+4$-NH#
B/’1D$J;GK/#*’#X2/#F$-O:
!"#+’-./*$#4.3+$#*’#5,/0.32#"$#0$68#4$/#’"#62’+03$#F2%3,’"#I,")2H#+.#6’0$*$"$-N2#’+02%2#6=+#’/?$42*2#2"#
7"’$#2./<.’#42*2#’+0.*,2/0’#5$*N2#5,/023#4$/#’"#620’3,2"#<.’#’+4$-,’32:#q/$#*’#"$+#53,6’3$+#’&’34,4,$+#
*’#"2#4"2+’#4$/+,+(7#’/#4$65323#5,-6’/0$+#5232#53’52323#/.’+032+#53$5,2+#5,/0.32+:#U$#53’?’3N#.+23#0.%$+#
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5,/0.32H#’/0’/*N#"2#*,/=6,42#*’#"$+#620’3,2"’+#9#"2#4$33’402#25",424,7/#*’#*,+$")’/0’+#9#2-".(/2/0’+:#!/#
Pintura de Frankilng Aguirre
’+02#4"2+’#53$?./*,48#’/#"$+#3’0320$+#2"#7"’$#9#’65’48#"2#+’3,’#EF3,0$+GH#"2#4.2"#2*’"2/02%2#’/#"2#242*’6,2#
c=%."2:
;2#$%32#*’#F2%3,’"#I,")2#53’+’/02#42+,#+,’653’#S-.32+#O.62/2+#’/#52,+2&’+#2%+03240$+H#"2#52"’02#*’#4$"$3#
<.’#.+2#+’#4$65$/’#*’#3$&$+#9#)’3*’+#$+4.3$+H#42?8+H#$43’+#9#/’-3$+:#Y./<.’#"2#629$3N2#*’#+.#53$*.44,7/#
+$/#$%32+#*’#-32/#0262A$H#026%,8/#4.’/02#4$/#032%2&$+#’/#?$3620$+#6’/$3’+:#!"#,/0’38+#5$3#’"#4$"$3H#0’62#
9#?$3620$#*’"#62’+03$#I,")2#+’#032/+6,(7#2#"2#4"2+’H#42*2#’+0.*,2/0’#*’%N2#O24’3#5$3#"$#6’/$+#./#4.2*3$#
’/#-32/#?$3620$#*.32/0’#’"#+’6’+03’:#;$+#7"’$+#53’5232*$+#’/#4"2+’#4$33’+5$/*N2/#2#"2#52"’02#*’#4$"$3#<.’#
8"#.+2%2H#5.’+#"$+#5,-6’/0$+#<.’#+’#4$/+,-.’/#’/#’"#6’342*$#+$/#53,/4,52"6’/0’#4$"$3’+#(’332:
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9
Pintura de Frankilng Aguirre
(Detalle)