UML For The IT Business Analyst, Second Edition PDF
Preview UML For The IT Business Analyst, Second Edition
UML™ FOR THE IT BUSINESS ANALYST, SECOND EDITION: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO REQUIREMENTS GATHERING USING THE UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE Howard Podeswa Course Technology PTR A part of Cengage Learning Australia, Brazil, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Singapore, Spain, United Kingdom, United States UML for the ITBusiness Analyst, © 2010 Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning. Second Edition: A Practical Guide to ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright Requirements Gathering Using the herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by Unified Modeling Language any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited Howard Podeswa to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, Publisher and General Manager, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Course Technology PTR: Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Stacy L. 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Project Editor: Kate Shoup Library of Congress Control Number: 2009924527 ISBN-13: 978-1-59863-868-4 Editorial Services Coordinator: Jen Blaney ISBN-10: 1-59863-868-8 eISBN-10: 1-43545-530-4 Copy Editor: Kate Shoup Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Interior Layout: Boston, MA 02210 Shawn Morningstar USA Cover Designer: Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions Mike Tanamachi with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: Indexer: Katherine Stimson international.cengage.com/region Proofreader: Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Laura Gabler Education, Ltd. For your lifelong learning solutions, visit courseptr.com Visit our corporate website at cengage.com Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 10 09 For my incredible kids,Yasha and Sam. And for Joy Walker.You are the prototype.1 1From the song “Prototype”on the album Speakerboxxx/The Love Below,2003,by Outkast. Preface From 1998 to 2000,I spent part ofmy winters on the Cape Town peninsula in South Africa.It was one ofthose rare times when all aspects oflife lined up.There were times when I prepared for an art exhibition,facilitated workshops in poor neighborhoods, and analyzed IT systems—all in the same day.This book is one of the products of that exciting and very productive time:Its case study is drawn from IT work my company did there for the Community Peace Program (CPP),an organization that aims to reduce vio- lence in poverty-stricken neighborhoods through a process of dispute resolution called restorative justice. One ofthe communities I visited often due to my work was the township ofZweletemba. There is a point in the trip to Zweletemba when you enter a tunnel that goes right through the mountains.Inevitably,it was at that point in the journey that I always fell asleep,awak- ening just as we exited the tunnel into what seemed like a magical world.Zweletemba,sit- uated in the mountainous interior of the peninsula,is a place of contradictions.There is great poverty,with many people living in ramshackle homes built of materials salvaged from junk piles,but there is also great physical beauty,personal warmth,music,and humor. It was in Zweletemba that the CPP was conducting a pilot project when I arrived in South Africa.The CPP was,at that time,interested in growing the organization using the lessons learned from Zweletemba—and,in the years that have followed,has in fact expanded to include numerous communities in the country.It was in advance of this expansion that the organization had asked my company to prepare requirements for an IT solution that would assist them in case management. iv Preface v The CPP’s restorative justice system came to mind when I began work on the first edition of this book.I was looking for a case study that would be complex enough to include the intricacies oftypical systems.I chose the CPP’s system because it has stakeholders who play multiple roles (in the same manner as customers of an insurance firm who appear as beneficiaries,policy holders,etc.); a key business object to which events,action,and information items are tied (similar to a customer call in a CRM system),as well as other complex characteristics that show up time and again in business systems.And, as an unfamiliar system,it puts the reader in the position of extreme business analysis—really not knowing anything about the system at the start ofthe project. Projects like the CPP case study exemplify what I love most about business analysis—that it has introduced me to a variety ofsystems and,through them,to the people behind those systems.Through business analysis,I have met and worked with people from all walks of life—defense contractors,social workers,investment bankers,funeral directors—and they have, in turn, satisfied my inquisitiveness about people and how they do things. This quality of endless curiosity is a trait I’ve seen in many of the business analysts I’ve met.If it describes you,you’ve found a great profession.I hope that this book will help you excel at it so that it gives you the enjoyment it has given to me over the years. —Howard Podeswa Acknowledgments Special thanks go out to Charlie Orosz,Scott Williams,Tim Lloyd,Gerry de Koning, Fern Lawrence,Clifford Shearing,Ideaswork (formerly Community Peace Program), and the Zweletemba Peace Committee.Many thanks,also,to Adrian Marchis and the business analyst community at modernanalyst.com for the extensive input they have provided with respect to planning and tailoring business activities for specific projects. Thanks also to Adam Kahn, David Barrett, and Amy Ruddell of Diversified Business Communications for promoting the business-analysis profession and the ideas in this book through the BA World conferences they have organized,the Noble workshops my com- pany has delivered there over the years,as well as their publication,Business Analyst Times. And a personal thank you to the technical editor of the book’s first edition,Brian Lyons, for an incredibly knowledgeable and thorough review.In the time that has passed between the two editions,Brian was tragically killed in a road accident.I am honored to have been able to benefit from his advice while he was alive.The experience of being put under the Lyons microscope was a challenging one—but one I wouldn't have missed for the world. vi About the Author Howard Podeswais the co-founder ofNoble,Inc.(www.nobleinc.com),a business- analysis (BA) consulting and training company. Podeswa has contributed to the formalization of the business-analysis profession as a subject-matter expert for NITAS—a BA apprenticeship program (a CompTIA and U.S. federal government initiative)—and as a member ofthe review team for the Business Analysis Body ofKnowledge (BABOK). Podeswa has 30 years’experience in many aspects ofthe software industry,beginning as a developer for Atomic Energy of Canada,Ltd.and continuing as systems analyst,business analyst,consultant,lead designer ofbusiness-analysis programs,and author ofThe Business Analyst’s Handbook,a BA reference manual incorporating ITIL,the BABOK,BPMN,UML, agile,and other best practices and standards of importance to the BA.He has provided consulting and training services to a diverse client base, including the Mayo Clinic, Thomson Healthcare,Canadian Air Force (MASIS),the South African Community Peace Program,and major financial institutions (Deloitte,CIBC bank,CGU,etc.).Podeswa is also a sought-after speaker at international BA conferences. In addition, Podeswa has collaborated with CDI Education on object-oriented projects and training and has designed BA training programs for numerous institutions,including Boston University Continuing Education Center and New Horizons. Podeswa is also a recognized visual artist whose artwork has been exhibited and reviewed internationally and supported by the Canada Council for the Arts.His exhibition,Object Oriented Painting Show (OOPS)—from which the images on the cover were taken—was the first to combine his two passions:OO technology and painting.His artwork is represented by the Peak Gallery (www.peakgallery.com). vii viii About the Author Contact Info The author may be contacted at [email protected] questions and support material related to this book, please visit the Noble Inc.Web site at www.nobleinc.ca. For a full suite ofbusiness-analysis courses based on this and other writings by the author, please visit the Noble Inc. Web site at www.nobleinc.ca or contact the company at [email protected] download electronic versions of business-analysis templates,please visit http://nobleinc.ca/downloads.html. Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix Chapter 1 Who Are IT Business Analysts? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Chapter Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 The IT and Non-IT BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Perspective on the IT BA Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Why Modeling Is a Good Thing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 The Behavioral (Dynamic) Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 The Structural (Static) Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 For Those Trained in Structured Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Mapping the BABOK 2 to This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Chapter 2 The BA’s Perspective on Object Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Chapter Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 What Is OO? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 The UML Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Cognitive Psychology and OO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 The BA Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Attributes and Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 The BA Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Operations and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 The BA Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Encapsulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 The BA Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 ix
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